Abaningi, bebona intuthwane ehlathini, ningamnaki kuze kube yilapho ekhala. Izintuthwane ensimini zingabangela umonakalo ongenakuqhathaniswa. Lezi zinambuzane ziyizivakashi ezingahambelwanga emhlabeni jikelele, zivumelane kahle nezimo zezulu futhi zizala kahle. Izintuthwane zingaba imibala ehlukene, ezinobuthi noma cha, ezindizayo futhi ezijwayelekile.
I-Biology ibhekisela izintuthwane ku-ficicides (Formicidae), ngokuya kwe-Hymenoptera, kanye nama-beps, izinyosi nama-bumblebees.
Uyazi? Izintuthwane zihlala "imindeni" futhi zihlukaniswe ngama-castes: "izisebenzi" kanye "nesisu", ngakho-ke, isibeletho siphila isikhathi eside kunabasebenzi izikhathi ezingu-2.
Izinhlobo zezintuthwane ezihlala ensimini
Lapho kuqala ukushisa abalimi abaningi, abalimi nabalimi bezimbali banenkinga ngombuzo othi: "Ungabhubhisa kanjani izintuthwane." Engadini ngokuvamile kuvamise insimu engadini yamnyama (Lasius niger) - Omunye wabamele abancane kunazo zonke ezinhlobonhlobo zezintuthwane, ngokuvamile ezomhlaba. Ubude bezinambuzane ezinjalo buvela ku-5 mm kuya ku-1 cm. Ngokuvamile, isibeletho sikhula sibe yi-1 cm, kuyilapho izintuthwane ezisebenzayo zincane. Lezi zinhlobo ze-aphid zondla izidumbu ezinambuzane; ngezinye izikhathi umhlambi wezintuthwane ezinjalo ungahlasela isilwane esiphilayo.
Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezihlala eduze komuntu yiyona i-red mirimika. Lezi zintuthwane zinombala obomvu obomvu, ezilinganisa ngo-4-6 mm. Izinambuzane ezinjalo angeke ziphile kuphela ezindlini, emasimini ekhishi noma emahlathini, kodwa ngisho nasezikhungweni eziphakeme. Bahlangana ndawonye emindeni eholwa yisisu. Zondla izinambuzane (ziphila futhi zifile).
Uyazi? Umama obomvu obizwa ngokuthi "izinyosi ezinomsoco", isiteketiso, lezi zintuthwane ezitholile ukulutha umkhuhlane we-aphid.
Enye uhlobo lwezintuthwane ezivame ukuhlangana ensimini yethu inhlanzi ebomvu yehlathi. Yilokho uhlobo sonke esesesaba sonke kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lezi zintuthwane yizona zinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezimelelwa ensimini yethu, ubude babo bufinyelela ku-15 mm. Lezi zinhlobo nazo zithuthukisiwe kakhulu: zizakhela izidleke zokhula namahlumela. Lezi zinambuzane zihlushwa kabi, kepha ukuluma akuyona into enobuthi, futhi uma isilonda sihlanziwe, ngeke kube khona ukulandelela ngemuva kwesonto. Inhlanzi yehlathi elibomvu elibomvu ibhalwe ohlwini olubomvu lwezilwane ezisengozini ze-International Red Book ye-World Conservation Union.
Futhi mayelana nezindlela zokubhekana nezintuthwane, sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko.
Izintuthwane - izinzuzo noma umonakalo
Ngaphambi kwezintuthwane ezincibilikile kusayithi, udinga ukuqonda: yiziphi izintuthwane eziletha izinzuzo, nokuthi zingalimaza kanjani. Inzuzo enkulu yezinambuzane "eziphilayo" endaweni yakini ukuthi zidla izinambuzane zasegadini (izibungu, ama-slugs, izibungu, izimpukane). Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izintuthwane zithuthukise i-aeration yezingxenye zomhlabathi ophezulu. Lezi zinambuzane ezine-asidi yazo zingaqeda i-potassium ne-phosphorus, ezokwenza ukwandise ukusebenza kwazo izikhathi ezingu-2 no-10, ngokulandelana. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuphelisa izinzuzo zezintuthwane. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngomonakalo. Izintuthwane ziyakuthandeka kakhulu, ngakho ziyakhangwa kuma-peonies, ama-roses, izithelo.
Kubalulekile! Ngezimbali eziqhakazayo, ukuhlasela kwezintuthwane akuyona inhlekelele, kodwa kungcono ukuthi ungawavumeli ukuba aye efihlekile, ngoba aqala ukugoqa ama-sepals, futhi ihlumela "lifa" ngaphambi kokuba likhule.Ngokuvamile, lapho sikhetha ama-strawberries, sithola izintuthwane eziningi phakathi kwezihlahla - futhi lokhu kubi, ngoba zakha izidleke lapho futhi lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula kwamajikijolo. Izintuthwane zezinkuni zingavula umuthi wakho othakazelisayo wesihlahla ube uthuli unyaka, ngakho-ke Uma ubona izintuthwane ezihlahleni zezihlahla, zilahlwe ngokushesha. Izintuthwane ngokwazo ziletha ama-aphid nazo, ezithinta isitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwezihlahla ngokumelene nezintuthwane kufanele kuhlanganise nokuvikelwa kwama-aphid.
Indlela yokususa izinkambu zezintuthwane zabantu
Izindlela zomphakathi zokubhekana nezintuthwane ensimini zihanjiswa kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni futhi lokhu akuwenzi ukuba ziphumelele kangako. Indlela yokuqala nokulula ukumba indawo lapho ubuke khona izinambuzane. Ukuze uthole impumelelo engcono, ukumba umhlabathi, ungangeza i-lime, umlotha noma umlotha. Uma izidleke zezimbungulu zibhujiswa, ngeke usabona izinambuzane. Indlela yesibili "ugogo" ukubola u-garlic, anyanisi, ne-parsley ezindaweni lapho izintuthwane ziqoqa khona - lezi zinambuzane azifani nezephunga elibi.
Umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa: "Indlela yokubhubhisa i-anthill ezweni"? Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Enye yezinto ezingabizi kakhulu - uthele amanzi abilayo phezu kwe-anthill noma i-diesel. Ungawufafaza ngomlotha noma uwuthulule nge-sulfuric acid.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenza ne-acid kungcono ukusebenzisa i-respirator nama-gloves.
Ikhambi elihle yilona "ihlombe elimnandi": ingxenye yemvubelo ehlanjululwa ngamanzi abandayo kuze kuhambisane nokukhilimu olukhulu, engeza i-jam encane kule nhlanganisela bese isakazeka ezindaweni zezinambuzane.
Ngokuvamile izintuthwane zihlasela kanye nezihlahla zezithelo. Ukuze uzilahle kuleli cala, ungafakela isixazululo esihlahleni: ingxenye eyodwa yamanzi nengxenye eyodwa yamanzi ammonia. Uma unesikhumba semvu esidala - singase sibe yisivimbela endleleni yezinambuzane. Kumele uthathe iziqephu futhi ziboshwe ezihlahleni nezihlahla endaweni ephakeme ka-15-20 cm. Umphumela uzoba ngcono uma ubuso buphathwa nge-carbolic acid.
Izindlela zamakhemikhali zokubhekana nezintuthwane
Uma usuvele uzame yonke imikhiqizo engokwemvelo futhi ungazi ukuthi uzokhipha kanjani izintuthwane ezimnyama engadini, kufanele uphenduke kumakhemikhali. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lezi zimali azikona "umphumela" waphakade, futhi ngokushesha izintuthwane zizobuya.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme umphumela omubi wamakhemikhali esitshalweni.
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zaziwa: "Ukuduma-2", "uMraracid", "Delocia" ne "Anteater".
Ukuduma-2 enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu, nakuba kuyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Uma leli khemikhali lingena emanzini, khona-ke inhlanzi iqala ukufa. Ngokuvamile ithuluzi lenziwa ezindaweni lapho izintuthwane ziqoqa khona, zifafaza ngenhlabathi entsha phezulu.
"I-Anteater" - ukulungiswa kwamanzi. I-bred in a ratio of 1:10 futhi ukuphuza indawo lapho izintuthwane babonakala.
"I-Muracid" - futhi isisombululo samanzi esitshalo sezinsimu, kodwa kanengi kuphefumululwa noma kwengezwe ku-bait. Ukuze ulungele ukuhlamba nge-"Muracid" udinga 100 g amanzi ukuze ungeze 100 g ushukela no-20 g uju. Spread le ngxube ezindaweni lapho izinambuzane zihlala khona.
"Delicia" - Ikhambi le-powder laseJalimane. Ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: njenge-powder, ukufafaza izinsalela, izidleke kanye nezinambuzane "ezihambayo", futhi njengesisombululo: 10 g we-powder ngamanzi angu-5 l. Lesi sixazululo singakwazi ukusingatha zombili izihlahla zomuthi kanye nomhlabathi.
Uyazi?Ikhambi eliphephile kakhulu "i-Anteater", njengoba ayithinti ama-microorganisms azuzayo ahlala enhlabathini.
Ukuze izintuthwane zingabhubhisi ingadi yakho, i-cottage ehlobo noma idimu lembali ngokungalindelekile, kufanele uvimbele ukubonakala kwabo ngokuphatha izihlahla zemithi ngesisombululo samanzi kanye ne-ammonia egcwele amanzi kanye nemifula yokuqala yelanga kanye ne-powder iziqu ngomlotha ebusika.
