I-Cyclamen (i-Cyclamen - kusukela ku-Greek. I-cyclos - umbuthano) - Isitshalo sekhaya esisodwa esingapheliyo se-Primula (lat. Primulaceae). Ikhaya likaCyclamen - I-Europe Ephakathi ne-Asia Minor. Muva nje, izimbali zezitshalo ziye zaveza izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo ezitholakala emaphethelweni aseMedithera, eCaspian naseMnyama. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cyclamen zihlelwe eNcwadini Ebomvu, phakathi kwazo i-cyclamen Colchis no-Cyclamen Kuznetsov.
Uyazi?I-Cyclamen inamagama amaningi: "i-alpine violet", "dryakva" nabanye.
I-Cyclamen ibonise izindawo ezinobuthi ezinobuthi: ezinye izilwane zilahlekelwe ukuxhumana ngokuxhumana naye. I-Cyclamen njengembali ezimbizeni imelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ensimini yethu: i-Cyclamen Persian (Cyclamen persicum) ne-Cyclamen European (i-Cyclamen Europaeus). Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-cyclamen, kufanele uthole kuqala umehluko phakathi kwabameleli baseYurophu nabasePheresiya.
Kunezingosi eziningi lapho izitshalo ze-botanist ezivela endaweni yokubukwa ethize zitshele konke mayelana ne-cyclamen. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuchaza konke ngendlela elula futhi efinyeleleka.
I-botanist ye-novice, uma ehlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili, kuqala kuzo zonke izintambo zizoqaphela ubukhulu bamaqabunga esitshalo: e-cyclamen yasePheresiya zinamamitha angu-2-4 cm amakhulu, njengezimbali ezinemibala ebomvu kanye nephunga elimnandi. Esinye isici esiyingqayizivele umbala wecala eliphambene lamaqabunga: amaqabunga asePheresiya ase-Persian ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuyilapho eYurophu kunama-violet.
Uma unolwazi oluthe xaxa, khona-ke unake izilimo eziyizigaxa, eziyi-2-3 cm ngaphezulu komhlabathi e-cyclamen yasePheresiya, futhi zigcwale ngokuphelele eYurophu; E-cyclamen yasePheresiya ayingashadile, kanti naseYurophu - ne "izingane".
Futhi uma, ngaphambi kokuya esitolo, ubuye uthintane nezincwadi zokubhekisela ezichaza indlela yokunakekela kahle futhi ukushintsha indawo ye-cyclamen, khona-ke uzofunda ukuthi enye Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zesikhathi sokuthenga: ekwindla nasebusika kuphela ama-cyclamens angamaPheresiya angathengwa ezitolo, kanti ngesikhathi se-spring kanye nehlobo i-European cyclamens isemashalofini.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile, ukwandisa ukuthengisa, izitolo zisebenzisa ulwazi ukuthi ama-cyclamens aseYurophu anenhlamba - lokhu akulona iqiniso!
Yimuphi i-cyclamen elula ukunakekela
Imbali ye-cyclamen yasePheresiya idinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela nokuguqulwa, ngoba isikhathi sokuphumula saleso sitshalo siqala kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSeptemba. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuzala, njengoba ngesikhathi sokuphumula i-cyclamen (isiPheresiya) ingafaka amaqabunga. Futhi, ukunakekelwa kwayo kunzima kakhulu ukuthi kunconywa ukuyihlwanyela kanye ngonyaka, kuyilapho i-cyclamen yaseYurophu ingahlwanyelwa izikhathi 3-4 ngonyaka.
Izici zokutshala i-cyclamen yasePheresiya naseYurophu
Ngakho-ke ungayithanda isitshalo sakho isikhathi eside, udinga ukuyithenga enempilo, khona-ke ngeke kube nezinkinga ngokunakekelwa kahle kwe-cyclamen.
Kubalulekile! Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingcolile, ezingcolile nezonakele ziwuphawu olucacile lwesifo sesitshalo.
Imvelo
Ngaphambi kokuba uthuthele i-cyclamen flower efasiteleni, kuyadingeka ngokushesha emva kokuthenga ukuthumela "ukuhlukanisa" amasonto amabili endaweni eyodwa, futhi uma kungenjalo kungenzeka, okungenani ukuvikela isitshalo kwabanye. Uma emasontweni amabili kungenzeki lutho kuye (akukho mabala avele, akukho amaqabunga awela), khona-ke ungamhambisa ngokuphepha kwezinye izitshalo. Kusukela ezenzweni zakho ezalandela kuxhomeke ukuthi impilo yakho izoba isikhathi eside kangakanani.
Uyazi? I-Cyclamen ayithandi izimbiza ezinkulu.
I-Cyclamen ibucayi kakhulu ekukhanyeni-ayikubekezeli umthunzi kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuningi. Ukukhanya kufanele kube okukhanyayo, kepha kungavamile, kungcono ukukhipha isitshalo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokushisa ekamelweni lokuphila okunethezeka kwe-cyclamen lingu-17 ° C.
Kufanele ube inhlabathi futhi uma udinga ukufaka umquba
Umhlabathi we-cyclamen udinga okhethekile: inhlabathi evamile evela embhedeni eliseduzane ngeke isebenze. Kungcono ukuthenga umhlaba ezitolo ezikhethekile lapho ama-cyclamens athengisa futhi azi konke mayelana nembali.Umhlaba ungcono ukukhetha okuxekethile, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi eziphilayo.
Kubalulekile! DNge-cyclamen, izinga le-acidity (Ph) kufanele kube ku-5.5-6.5.
Okukhethwa kukho kakhulu yi-leaf and sod land, i-humus, i-peat enhle, i-sawdust ne-straw cutting. Kodwa okungcono kakhulu, ngokweziningi, ukhetho - ingxube ye-peat kanye nehlabathi elomile. Uma uqala ukuthenga inhlabathi kumkhiqizi ongaziwa, indlela enhle yokuyikhipha imishanguzo ishisa kuhhavini ngamanzi amaningi (amanzi kufanele aguquke). Lokhu kuzobulala zonke izinambuzane ezinobungozi emhlabathini. Ukuze uthole impumelelo engcono, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate esikhundleni samanzi.
Uyazi? Ehlobo le-cyclamen yaseYurophu ingafakwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa endaweni enomthunzi, futhi ebusika kuyadingeka ukumboza ngama-moss namaqabunga.
Ukudla kwe-Cyclamen kuhle kakhulu uma kwenziwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Udinga ukuqala inyanga ngemva kokuthola imbali. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi i-cyclamen ayithandi i-nitrogen eyengeziwe, ngakho-ke umthamo obhalwe phansi kuphakheji kufanele uhlukaniswe kabili.
Indlela yokuphuza ama-cyclamens
I-Cyclamen kufanele iphuze njalo futhi iningi. I-Cyclamen iyisitshalo esimnandi kakhulu futhi ayikubekezeli ukuma, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kuqaphele ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sehlobo. Kufanele kwenziwe unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izikhathi zezimbali, kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ukunakekela i-cyclamen kuyoba okulungile.
I-Cyclamen kufanele iphuze ngokucophelela: Amanzi kunoma yikuphi okungafanele akwazi ukuwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekumpandeni nasekufeni kwesitshalo. Kungcono ukuphuza amanzi avela ku-pallet noma ebhodweni elikhethekile. Ukwenza lokhu, embizeni lapho isitshalo siphila khona, udinga ukwenza izimbobo ezincane (ubukhulu bomunwe omncane) bese ubeka emgodini (ebhodweni) ngamanzi.
Ukuze uvimbele izifo, ungakwazi ukwengeza i-lime encane emanzini, ngoba i-cyclamen ayithandi okuphakathi kwe-acidic. Ungamanzi amanzi ase-cyclamen kusuka kumpompomp. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi aphelelwe amanzi noma amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside se-cyclamen, ukuchelela kufanele kube okuncane kakhulu, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, kukhishwa njengoba isitshalo sikhula.
Izici ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nokugquma
Abalimi abaningi abangenalwazi, ukutshala i-cyclamen, bayazibuza ukuthi ingafakwa yini. Impendulo yethu inokwenzeka, kodwa kwezinye izimo: uma kukhona uthuli oluningi emaqabunga (khetha isibhamu sophethiza nge-spray omuhle bese uphefa isitshalo kusuka kude ka 25-30 cm) noma uma kukhona indawo yokushisa eseduze, kulokhu kungcono ukuphalaza amanzi azungeze isitshalo.
Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza, okubalulekile ekunakekeleni i-cyclamen ukuphuza kanye nokufaka umanyolo (uma kunesidingo). Ukunakekela isitshalo ngesikhathi esibi kunzima kakhulu.
Okokuqala: isikhathi se-dormancy sinqunywa ngokushaywa kancane kwamagqabi kanye nokuyeka izimbali ezivele ziphelile. Ungesabi ukuthi kuphela i-bulb yembali izohlala ebhodweni. Abalimi abaningi abangenalwazi bayesaba lapho i-cyclamen ihamba, futhi abazi ukuthi benzeni. Eqinisweni, konke kulula. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhodlela elinobhubhe lingcono ukukhipha endaweni epholile futhi ushiye lapho izinyanga ezintathu, ngokwesilinganiso. I-bulb kufanele idliwe ngamanzi amancane (ukuthululela hhayi ku-isibhamu, kodwa nxazonke) kanye kanye namasonto amabili.
Ezinyangeni ezintathu, i-cyclamen izokhipha "ingane", khona-ke uzodinga ukuyibeka endaweni ekhanyayo bese uqala ukuchelela njengasekuqaleni. Ngemva kwesonto, udinga ukwenza umanyolo wezitshalo ezinobuningi.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-cyclamen
Ukuze ukhule i-cyclamen ngaphandle kwezinkinga, udinga nje ukwazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-cyclamen kanye nobuqili ekufakweni kwayo nokuhlwanyela. Uma ufuna ukutshala isitshalo kusuka kumbewu, khona-ke ngaphezu kwezilimo ngokwazo uzodinga: umhlaba (ungathatha ama-violets), amanzi namanzi. Ibhodlela kungcono ukuthenga isimo sendawo, kodwa njengoba kukhona ambalwa kakhulu ekuthengisweni, ungathatha okuvamile.
Kubalulekile! Ububanzi bezansi ebhodweni nobubanzi bezingxenye zawo ezingenhla kufanele kube cishe okulinganayo.
Ngaphansi kwembiza udinga ukugcwalisa amanzi, uthele amanzi amancane (mhlawumbe ngebhodi le-spray), bese ufaka umhlaba. Beka imbewu ngaphambi kokugonywa emanzini bese igonywa nge-napkin kuyo, ukuyibeka kancane. Vala phezulu kwebhodini ngokunamathela ifilimu bese uyibeka endaweni emnyama, epholile. Imbewu ikhula isikhathi eside (inyanga noma ezimbili). Ngalesi sikhathi kudingekile ukuba "emoyeni" i-cyclamen, okungukuthi, ukususa ifilimu okwesikhashana, nokuliphuza kancane. Ukuze kube lula, ungafaka ama-toothpicks eduze nezindawo lapho imbewu etshalwe khona, ukuze ukwazi ukuthi ungaphila. I-Cyclamens ithuthuka isikhathi eside, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okulungile ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuvuna, isitshalo sakho siyokujabulela ngezimbali ezinhle.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Cyclamen
Ukufakelwa kabusha, uzodinga: ibhodlela elisha (elinomgodi ongaphezu kuka-15 cm ububanzi), inhlabathi, ishlabathi ne-humus, i-vermion ne-vermiculite (ukusheshisa ukukhula), ubumba obwandisiwe, ukutshala ihlumela kanye ne-hand-ripper, iglavu, amanzi. Ingaphansi ebhodweni kufanele igcwaliswe ngobumba obunwetshiwe ukuze kuguqulwe futhi kuvimbele ukubola kwembali, bese uthela inhlabathi (izingxenye ezintathu) nesihlabathi nge-humus (ingxenye engu-1). Engeza i-vermion ne-vermiculite ukusheshisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwembali. Umhlaba awudingi ukuba unqunywe.
Ukuze ususe i-cyclamen kusuka ebhodini elidala, udinga ukufaka imbiza ngokwayo ngemicibisholo (ungacindezeli kanzima), bese uthatha i-cyclamen engeni lika-45 ° futhi uhlole izimpande zawo: zikhona yini izindawo eziye zaqala ukubola. Uma kunjalo, unqume, bese ufafaza izindawo ezinqunywe ngomanyolo owomile. Bese utshala i-cyclamen emhlabathini omusha (ukuze i-tuber ibe yingxenye ebheke phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba), manzi. Vumela isitshalo simele imizuzu engu-5 bese sithola umswakama, bese ugcwalisa inhlabathi namanzi futhi.
Beka isitshalo sakho endaweni lapho ngeke uthole ilanga eliqondile, futhi ujabulele ukufutheka nokuqala kwe-cyclamen, ungakhohlwa ukunakekela kahle imbali.
