Yonke insimu iyaqiniseka ukuthi imifino ekhulile engadini kufanele ibe nobungane. Ngakho-ke, abaningi abasebenzisi ama-fertilizer emasimini abo. Ukuvuna amazambane amahle kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi ayidluli.
Kubalulekile! Amazambane angakhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka emine. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukufika kwamazambane kudinga ukuguqulwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathola i-hotbed yezinambuzane ezinobungozi nezinambuzane ezizolimaza isivuno sakho.
Uma ulahla ngokweqile ukusetshenziswa kwamakhomikhali amakhemikhali, ama-green mans azosiza (ahlalisa ngokushesha futhi angashiyi izinto ezilimazayo). Ukusebenzisa i-sideratov kungandisa ukwanda kwamazambane akho kusayithi.
I-siderata engcono kakhulu yamazambane
I-Siderata ingaba izitshalo zaminyaka yonke ngesistimu yezimpande ezihlelwe kahle.: i-peas, i-clover enhle, i-lupine, i-sardella, i-alfalfa, i-chickpeas, ubhontshisi, i-lentils, i-soybean.
Izimpande eziqukethe umquba, ukhulula umhlabathi, uthuthukise isakhiwo saso, futhi izikhwebu zivuthwe futhi zihlanganise umhlabathi. I-Siderats iqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kwamaminerali emhlabathini lapho kuhlongozwa khona ukutshala kwamazambane.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo ezinhle zamazambane zidinga i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Emifino (uma isetshenziselwa umquba ohlaza) walezi zinto iningi.
I-siderat enhle yamazambane (naphezu kwephesenti elincane le-nitrogen) ukudlwengula, isinaphi, i-colza, i-fatselia, i-oats, i-rye, ukolweni. Lezi ziko zivikela umhlabathi ukuba ungabi nhlobo, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukucebisa ngamaminerali awusizo. Lapho kuhlwanyela ubusika, lezi zitshalo zizosindisa inhlabathi ekukhunjini okujulile futhi zilibalekele iqhwa.
Uyazi? Kungcono ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yemifino eluhlaza umquba: izitshalo ezinamaphesenti aphezulu azitrogen nezitshalo zithuthukisiwe amaminerali. Isixazululo esinjalo siqinisekisiwe ukwandisa isivuno.
Indlela yokutshala siderata ngaphansi kwamazambane
Ngaphambi kokutshala izimbiza, inhlabathi ikhululiwe - izitshalo kumele zithuthuke ngokugcwele futhi zinike inani elanele lobuningi obuhlaza.
Kubalulekile! 1.5 - 2 kg yembewu ihlwanyelwa ngamakhilomitha ayikhulu e square.
Izimpande zamazambane zihlwanyelwa ekwindla 1.5 izinyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwezulu elibandayo - ngoSeptemba. Imbewu ye-sideratov (okungcono kunazo zonke, okusanhlamvu - zibekezelela kahle ubusika) zihlakazekile ebusweni bendawo, bese zilima nge-rake. Ungatshala imbewu emiphakathini engajulile (2-3 cm ejulile).
Ukuhlwanyela okusha kuhlanganiswe nengqimba encane yomquba. Ngo-May, izivuno zivuna futhi amazambane atshalwe endaweni yawo..
Uma ukuhlwanyela kuhlelwe entwasahlobo, umquba ohlaza kufanele uwele emhlabathini ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (umhlabathi kufanele ufudumele ngo-3-5 cm). Ukuxuba okuhle kakhulu kwe-sedertov yasentwasahlobo: i-oats, ngokuzenzekelayo, isinaphi esimhlophe.
Amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane, izimbambo zigawulwa yi-flat-cutting cutter bese zimba umhlabathi ekujuleni kuka 8-16 cm. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubukhulu obuhlaza buyoba nesikhathi sokubola futhi kube umanyolo omuhle.
Kubalulekile! Ungavumeli izimbali kanye nemfundo kumbewu ye-siderata! Uma ungasusi i-siderata ngesikhathi, khona-ke esikhundleni sokuwasebenzisa uzolimala - ukhula luzovela.
Amazambane esakhiweni, ehlwanyelwe umquba ohlaza, etshalwe ekujuleni kwama-5-6 cm utshala amazambane nge-mustard. Le ndlela yokuthutha inezinzuzo ezimbalwa: Umasiniti ukhulula inhlabathi, "ama-clogs" ukhula, agcina umswakama, esabisa izinambuzane.
Lapho amazambane ashiya futhi lwesinaphi alingana nokuphakama, isinaphi kumele isusweukuze amazambane ahlakulele ngokugcwele. Izitshalo ezinqunyiwe zingashiywa esiteshini, futhi zingasuswa emgodini womquba.
Uyazi? U-3 kg we-green mass of umquba ohlaza uthatha isikhundla sama-1.5 kg omquba.Ukusetshenziswa komquba ohlaza emanzini okutshala amazambane kukuvumela ukuvuna izitshalo ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 kusuka esakhiweni ngaphezu kwesakhiwo esifanayo ngaphandle kokucima.
Kubalulekile! Uma ubuningi obuluhlaza bukhulu, khona-ke buqala ukuguqula umuncu, hhayi ukubola. Uma sideratov ihlume okuningi - yenza yingxenye yomgodi womquba.
Ukutshala amazambane ngemuva kwe-sideratov
Emasontweni amabili emva kokuvuna sideratov ungaqala ukutshala amazambane. Lesi sikhathi sanele i-biomass eluhlaza, inamathela emhlabathini, ukubola nokucebisa umhlaba ngamaminerali.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe emigodini (noma imigodi) kuya ku-5-7 cm ejulile. Ukuze inhlabathi eqhubekayo ikhululeke, kusetshenziselwa ukunye okufana nokolweni noma isinaphi phezu kwamazambane. Indawo enjalo izovumela inhlabathi ukuba ikhululwe yizimbangi.
I-Buckwheat iyakwazi ukunciphisa ubuhle bomhlabathi, ukucebisa inhlabathi nge-phosphorus, i-potassium, nezinsimbi eziphilayo. Kodwa lapho iziqongo zamazambane ziba zilingana nokuphakama nge-sideratami, lezi zinsuku zikhawulwa (amazambane kufanele athuthuke kahle).
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukujikelezwa kwesitshalo: umquba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusayithi njalo ngonyaka usebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene - amasiko ahlukile.
Okuhlwanyelwe emva kokuvuna
Ukuze ukwandise isivuno esizayo esizeni, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izimbambo ngemuva kokuvuna amazambane.
Inhlabathi ihlwanyelwa ama-oats ebusika, i-peas, isinaphi esimhlophe. Ngentwasahlobo, lezi zitshalo ziyanqunywa. Bangashiywa engadini, kancane prikopav noma bafafaze umhlaba. Ukubola umquba ohlaza futhi ube umanyolo omuhle wamazambane.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amazambane asusa kakhulu inhlabathi lapho ikhula khona. Yingakho kufanele ucebise inhlabathi ngomanyolo wemvelo esikhathini esizayo sokutshala.
Uyazi? Uma izimpande nezitshalo eziyinhloko zingomndeni ofanayo, akufanele zikhule endaweni efanayo.
