Ukudayiswa kuvame ukutholakala izithelo ezinzima ezinomsoco ezinjenge-apula noma amapheya, okuthiwa "quince". Inempahla eminingi ezuzisayo, kodwa ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle wesitshalo kubalulekile ukunikeza izimo ezinhle zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi yini i-quince kanye nendlela yokuyikhathalela kahle.
Eqinisweni, kufana kakhulu ne-apula kanye nepeyari, njengoba kungokomndeni ofanayo nabo - okubukeka kahle. Noma kunjalo, i-quince iyinhlobo ehlukile yezitshalo, ezifaka izinhlobo eziningana. Ensimini, ethandwa kakhulu yi-quince futhi inkulu-fruited.
Uyazi? I-Quince iqukethe izakhi eziningi: amavithamini C, E, B1, B2, B6, PP, i-carotene, i-pectin, usawoti we-potassium, i-phosphorus, insimbi nethusi, futhi inezindawo eziphikisana nokuvuvukala, ezishukumisayo kanye nezinkanyezi. Kubizwa nangokuthi "i-apula yegolide".
Indlela yokukhulisa i-quince ezweni, ukukhetha indawo
I-Quince evamile - isitshalo eseningizimu, kodwa siqinile futhi singenakuzithoba lapho sikhulile. Indawo lapho i-quince izokhula khona kufanele ifakwe kahle futhi ivikeleke emikhankanyeni, ngaphandle kwalokho awukwazi ukulinda isivuno esihle. Kungcono ukutshala i-quince phakathi kwensimu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izihlahla ezingomakhelwane kufanele zibe kude no-2m, ukuze zingavimeli ilanga.
Kubalulekile! I-cross-pollination inikeza isivuno esingcono se-quince. Ukuze wenze lokhu, okungenani umuthi owodwa wesithelo kulomndeni kufanele ukhule esiqhingini: enye i-quince, i-apula noma i-pear tree.
Yini okufanele ibe ngumhlabathi we-quince
I-quince inesimiso sezimpande, ngakho-ke ikhetha inhlabathi enomsoco enomsoco. IQuince izokhula futhi emhlabathini owomhlabathi owodwa, kodwa isivuno sizoba sibi nakakhulu. Ingatshalwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni lapho amanzi angaphansi kwawo angasondeli khona kunamitha eyodwa ukusuka phezulu.
Kufanele kube ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa nomswakama
Ukwazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-quince ekhishini lakho lasehlobo, ungathola isivuno esihle sezithelo ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, idinga ukukhanya okukhulu, kodwa ingadambisi emanzini. Lesi isitshalo esithandayo ukushisa, ngakho-ke kuhle uma izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke lizodlula + 9 ° C.
Okudingayo ukwazi uma uhlwanyela i-quince
Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kwe-quince kumele kugcine imithetho yokutshala kanye nesondlo esilandelayo.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Izithombo ze-quince zingatshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla emgodini olungiselelwe, ububanzi obungama-40 cm ububanzi nobubanzi buka-60-80 cm, ngaphansi kwezingqimba ezincane zobumba. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuxuba umquba womquba we-organic and amaminerali, isibonelo, 50 g wezinkuni umlotha kanye no-150 g we-superphosphate nomhlabathi bese ugcwalisa umgodi wokutshala ngale nhlanganisela. Uma inhlabathi iyasebenza, ungangeza i-lime encane.
Indlela yokutshala i-quince
Uma utshala i-quince, susa inhlabathi ethile emgodini wokutshala, faka isithombo emgodini, usakaze izimpande zawo endaweni enezingqimba bese uyimboza ngenhlabathi esuswe. Uma utshala isithombo, qiniseka ukuthi intamo impande isezansi. Umhlabathi uzungeze isithombo kancane kancane, ungathinti impande yentamo. Yakha isiyingi esiseduzane sokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokufafaza i-shaft zobumba 5-7 cm ephakeme nxazonke zomjikelezo womqhele bese uthela isithombo ngamalitha angu-30-40 amanzi, futhi lapho amanzi egaxa, ufafaze inhlabathi eyomile kanye ne-peat noma amaqabunga omile. Ukuze uphuthukise kangcono izimpande, amagatsha we-seedling anganciphisa ubude be-1/3 - 1/2, kuye ngobukhulu bawo. Sika isidingo sibe ngu-1-2 cm ngaphezu kwezinso. Uma kukhona amaqabunga ekuvuneni, ingxenye yawo kumele isuswe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nokugcoba i-quince ku-dacha yonyaka
On amaningi ukuchelela quince uphendula izitshalo ezikhulayo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, izitshalo zidinga ukuphuziswa kahle okungenani kathathu: ngaphambi kokuqala izimbali, ukuze uthole uketshezi olungcono, ngoJuni ngokuthuthukiswa komuthi nezithelo, ekupheleni kwehlobo ekuthuleni izithelo. Okungenani ilitha lamanzi elilodwa kufanele lisetshenziselwe ukuchelela okulodwa, kanye nomuthi omkhulu - kufika ku-800 l, ukuze ugcobe isihlahla sonke somuthi kahle.
I-quince evamile nayo iyakuthandeka kumanyolo kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu. Entwasahlobo, lapho ukhulula inhlabathi, umanyolo we-nitrogen we-25-30 g ngalinye nge-1m² noma umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali ka-50 g umuthi ngamunye usetshenziselwa umbuthano ongenhla. Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukutshala i-quince entwasahlobo, bese kufike engxenyeni yehlobo ungakondla umanyolo we-nitrogen ngokuhlanza u-10 g womanyolo ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi (ngamunye ugugule nxazonke zomqhele). Ungaphinde ukondle lesi sihlahla ngesisombululo slurry ehlanjululwe ku-5-10 izingxenye zamanzi.
Emva kokudla, i-quince kufanele iphuze kakhulu ukuze umanyolo usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo. Ekubeni, sebenzisa i-potash, i-phosphate fertilizer ka-20 g ngalinye nge-1m² kanye nomanyolo ophilayo njengendlela ye-mulch phezu kwesihlahla somuthi, bese ubamba umhlaba emgodini we-bayonet. Kanye nekwindla kanye nokushisa kwebusika, lezi zifaka umquba kancane kancane zingene emhlabathini bese zondla i-quince.
Usizo eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, ukubopha i-quince
Ungathenga izithombo lapho i-quince ihlanganiswa khona esitshalweni somama futhi iyokhula ngokwezihlahla, nakuba ngokuvamile ikhula ngesihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uthenga izithombo ze-quince, qaphela. Abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa njengesitokisi sezinye izinhlobo ze-quince kanye neyesibili. Le quince izoba nezithelo ezincane nezitshalo eziphansi. Ihluke emaqabunga amancane amakhulu.
Ukuze i-quince shrub ku-cottage yakho ibe nesimo esihle esihle, kufanele ihlanganiswe uma itshalwe. Ukusekelwa kufakwe ngaphansi komgodi, lapho i-quince itshalwe khona, futhi kufanele ibe yi-1-1.5 m ngaphezu kwamagatsha okulima. Kubalulekile ukubopha wonke amagatsha ukuze asekele, ukuze i-gap encane ihlale phakathi kwabo. Njengoba izithombo zikhula, lezi zintaba kufanele zihanjiswe phezulu ukuze i-quince ingaphenduli noma iphule. Uma isithombo sinamandla futhi siqala ukuthela izithelo, ukusekelwa kususiwe.
Izici ukusika iziqu quince indlela yokwenza kahle
Ngasekuqaleni kwekwindla, lesi sitshalo asichithi amahlamvu isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke izihlahla zokusika izihlahla zenziwa kahle ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga. Susa isidingo wonke amagatsha abonakalisiwe nabamisiwe. Futhi, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kufanele unciphise ukukhula konyaka odlule - amagatsha angafika ku-50 cm ngo-1/3, ama-length angu-1/2, kanti amagatsha akhulayo asheshe afushane. Kubuye kudingeke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi phakathi komqhele akugcini futhi kukhanya kahle, ngaleyo ndlela amagatsha engeziwe asuswe ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile! Ngokusika izikhwebu eziningi isibalo esikhulu sezithelo singaboshwa, okuyinto, ngenxa yemithwalo esindayo, ngeke ibe mkhulu.
Quince ukuzala
Kulula kakhulu ukusakaza i-quince, futhi lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ilula kakhulu ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings nezimpande ezimpande. Izihlahla zokutshala ziyakhiwa entwasahlobo lapho amaqabunga esevele eseqhakaza. Ukusika wonyaka kunomsebenzi wendima yokutshala izinto, mhlawumbe kusuka emagatsheni angaphansi asemthini, okungasetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ekutsheni izihlahla. Ukutshala esibambini kufanele kube ama-5-6 efihlekile (ukusika okungezansi kwenziwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinso, futhi phezulu - kude no 2-3 cm kusukela ekhanda elingenhla, ukuze kuthi uma i-cuttings isomile, izinso zihlala ziphila). Amaqabunga esibambo asuswe ngokuphelele.
I-cuttings igxila cishe efihlekile e-2-3 elungiselelwe ezweni elivuliwe. Ukwenza isilinganiso sokusinda se-cuttings siphezulu, ungawafaka ngefilimu ngokubeka i-greenhouse encane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-20, i-cuttings izothatha izimpande futhi ekwindla ingafakwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukukhula komsuka kunqunywe ngendwangu encane yamagxolo, ukuze impande ihlale ingaguquki. Kungenzeka ukufeza le nqubo kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kanti uma utshalwa ngepulasitiki, impande ephakathi ivame ukunciphisa ukuze uhlangothi lwe-lateral luqale ukukhula ngokushesha futhi amaqabunga asusiwe (ngaphandle kwalawo angaphezulu). Ngoba izithombo ezinjalo zidinga isithunzi esincane.
Ukuze ukhiqizwe ngokubeka, ekwindla, kubalulekile ukugoba amagatsha aphansi, futhi usike amagxolo, umboze umhlaba. Entwasahlobo, izimpande zakhiwa ezindaweni zokuhlambalaza kwamagxolo, futhi ekwindla, izingqimba zihlukaniswa nesitshalo somama futhi zitshala ngokuhlukile. UQuince akavelisi kabi ngokusiza ngokugoma. Ama-cuttings amahle ahlanganiswa angagxiliswa emithini ekhulayo kakade entwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukugeleza kokushisa okukhulu. Izitshalo ze-quince zitshalwe kulezi zithombo zonyaka nge-bud (iso), futhi le ndlela yokugoma ingenziwa ehlobo ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Uyazi? Njengoba isitokisi se-quince breeders asisebenzisi nje kuphela ezinye izinhlobo ze-quince, kodwa futhi i-mountain ash ne-hawthorn..
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuyinkqubo ende kakhulu yokukhula kwe-quince. Ngesikhathi sisakazwa yizimbewu, izici ezihlukahlukene ze-quince angeke zigcinwe; noma kunjalo, izithombo ezinjalo zinezimpande ezithuthukile kahle futhi zikhula ngokushesha, ngakho zivame ukutshala njengezitshalo ze-varietal cuttings.
Imbewu yokutshala idinga ukuqoqa kusuka ezivini ezivuthiwe, ugeze kahle emanzini bese uyomile. Ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile, zihlanjululwe izinyanga ezingu-2-3. Ekwindla, imbewu ingavele isetshenziswe emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke i-stratification izoba yemvelo futhi ihlume izovela entwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu ingabekwa phezu kokukhishwa kwamanzi ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari futhi ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi ihlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo kudingeka badle kabili: Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amabili weqiniso zihlongozwa okokuqala (zihlwanyelwe ebangeni elingama-5 cm komunye nomunye), okwesibili kuyadingeka ukutshala izithombo cishe inyanga emva kokutshala kokuqala (kude no 17-20 cm). Ngonyaka wesibili wonyaka okhulayo, angatshala endaweni ehlala njalo noma asetshenziswe njengesitokisi.
Kubalulekile! I-Quince ekhulile kusuka emhlanjeni, izothela izithelo emva kokukhiqiza izitshalo.
Quince: ukuvuna nokugcina
Izithelo ze-quince ezivamile zonke ihlobo cishe azikhuli futhi ziqala ukugcwalisa kuphela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Abesabi amaqhwa, ngakho-ke badinga ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, bavumele ukuba bavuthiwe kahle. Ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside isikhathi sokuvuna, i-quince ivunwa ngesandla, ukusika noma ukususa izithelo, ukuvimbela ukuba bangaboni.
I-quince igcinwa lonke ubusika ekushiseni kwe--2 ... -5 ° ะก. Ekwindla, izithelo ze-quince ziqinile kakhulu, ziphansi-amanzi, i-tart, ne-sweet taste. Okusha, akudli njengokudla, kepha izibungu ezinomsoco futhi ezimnandi kakhulu, zilondoloza, i-compotes, ne-marmalade zenziwe. Izingxenye ze-quince zingabuye zibekwe itiye esikhundleni selamula. Phakathi nesitoreji, izithelo ziba namanzi amaningi, athambile futhi amnandi.
Uyazi? Igama elithi marmalade ngesiPutukezi elithi "marmelo" lisho "quince puree".
IQuince - umuthi ophelele wensimu yakho. Akusizo nje kuphela okuwusizo, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa kakhulu: amahlamvu awo awaphethwe izifo futhi ahlala enhle yonke ihlobo, futhi ekwindla ithola umbala ophuzi okhanyayo nokuwa kwekwephuzile. Lesi sitshalo futhi siyisitshalo esihle seju.
