I-Davallia fern iyathandeka ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungavamile nemodi yokukhula. Uma ukhula ekhaya, ngaphandle kwama-openwork ashiya, izinhlobo eziyinqaba ze-rhizomes, efana nemilenze yengalo noma ingxenyeni ye-spider, ilenga ebhodweni.
Kungenxa yesici esinjalo phakathi kwabantu ukuthi le fern ibizwa ngokuthi "izinyawo ze-hare". Sikunikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinselele zokukhulela lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo kanye nemininingwane yokunakekelwa ngezimo zegumbi.
Davalliya: incazelo nezinhlobo
I-Davallia (lat. Davallia) wathola igama layo lesayense esitfombeni se-botanist yase-Anglo-Swiss Edmund Davall. Lesi yisikhathi eside sokukhula esibizwa ngokuthi i-epiphytic herbaceous, esiyingqikithi yegama elifanayo, elinezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40. Endle, itholakala emazweni ashisayo e-Asia, eChina, eJapane, ePolynesia, e-Canary Islands naseziqhingini zaseFiji, eJava.
Uyazi? I-Davallia, i-fern kuphela enezimpande zayo ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwezinyawo ze-hare, ibizwa nangokuthi izinyawo ze-squirrel, umlenze wesilwane, nesilwane se-spider.
It has rhizome ezinwabuzelayo ezinwabuzelayo, ekhula phezu komhlaba. Esikhathini esisekelweni sihlanganiswe nezikali, zikhululeke kakhulu ngokushicilela phansi. Ama-root-paws angakhula ngobude kuze kube ngu-90 cm.
Ama-frond we-fern anikeziwe anama-triangular amaningi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amancane, ahlukaniswe, futhi ahlaselwa. Finyelela ukuphakama kuka-15-20 cm.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-Davallia zitshalwe ngaphakathi endlini (zokugcina izithombo) nasezimbizeni zangaphakathi.
Emagodini okugcina izithombo, izakhamuzi ezivame kakhulu zikhona Davallia bullata, Davallia pentaphylla, Davallia dissecta, Davallia truncatula, Davallia trichomanoides, Davallia mariesii (Davallia trichomanoides), Davallia marichesii
Ezimweni zasendlini, isitshalo sezintambo zenyakatho sivame ukukhula njengesihlahla esinamandla - yilokho ongagcizelela khona ubuciko nobuhle balo. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuqamba izingqungquthela ze-epiphytic.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zasendlini ezithandwa kakhulu - I-Canarian Davallia (Davallia canariensis), i-Davallia bullata Wall, i-Davallia solida.
Yini uDavidlia adinga ukukhula okuphumelelayo
Ukuze kuhlakulele ngempumelelo i-davallia, kubalulekile ukuthi ufeze kahle futhi unakekele ngokuhambisana nezintandokazi zakho. Futhi udinga ukuqala ngokukhetha indawo enhle nokukhanyisa.
Ukubeka kuphi i-davalliya, ukukhetha ukukhanyisa
Lesi sitshalo sithande kakhulu, ngakho indawo yokubekwa kwayo kufanele ikhethwe njengokukhanya ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulesi simo, imbali kufanele ivikelwe ilanga eliqondile, ukuze igweme ukushisa nokuphuza amaqabunga.
Uma i-sill window ihloselwe i-davalliah, ke iwindi elisempumalanga lifaneleke kakhulu, lapho ilanga lizofinyelela khona kuphela ekuseni.
I-fern ingakhula ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo iyolahlekelwa ezinye zezimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa futhi izokhula futhi kancane kancane.
Kungenzeka ukutshala isitshalo ngaphansi kokukhanya okubonakalayo - davallia uzizwa enhle ngaphansi kwesibani se-fluorescent.
Umswakama womoya nokushisa kwe-davalia
Izinyawo zezintambo ze-hare zithandwa kakhulu ngomswakama womoya, ngakho-ke izinhlobo eziningi zalesi simbali cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zefulethi, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuhlela ubumpofu obudingekayo kubo. 
Futhi ngisho nangokweningi labameleli bezinhlobo zasendlini, umswakama omuhle uzoba ngu-60-70%. I-Davallia Canarian yodwa ayidinga kakhulu kule nkomba.
I-fern nayo ikhethile ngokushisa - ehlobo ithokoza ngo-18-22 ° C, ebusika ikhetha amakamelo anezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kuka-15-18 ºС. Ingakwazi ukumelana nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku-13 ºС, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi. Uma lesi sitshalo sibanda kakhulu, sizoqala ukuphonsa amaqabunga. UFern kumele avikelwe kusuka kumashikashiki.
Inhlabathi ekhulayo
Ukulimala lawa mafernasi ekhaya elifanelekile le-substrate kusukela ekubunjweni: ama-humus amaqabunga, i-peat, isihlabathi esilinganisweni esifanayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza sphagnum, amalahle kanye nenani elincane le-pine bark kuso. Gcina umhlabathi ngamaki "ama-ferns", "nge-bromilia" nawo afanele ukutshala.
Ibhodlela lokutshala kumele likhethe ububanzi, njalo nebhodi lokugeleza. Ingaphansi ebhodweni kufanele ifakwe emanzini amaningi.
Uyazi? I-Davallium inconywa ukuthi ayikhule emiphaketheni yepulasitiki, kodwa ngokulenga amabhasikidi e-wicker ezenziwe ngezinto zokwakha zemvelo.
Ufika davallya ekhaya
UFern usakazeka ngezindlela ezimbili: izinhlamvu nokuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes.
I-Spores izalisa
Le ndlela idla isikhathi esiningi futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke izingxabano ezikwazi ukuhluma. Esikhathini sitshalo bahlangene babe sori. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, gxuma nge-wai bese umile emvilophini yephepha.
Okulandelayo, lungiselela ithangi lokufika. Ngalokhu, isibonelo, isitsha sepulasitiki kufanelekile. I-peat emanzi noma i-moss ilele phansi. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, uma i-sphagnum, engaxilongwa nge-disinfected ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngamanzi abilayo noma kuhhavini (microwave). Ama-spores adle phezu kwe-peat. Isiqukathi sivaliwe ngesembozo seplastiki, ingilazi noma ifilimu. Ukuhluma amandla kufakwa efasiteleni.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-peat ihlale imanzi. Ukushisa okunamandla kokuthuthukiswa kwembewu kungama-20-25 ºС. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amafomu e-moss ku-peat, futhi kungekudala amaqabunga okuqala azovela. Kubalulekile ukuzisusa uma zikhula zibe ngu-5 cm ukuphakama. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ingxabano nguMeyi.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhiqiza izinhlamvu, kufanele uqaphele, ngoba zingabangela ukusabela kokugula futhi ziholele ekuhlaselweni kwe-asthma..
Indlela yokutshala i-dawallia rhizome division
Indlela elula yokuzalanisa i-dawallya - ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes. Le nqubo yenziwa ngo-Ephreli. I-rhizome ihlukaniswe izingxenye, ukuze ibe namaqabunga owodwa noma amabili.
"Unyawo" lungahle lubekwe phezu kwe-substrate futhi lucindezeleke kancane ngobumba obwandisiwe, noma ungenza ukwesekwa kwensimbi (isibonelo, kusuka ocingweni) bese ubeka impande enhlabathini ngokuzungezile. Inhlabathi kufanele igcinwe esimweni esinomsoco. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili, ingxenye esusiwe ye-rhizome kufanele inike izimpande.
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukugcoba inyawo, uma kungenjalo kuzoqala ukubola.
Izici ukunakekela davalliya ekhaya
I-Davaliya fern ayiyona into ekhethekile, ukunakekelwa ekhaya ngeke kwenzeke ubunzima obuthile. Okulandelayo, sinikeza izincomo eziningana zokunisela, ukudla nokutshala imbali. Uma zigcinwa, lesi sitshalo sizohlala isikhathi eside sicela uzithole ngekhanda eliluhlaza lwe-wai eluhlaza kanye ne-plexus yezinwele ezinama-paws-izimpande.
Ukuphuza i-fern
I-Dallium Kunconywa ukuba iphuze ngamanzi afudumele afudumele. Ukuphuzisa i-fern kuthanda kakhulu, kepha ngaphandle kokushiseka - akudlulisi ngokweqile umswakama. Kodwa-ke, futhi ayikubekezeli ukumile kwe-substrate.
Lesi sitshalo ngokwawo sizotshela lapho sidinga ukuchelela njalo - ubuso bomhlabathi kufanele bume kancane: kuze kufike ku-5 cm ngokujula. Ebusika, emazingeni ashisa ngaphansi kwe-18 ºС, inani nenani lokunisela liyancipha libe lilodwa emasontweni amabili noma amathathu.
Ngokunisela, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi okuphuza nge-spout encane, ukuze amanzi angangeni ezimpandeni. Unganisela epanini.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukugcina umswakama womoya ngokufiphaza isitshalo nsuku zonke. Ehlobo, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lidlula u-22 ºС, le nqubo iyadingeka ukuba yenziwe kabili - ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kulesi simo, qinisekisa ukuthi akuhambisani nesikhathi nelanga eliqondile esitshalweni, ngaphandle kwalokho amaconsi emaqabunga angabangela ukushisa. Ukuphalaza, kanye nokuchelela, kuveza amanzi ahlanzekile afudumele.
Ukuze ukwandise umswakama, kungenzeka futhi ukubeka ibhodlela nge-fern kwi-pallet ene-peat eboshiwe noma ubumba obunwetshiwe. I-shower ye-periodic ngeke ilimaze isitshalo - iyosiza ukuhlanza uthuli oluvela ku-Wai nokuhambisa imbali kahle. Uma wenza le nqubo, ibhodlela kufanele lihlanganiswe nefilimu ukuze kugweme amanzi angene kuwo. 
Indlela yokuquba i-gallium
Kunconywa ukuthi ukondle isicabucabu se-spern nge-doses encishisiwe (1/3 noma 1/4 yesimiso esivezwe kuphakheji) umanyolo wezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezitshalo. Ukondla kwenziwa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. Futhi nakuba isikhathi sokuphumula kulezi zinhlobo ze-fern asikhulumi, ukukhulelwa akukwenziwa ekwindla nasebusika.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
U-davallys osemusha wakhalwa njalo ngonyaka. Ukuvuthwa - kuze kube sekugcwaliseni izimpande zobhodwe, mhlawumbe kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemibili. Ukutshala kabusha kudingekile ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Izimbiza eziphakanyisiwe zokukhetha okubanzi nokuphansi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yilapho ilula, ikhululekile, idlula umoya kanye namanzi. Ngokuvamile davaliya ubekezelela inqubo yokufakelwa kahle kahle.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo ezisegumbini
Amaphutha ekunakekeleni isitshalo angadala ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nokulimala yizinambuzane. Ngakho, ngezikhukhula ezivamile zezimbali kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, impande yawo ingathatha ukubola okumpunga nezinye izifo ze-fungal.
Umswakama ophansi ekamelweni uvuselela ukuhlaselwa isicabucabu. Futhi isitshalo esibuthakathaka futhi esilondolozwe kahle siba yinto yokuhlaselwa. ama-whiteflies, thrips, scutes, aphid. 
Lapho kunqotshwa abahlukumezi bashiya e-fern bazophendulela, bome futhi bome. Kumele kube ukusika ngesikhathi. Ama-parasites, uma kungenzeka, asuse ngesandla. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala okukhulu, izinambuzane azikwazi ukuzenza. Ukucubungula ama-ferns kufanelekile "Aktellik", "Aktara", "Karbofos".
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni ngaphezulu
Izinyawo zezinyosi, njengombuso, zisinda kahle ngemuva kokutshala nokutshala kabusha, kukhuthazelela izimo zefulethini ngenkathi ziyanelisa izifiso zayo eziyisisekelo. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi lesi sitshalo asikho into ethile. Bese kuzokutshela ngalolu shintsho ngokubukeka.
Ngakho-ke, i-dawallya uma ikhulile ekhaya ingabukwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphuza nokuma amaqabunga. Uma ubona ushintsho olufanayo, qaphela izinga lokushisa nomswakama ekamelweni - lesi sitshalo singashisa noma somile. Kufanele futhi uhlole ngokucophelela imbali yokuba khona kwezinambuzane.
Ukumisa amathiphu we-wai bese uwayeka khuluma ngomswakama owanele. Mayelana nesizathu esifanayo kufanekisela ukuphuza kwamaqabunga esisekelo. 
Amaqabunga kaFern aphenduka aphuzi, aphephe bese ewa - mhlawumbe utshala isitshalo ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu noma ugcine emazingeni aphansi. Futhi imbangela yalezi zinguquko ingaba yizikhwama.
Uma ukwehla nokwehla kwe-wai kwenzeka ebusikake lokhu kungaba inqubo yemvelo.
Ukuthi imbali ikhulu kakhulu elangeni, uzokutshela ukuzethemba kanye ne-pallor wai. Kulesi simo, ibhodlela idinga ukuzitholela kancane noma ukuthola enye indawo yalo.
Isizathu samabala asundu kungase kube nokushisa kwelanga noma izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kakhulu.
Uma inhlanzi idla Ngokushesha ngemva kokufakelwa, akufanele ukwesabeke ngokushesha. Uma uqinisekile ukuthi ulandela zonke izincomo zokugcinwa kwe-fern nokuthi inempilo, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizojwayela izimo ezintsha, futhi sidinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa. Amaqabunga asomile angaphansi kwezihlahla. Ukukhathazeka kuyadingeka lapho, emva kwesikhathi esithile, amafreyimu amasha angaveli.
Ukungabi nokukhula kwezimpande ikhombisa inhlabathi engafanele yokutshala - inzima kakhulu kulesi sitshalo.
Ukukhula kwesitshalo esinyene - isibonakaliso sokuthi wayeminyene ebhodweni noma engenakho ukukhanya.
Uma njalo futhi uqapha ngokucophelela ukuthuthukiswa kwesilwane sakho esiluhlaza futhi ngesikhathi sokuqeda izinkinga ezikubonakalisa kuwe, le mbali yokuqala ingaba umhlobiso wendlu yakho isikhathi eside.
