Ukulimala kwesikhathi eside kuyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu ku-nightshade futhi singabhubhisa ngokuphelele isitshalo sezotamatisi. Ukulwa nokulimala kwekwephuzile sekuqhubeke iminyaka eminingi, njengoba nje abantu behlakulela lesi sitshalo.
I-Agrotechnics nabalimi bahlala bezama ukuthola izindlela zokuqeda lesi sifo se-fungal kuze kube phakade. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zamakhemikhali ezisebenzisana nale fungus encane, kodwa futhi namakhambi omuntu. Ngenxa yokukhethwa, izinhlobo eziphikisana nokulimala kwekwephuzile zivele. Ake sikutshele ukuthi utamatisi awutholi yini ukulimala okulephuzile, sizobonisa isithombe ngamagama ezinhlobonhlobo zeBashkiria, esifundeni saseMoscow, esifundeni saseLeningrad.
Hazard phytophthora
I-Phytophthora igula amaqabunga, izithelo zezitshalo zomndeni we-nightshade, izindawo ezibomvu zivela kubo. I-fungus ihlasela zonke izitshalo ngokushesha kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle.
Ngokuqondene nezithelo zamatamatisi, uma igciwane lesifo esibuhlungu, i-gray compaction ivela kuso, okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isakazeka kuso sonke isithelo, ukuyilimaza, futhi iphunga le-utamatisi alijabulisi, lifake.
Ukunakwa! Ukunquma ukubonakala kwefungus esitsheni esiteji sokuqala kunzima kakhulu. Qaphela ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga e-utamatisi futhi uma une-gray powdery yokugqoka, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukulwa.
Ingozi ye-phytophtora kunoma yisiphi isitshalo ukuthi i-spores inamandla kakhulu futhi ivumelane ngokushesha namakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, kungase kwenzeke ukuthi ayikho imithi eyosiza ekulwa nesifo, kanti isivuno sife ngokuphelele.
I-Spores ye-phytophtoras ingagcinwa emhlabathini, ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse, emishini yokulima. Izingxabano zingaqala ukukhula futhi zikhule lapho:
- ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ehlobo;
- isitshalo esincane esimpofu;
- umswakama ophezulu;
- ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu le-nitrogen njengomanyolo;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile.
Utamatisi ongenaso lesi sifo - ingabe kuyiqiniso noma inganekwane?
Kumelwe kuthiwa ngokushesha ukuthi ayikho isiko esinjalo esingavumelani ngokuphelele nokubola kwegrey. Kodwa kunezinhlamvu ezitholakala ngokuzalanisa futhi zibe nokuphikisana okunamandla ku-phytophthora.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu uma utshala izinhlobo zakuqala zika utamatisi, ungagwema ukutheleleka nge-fungus, njengoba kuvela ezimweni ezifudumele, ezimswakama, ezivela ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo ezivumelanisa isivuno esivumelwaneni ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi.
Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamatamatisi yizindlela zokulwela ngempumelelo lesi sifo.
Izithombe nezincazelo ze-subsorts ezingathinteki yilesi sifo
Ku-Bashkiria
Isimo sezulu e-Bashkiria sinomthelela ngokwaneleNgakho-ke, ekutshalweni kokuvunwa kwezitamatisi eliphezulu, kukwanele ukukhetha izinhlobo zokuvuna ezivuthiwe zakuqala, ezivuthiwe.
Agatha
Utamatisi ukuvuthwa okuvuthiwe kwezithelo kuza ezinsukwini eziyi-100, emva kokushayela kwesithombo. Izihlahla zinde ubude obungama-45 cm, hhayi ezijwayelekile. Kufika ku-4 kg utamatisi ungatholakala kwisitshalo esisodwa. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingabizwa ngokuthi i-tomato engcono kakhulu yesimo sezulu saseBashkiria. Isiko sendawo yonke, esifanele ukusetshenziswa okusha futhi ngezikhala.
Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe
Ama-utamatisi ebanga elingenakubalwa, alinamakhaza, alungele ukulima endaweni enhle yeBashkiria. Izihlahla ezikhula kancane azikhuli ngaphezu kwengxenye yamitha. Izinhlobonhlobo akudingeki zibophe futhi zikhule. Izithelo isisindo sifinyelela ama-gramu ayi-130, ayamelana nokuqhekeka. Isivuno sesilinganiso esingu 3 kg ehlathini.
IsiSiberia ekuqaleni
Uma lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, isihlahla ngeke sikhule ngaphezu kuka-45 cm, emanzini abamba ukushisa. Utamatisi amancane ama-g g. Uhluke ekuthandeni okuhle kakhulu.
Esifundazweni saseMoscow
Njengoba izimo zezulu eziyaziwayo esifundeni ngasinye zihluka kakhulu kusuka komunye nomunye. Cabanga ngezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi, okuncoma ukuthi i-agrotechnics yokulima emadolobheni.
Betta
Okujwayelekile, okucacile, ukubukwa okungaphansi. Ukukhiqiza akudingi ukwakheka kwesihlahla. Izithelo zincane, kuphela ama-60 g. Ezihlukahlukene zinikeza isivuno, izithelo zivuthwe ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Rich Hata
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyinto 45 cm kuphela. Kuyinto yokuvuthwa, ezihlukahlukene ezithelo eziye zibonise kahle uma kutshalwa ensimini.
Iminwe yamaLadies
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala, ezifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okusemnandi nokusemathinini. Izithelo isisindo - 70 g, esiphundu nephunga. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngokuthula.
Esifundazweni saseLeningrad
Isifunda saseLeningrad esinesimo esinzima sezulu - ihlobo libandayo, lincane futhi liluhlaza.
Umswakama ophezulu nokuntuleka kwelanga yizimo ezihle zokuthuthukiswa kwe-phytophthora.
Ababelethi bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezikhethekileivumelaniswa nalezi zimo zezulu.
Izici eziyinhloko zikamatamatisi ezikhulile ngaphansi kwezimo:
- ukumelana nokukhanya okuphansi;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- ukumelana nokushisa okushisa;
- ukumelana nokulimala okwesikhashana kanye nezinye izifo lapho isiko sitholakala khona.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zinezici nezici ezinjalo.
Ubuhle baseNyakatho
Le utamatisi ikhula kahle ngaphansi kwefilimu nasensimini. Ukunquma, okudinga ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla kanye ne-garter. Izithelo zifinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kuka-120 g, futhi siyakuthanda kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nokushisa okushisa, nezifo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukulimala kokuphela kwesikhathi.
Nevsky
I-Ultrafast ehlukahlukene, efushane, ene-compact bush. Ukuvuna kuqala ukuvuthwa ngosuku lwama-85 emva kokuvela kokuqala kwamahlumela. Isisindo sesithelo esiphezulu sifinyelela ku-100 g - sinombala futhi sibomvu. Utamatisi awudingi i-pinch ne-garter.
Ukuze uvule phansi
Ikhadineli
Utamatisi omude, ngokuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kufike kumamitha amabili. Izinhlobonhlobo zivuthiwe ekuqaleni, futhi ungakwazi ukuvuna isivuno ngosuku lwama-80 emva kokutshala. Izithelo zokusajingijolo ezikhanyayo zingafinyelela ku-800 g.
Ukunyakaza okuJapane
Isihlahla esincane esingama-30 cm ubude. Uhlelo lokutshala luyi-70x40, njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinesihlahla esasakazekayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphezulu-ezithela ngezinqwaba zezithelo kuze kube ngu-200 amagremu. Bush akudingeki ukuba akhe futhi ahlanganise. Izithelo zinambitha kakhulu, zigcinwe kahle futhi zithuthwa. Lokhu izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zingakhula ngisho nasefasiteleni.
Betta
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuhluka okuphakathi, ukuphela kwezinsuku ezingu-85 kuphela kusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ezitshalweni. Isihlahla sincane kuze kube yingxenye yesigamu semitha. Izithelo isisindo sibe ngu-70 g. Sikhula kahle efesiteleni, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, nasensimini.
Rich Hata
Isiko sisezingeni elingaphansi, kungadingeki ukuthi kube nesiteji kanye ne-garters. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngosuku lwango-95, isithelo ngasinye sinomthamo we-100-120 g. Utamatisi uyamelana nesithwathwa futhi ungamelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube ngu -4 degrees. Izithelo zinambitheka, aziphikisi. I-plant immunity ikuvumela ukuba umelane nokulimala okuphelile kanye nezinye izifo.
Minion of fortune
Utamatisi ovuthiwe wokuqala, isivuno sitholakala ezinsukwini ezingu-90-100 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala. Ibhubhe kuze kube semitha idinga ukwakheka kanye namagaraji. Izithelo zifinyelela amagremu angu-220, zigcinwe kahle, zibekezelela ukuhamba futhi zine ukunambitheka okukhulu.
Annie
Lona umphumela womsebenzi wabalimi basekhaya, okuvuthiwe okusheshayo futhi okumelana nokuhlukahluka okubangelwa yisikhathi esibucayi. Isikhathi semifino izinsuku ezingu-85. Ezihlukahlukene ziyakwazi ukunikeza izitshalo ezimbili ngenkathi ngayinye. Ukuhluma ama-60-70 cm high, akudingi i-garter, njengoba isitshalo esinamandla sithatha amagatsha ngezithelo eziningi. Kodwa abanye balimi bayelulekwa ukuba bahlanganise amagatsha anamathe utamatisi kanye ne-pinch, ukwakha izithelo kuze kube ngu-120 g. Utamatisi ugcinwe kahle futhi uhanjiswe.
I-Peppermint
Isiko seminyaka emaphakathi - izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Igama lezotamatisi likhuluma ngokwalo, izithelo zibukeka njengepilishi yaseBulgaria.
Ukukhula kwalolu utamatisi akunamkhawulo, ngakho ukwakheka kwesihlahla kanye ne-garter. Isivuno samasiko sikhulu kakhulu Ngokunakekelwa kahle okuvela esitshalweni esisodwa, ungafinyelela ku-30 kg wezithelo.
Isikhulu esincane
Amasiko anezithelo ezincane, ezizungezile, ukuvuthwa ngosuku lweshumi nesishiyagalolunye emva kokukhethwa.
I-Academician Sakharov
Izinhlobonhlobo zide futhi ziphakathi nonyaka. Ukulwa nezifo eziningi ze-fungal. Izithelo isisindo sifinyelela ku-300 g
Isisindo
Utamatisi ubekezelela ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ensimini. Ukuqhathanisa nokukhula kokuqala. Izithelo zincane, zizungezile, zifinyelele ku-60 g isisindo. Isihlahla esincane, isigamu semitha ende. Ukuhlukahluka okungafani nokulimala kwekwephuzile.
Awukwazi ukutshala utamatisi eduze kwamazambane, njengoba ukulimala okuphuzile kusanda ngokushesha kulesi sitshalo, futhi kungaba nokuthelela utamatisi.
Tsar Peter
Ukukhiqiza nge-bush ukuphakama kuze kube ngu-50 cm. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-120 g zinambitheka kakhulu futhi zihlaba iphunga. Utamatisi asetshenziselwa kokubili ukulondolozwa nokulungiselela izitsha ezihlukahlukene.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinezivuno ezivamile, kanti isihlahla esisodwa sinakekelwa kahle sikhuphukele ku-3-4 kg wezithelo. Isikhumba esinamandla sivimbela ukuqhekeka, utamatisi ugcinwe kahle futhi ubekezelela ukuhamba.
Union 8
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, ezingasetshenziswa kokubili nokushayela. Izitshalo zihlangene, ezikwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo ezingafika ku-20 kg kusuka ngayinye. Izinhlobonhlobo ezibhekene nokulimala kwekwephuzile, zigcinwe kahle futhi zithuthwa. Kungenzeka ukukhulisa isiko ngokubili, nasenhlabathini evikelwe.
Lark F1
Ezihlukahlukene, ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala, ezinsukwini ezingu-80 emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ungakwazi ukujabulela izithelo ezimnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezimo zezulu ezimbi, futhi zikhula zibe ngu-85 cm ukuphakama.
Ngomitha owodwa wesikwele ungafinyelela ku-15 kg wezithelo. Lesi sitshalo singamelana nezifo ze-fungal, sidinga i-garter kanye ne-pinching.
Dubko
I-compact, isitshalo esiphansi. UBush ufinyelela ku-60 cm. Isiko esikhula ngokushesha, izithelo zokuqala zivela ngosuku lwama-75 emva kokuduka. Utamatisi isisindo kuze 100 g, nephunga elimnandi kanye ukunambitheka. Amasiko ayingqayizivele kuzo zonke izinzwa. Ikhula kahle emhlabathini ovikelwe futhi ovulekile.
Ukubuyisela
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla sezinhlobonhlobo ze utamatisi kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.2. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, sekusele izinsuku ezingu-100 ungathatha izithelo zokuqala. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingama 300 g. Izinhlobonhlobo ukubekezela kwesomiso. Ihlelwe kahle futhi ihanjiswe.
Kuyajabulisa
Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulima emkhakheni ovulekile, njengoba inkathi ekhulayo iphela izinsuku ezingu-90 kuphela. Ezihlukahlukene zilula kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo., ayidingi i-garter ne-pinching.
Utamatisi awuphikisana nokulimala okuphelile nakwezinye izifo, okufaka ekuqoqeni ivolumu enkulu yokuvuna. Izithelo zincane kuya kuma-gramu angu-45, isimo se-oval esithakazelisayo. Izithelo zibomvu ngombala kanye nenhloso yonke. Kufaneleka ama-saladi nokukhweza.
Apple Russia
I-Sredneranny grade of utamatisi. Inkathi ekhulayo yizinsuku ezingu-135. Ukuphakama kwamamitha aphezulu, kudinga ukuchofoza kanye ne-garter.
Kusha
Utamatisi ovuthiwe otholile ngezithelo ezincane nezihlahla ezincane. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, isihlahla akudingekile ukwakha nokubopha. Isivuno sikhulu kakhulu, kodwa isithelo sinambitheka. Inikeza isivuno ngokushesha, igcinwa isikhathi eside futhi ihanjiswa kahle.
I-blizzard
I-hybrid ehle kakhulu yokulima endaweni evulekile. Isihlahla sincane, sinamandla, singadingi i-garter, phezulu kwe-60 cm. Ukuhluka okuvuthiwe okuqala ngezinyanga eziyi-100. Utamatisi awunkulu, alinganisa amagremu angu-60.
I-Karotinka
Ukuphikisana nosawoti obumnyama obunzima. Ikhula kahle ngaphakathi nasezindaweni zangaphandle. Lokhu izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ziyinto yonke futhi iyigugu ngenxa yokuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe ziqukethe i-beta-carotene. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungama-60 cm. Ukuma kwesitshalo sesithelo kungama-gramu angu-70 kuphela.
Umuntu ovilaphayo
Utamatisi okhulile, othela phezulu. Ngesihlahla esisodwa salolu hlobo oluhlukumezayo, ungakwazi ukufika ku-7 kg wezitamatisi ezivuthiwe, ezihlwabusayo ngenkathi ngayinye. Faka izicelo ngezigcawu, kuma-saladi, ekulungiseleleni ama-sauces nama-pastes.
Isiphetho
Njengoba sesivele sithole, akukho siqinisekiso sokuthi utamatisi ngeke athole i-phytophtorosis. Kodwa kukhona utamatisi ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ezisekuqaleni nase-ultra ezinika isivuno ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo siqale ukuqhubeka.
Esikhathini esivumelwaneni kungcono ukukhula utamatisi obunzimaAkugcini nje ukubekezelela ukushisa kwamadonsi nezimo zezulu ezimbi, kodwa futhi akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Kuzo zokugcina izithombo, ungakhetha nezinhlobo ezide ngezinkathi zokuqala zonyaka okhulayo. Ukuze ukhiphe ukuthuthukiswa kokulimala okuphelile, kumele usebenzise izinyathelo zokuvimbela: ukhipha imithi yamakhemikhali namakhemikhali, ukuphumula okuqhubekayo kokushisa.
