Izinhlobo zamatamatisi

Utamatisi Budenovka: izimfihlo zokukhula

Utamatisi (noma utamatisi) angahlobisa noma yiliphi itafula, engeza izitsha zokudla nezitsha (amajikijolo amakhulu abomvu ayasetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-saladi kuphela, kodwa futhi asebenzise ama-appetizers noma ama-casseroles ahlukahlukene). Ukuze ukhethe umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ohambisana ngokugcwele nezidingo zakho, udinga okungenani ukuma kancane ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Ezinye zazo zinomusa, ezinye zingabizwa ezimuncu, kodwa ngamunye wazo uzokusebenzisa. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo ze "Budenovka" futhi sithole ukuthi kufanele senze kahle kanjani ukutshala, i-garter nokuqoqwa kwamatamatisi anjalo.

Izici izinhlobo "Budenovka"

"I-Budenovka" iyinhlobonhlobo ekhulu-fruited yamatamatisi, isikhathi sokuvuthwa esiyizinsuku ezingu-108-111 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ngezinye izikhathi isitshalo sifinyelela ku-150 cm ukuphakama.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezotamatisi ziye zathola ukuthandwa okukhulu ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo ezimweni zokulima nokukhathalela, kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokumelana nokulimala okuphelile nezinye izifo. Utamatisi uletha isivuno esikhulu kakhulu futhi sibe nemikhiqizo emihle kakhulu.

Lapho kuchaza lezi zinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithelo kunalokho zikhulu futhi zinomzimba, zilinganisa u-0.2-0.4 kg ngamunye (kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukuvuna utamatisi obunzima obuyizingalo 0.7 kg). Unombala obomvu obomvu, onambitheka enhliziyweni futhi othakazelisayo.

Uyazi? Kwakuwumumo we-utamatisi owafaka isandla egameni layo, ngoba wona ufana neBenenovka ovelele.

Utamatisi "Budenovka" ingasetshenziswa kokubili fresh futhi ekheniwe, futhi ngesikhathi ehlobo zibaluleke kakhulu salads.

Ukulungisa utamatisi ebusika, ungasebenzisa izithelo kwanoma yisiphi isayizi: ezincane zivaliwe ngokuphelele, futhi ezinkulu zihanjiswa zibe juice noma utamatisi sauce.

Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa imbewu yokuhlwanyela

Ukuqoqa imbewu ukhethe utamatisi omkhulu onempilo (obomvu kunabo bonke), okuvuthiwe ngokuphelele emvinini. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaphuthelwa lo mzuzu bese ukhetha zonke izithelo, zingavuthwa efasiteleni.

Imbewu isuswe kusuka ku-utamatisi ne-pulp, bese ifakwa esitsheni seglasi kanye no-2/3 wevolumu igcwele amanzi. Khona-ke imbiza noma ingilazi kufanele ishiywe endaweni efudumele izinsuku ezingu-5-7. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inqubo yokuvutshelwa izokwenzeka kuleli tangi, futhi emva kwesikhathi esiveziwe sibonisiwe, konke okuqukethwe embizeni kuhlanjululwe kahle futhi kumisiwe.

Imifino evulekile eyomile igcinwa esitsheni esingenalutho esilalini, esigcwele isigamu sawo. Ukuze ungadideki ezinhlobonhlobo, kufanele unamathele ilebuli negama layo kanye nosuku lokuqoqa imbewu.

Lapho ulungiselela imbewu yokutshala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izithombo kuphela ezikwazi ukuhluma kahle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuba uhlwanyele emhlabathini, amasampuli afanele kufanele akhethwe futhi ahlolwe. Ngokuvame ukwenziwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili:

  • Ngokuzenzekelayo, uma uhlola ngokucophelela yonke imbewu futhi ubheke ngokucacile ukuthi izibonelo ezinhle nezimbi ziyini.
  • Ngesiza sosawoti ovamile: zonke izithombo ezilungiselelwe zifakwa kwisixazululo sosawoti ka-1.5%, emva kwalokho ziqaphele ukuthi yiziphi zazo ezizogxila phansi ebhodweni. Imbewu ehlumekile ayifanele ukuhlwanyela, kepha lezo ezisezansi ziphilile ngokuphelele futhi zifanelwe ngokuphelele indima yembewu.
Imbewu elungiselelwe kahle ilungele ukutshala iminyaka engu-10-12.

Kubalulekile!Imbewu enezibonakaliso ezicacile zezifo noma okungafani nayo yonke embala noma ubukhulu kufanele ihlukaniswe masinyane namasampuli enempilo.

Ukukhulisa izithombo zakho

Utamatisi atshalwa ngendlela e-rassadny, kodwa ngaphambi kokufakwa emhlabathini, kufanele afakwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (i-potassium permanganate). Ukulungiselela izithombo kuqala uma ukushisa kwenhlabathi kungaphansi kuka-2 ° C (Mashi-Ephreli). Inqubo yokuhlwanyela ngokwayo iqukethe izinyathelo ezimbili: ukulungiselela inhlabathi nokutshala ngokuqondile imbewu.

Kuyathakazelisa Ekuqaleni, ezihlukahlukene utamatisi "Budenovka" kwaba bred ngokuqondile ukukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba wokutshala

Umhlabathi utamatisi uqala ukulungiselela ekwindla. Ngale njongo, kuhle ukusebenzisa izitshalo zomquba ezihlaza, okubizwa nangokuthi "umquba ohlaza". Kungaba kuhle ukufaka umanyolo owenziwe emhlabathini, ukuwukhulula bese udala izinga eliphezulu lomswakama. Lezi zidingo ziyasebenza nokulungiselela inhlabathi endaweni yokushisa.

Namuhla "Budenovka" isetshenziselwa ukutshala kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasenhlabathini evikelwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhosela ikhule kahle kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele. Emgwaqeni ophakathi, ukuze uthole isivuno esigcwele, utamatisi kungcono ukukhula lawa utamatisi ezimweni zokushisa. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuphakama kwesitshalo sezitshalo kufinyelela ku-1 m, nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo kuze kufike ku-1.5 m.

Isu nokujula kwembewu yokuhlwanyela

Uma umhlaba ufudumele, ungaqala ukutshala utamatisi. Imbewu ingcwatshwa emhlabathini ngo-0.5 cm, ngokucindezela ngokucophelela inhlabathi phezulu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo eziseduze akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-15-20 cm. Uma izithombo zikhuphuka kakhulu, zihlale zigcwala uma zifika emhlabathini.

Kubalulekile! Imbewu yatshala izinsuku ezingu-55-65 ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuvulekileumhlabathi (ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli).

Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukutshala izihlahla zezitshalo ezihlwanyelwe endaweni entsha (esitheni sokushisa noma endaweni evulekile) kwenziwa esiteji sokubukeka kwesibhulashi sokuqala ngezimbali. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nakulolu cala, ukutshala utamatisi kungenzeka kuphela emva kokuba amaqhwa okugcina adlule.

Ngokuvamile, izitshalo zitshalwe kude ku-30-40 cm komunye nomunye, zijike ekujuleni kwe-1.5-2 cm, nakuba abalimi bevame ukulandela uhlelo lwe-60x35 cm (ibanga phakathi kwemigqa engu-60 cm, no-35 cm phakathi kwezitshalo ngokulandelana). Ukuze uthuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi udale izimo ezithandekayo zamatamatisi esizayo, ungangezela i-superphosphate ne-humus enhlabathini. I-inflorescence yokuqala yezitshalo ezitshaliwe zakhiwa ngenhla kweqabunga le-9-11, kanti igebe phakathi kwama-inflorescences asele lingamaqabunga amathathu.

Ukunakekela utamatisi ngenqubo yokukhula

Ukulimala utamatisi "i-Budenovka" (ifomu elide elide) ngeke lidinge imizamo eningi kakhulu kuwe, ngoba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza kakhulu yindlela yokwakhiwa nokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla, okubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni zokushisa.

Ngisho kungakapheli izinkathi eziphumelela kakhulu, ungathembela isivuno esikhulu samatamatisi kulezi ezihlukahlukene. (iyaziswa ngezimfanelo zayo ezinhle "zesaladi"). Ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwehlathi, kuyadingeka ukuyiqinisa ngesikhathi esifanele (isihlahla ngasinye siboshwe ezigxotsheni eziqhutshwa emhlabathini).

Ukunisela nokudla umhlabathi

Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, izitshalo zidinga ukuphuziswa izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuchelela kunganciphisa izikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10. Kulesi simo, kuphela ingxenye engezansi yesitshalo kumele ifakwe, kanti iziqongonga azifuni "amabhati" kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuphuza, kufanele ukhulule ngokushesha umhlabathi bese ususa amaqabunga aphansi.

Uma kushisa kakhulu, ukuze kugweme ukumile emhlabathini, izisekelo ezihlahleni zigcwele izitshalo ezomile noma utshani. I-Budenovka idinga ukuchelela okulinganiselwe kepha okuvamile, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukwakhiwa kwama-ovari nokubunjwa kwezithelo kufanele kwandiswe.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthambisa utamatisi ngesikhathi esifanele. Izakhi eziyinhloko zokukhula okugcwele kwetamatisi yi-phosphorus ne-potassium, okusho ukuthi i-superphosphate noma i-shell yeqanda elikhishwayo iyilungele izitshalo. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa kungakapheli amasonto amabili emva kokufakelwa kabusha.

Kubalulekile! Ungayisebenzisi kabi umanyolo we-mullein noma we-nitrogen, njengoba utamatisi ukhula ngamafutha, enza amaqabunga amaningi kanye namahlumela, ngenkathi ama-brushes ezimbali ebonakala kancane.

Ukuqhaqhazela nokukhuphuka kwezintaba

I-Pasony yamatamatisi, kuhlanganise nezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe, ihilela ukuqeda (ukuxuba) izinyathelo ezingadingekile (amahlumela asetshenziselwa ukukhula avela emaqeleni e-leaf). Ukungabikho kwabo kubangelwa ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo, ngoba wonke amandla esitshalo asetshenziswe kuwo.

Ngenxa ye-hilling, eyenziwa ngamabili ezinhlobonhlobo ze-tomato "Budenovka", izimpande ezengeziwe zivela ngokushesha ezitshalweni, umswakama uyagcinwa futhi ukuphefumula kwesistimu kuvinjelwe ekushiseni okukhulu. Ngemuva kwezintambo, zivame ukufafazwa ngotshani noma utshani.

Izitshalo ze-Garter

Ukuhlukahluka "i-Budenovka" kungabizwa ngokuthi i-heavyweight, ngenxa yalokho okudingayo ngokukhethekile ekwakheni amahlathi kanye ne-garter. Izitshalo ezincane futhi ezinobunzima zivame ukugoba ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo noma ngisho nokuphuka, ngakho-ke ukutshala i-garter kungenye yezinqubo eziyinhloko kuzo zonke izigaba zokuvuthwa kwezitshalo, okuzodinga umzamo othile kuwe. Amaphengwane abanjwe emhlabathini ahle kakhulu enkambeni yokusekela. Izihlahla zibopha njengoba zikhula, zibheke ubude obuphezulu bezingqimba zamamitha ayi-1.5.

Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sitshalo sikhishwe phezulu, igatsha ngalinye liboshwe ekusekeleni.

Ukuvuna

Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zibhekisela ku-Budenovka ehlukahlukene njengamatamatisi avuthiwe, ngoba le nqubo iqala phakathi no-July. I-Fruiting ihlala izinyanga ezingu-2.5-3 futhi iphela ngokuqala kwekwindla.

Isici sesici salolu utamatisi yilokho okuthiwa "ukuvuthwa ngaphakathi." Ngisho noma utamatisi awuboni okuvuthiwe ngaphandle, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kuvuthiwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukususa utamatisi kusuka ezihlahleni esigabeni sokuvuthwa okubomvu, okusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwamanye utamatisi.

Izitshalo zokushisa zivuthiwe ngokushesha, kepha utamatisi otshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile kudinga isikhathi esiningi (ngokuvamile lezi utamatisi ziqala ukuvuthwa kuphela ekupheleni kukaJulayi).

I-shrub evamile ivela ku-4 kuya kwezingu-5 kg ​​zezithelo, futhi ngenxa yokuphikisana kwayo kakhulu nemiphumela ye-phytophthora, bonke bayakhula bephilile futhi beqinile. Uma uhlinzeka kahle utamatisi, uzokwazi ukufika ku-7 kg utamatisi ngesizini ngasinye kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, zonke izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo "i-Budenovka" cishe zilingana nobukhulu obufanayo, obunamapulp ayenomzimba omuhle nebhokisi lezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu.

Izakhiwo eziwusizo of utamatisi "Budenovka"

Ngakho-ke, sathola ukuthi ngisho nezinhlobo ezibonakalayo ezingafanelanga utamatisi "Budenovka" zingadliwa, ngoba ngaphakathi sezivuthiwe. Lezi utamatisi zinhle kakhulu kuma saladi, futhi uma ufuna ukuwasebenzisa ukuze uthole ijusi noma isoso, bese ushiya izithelo ezimnyama izinsuku ezingu-2-3 endaweni ekhanyayo.. Ngalesi sikhathi, bayothola umbala obomvu ojwayelekile bese beba mncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi utamatisi zinkulu zokulondolozwa (kungcono ukukhetha izithelo ezincane) noma ngisho nokuqhwa.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zicebile kakhulu ngamavithamini kanye nezakhi ezilandelanayo ezizuzisa, kodwa inzuzo eyinhloko ukungabikho kwezifo. (ngisho nezifo ezitholakalayo zingakujabulela ngaphandle kokwesaba impilo yabo). Izithelo ezintsha ziqukethe i-potassium, i-iron ne-magnesium. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kotamatisi wezinhlobonhlobo zeBudenovka kusiza ukunciphisa i-cholesterol egazini, kuhloswe umgogodla wegazi futhi kugcizelele ukucindezeleka kwegazi, okuba nemiphumela emihle esimweni esiningi somzimba.

Ngomzamo omncane, ungajabulela isivuno esihle sezithelo ezimnandi.