Ungathanda yini amazambane abasha, kodwa usheshe usheshe? Khona-ke, mbeke ebusika. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kukhona ingozi ethile yokutshala ngaphambi kweqhwa, kepha isivuno siyoba sikhulu kunokujwayelekile, futhi sizovuthwa ekuqaleni. Isimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi yaseningizimu kuzokusiza kulo msebenzi, ngakho-ke ngoMeyi ungadla izitshalo zamazambane kanye nemifino yokuqala. Ungakhohlwa ukucabangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa ebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo lihluka kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-steppe. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi sokutshala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kuzohluka ngokuphelele.
Akuyona isambulo esikhulu, ukuthi amazambane asele emhlabathini ekwindla, emva kokuphela kokuvuna, qala ukukhula ngaphambili. Izimila zikhulile kusuka ezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo, zinamandla futhi, ngaphezulu, ziphikisana ngokucacile nesithwathwa. Ukuvunwa kwala mazambane sekuvuthwe ekuqaleni kokushisa, futhi amahlathi ayo ahlukunyezwa kakhulu yizifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane zezolimo.
Ukujula kokuhamba kuyisici esibalulekile
Indaba ebaluleke kakhulu ekubambeni kwebusika okuphumelelayo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zezambane endaweni evulekile ukujula kwendawo yabo. Ngakho, lezo zilimo eziyizigaxa ezahlala enhlabathini ngokujula kwe-0 kuya ku-12 cm zaqhwaza futhi zafa. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitholakala ngemuva kokulima ngokujula kwezingu-20 ukuya ku-30 cm zizochotshozwa ngendwangu encane kakhulu enhlabathini, kanti amahlumela awo aphuma ebuthakathaka, engaqiniseki.
Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi isendlalelo esiphezulu kakhulu sokusabalala kwasebusika yi-12 kuya ku-20 cm. Inendima nayo idlalwa ngobuningi bezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisele ngaphansi kwembewu. Amahlumela amazambane angaphuma kusuka ekujuleni kwe-20 cm nangaphezulu, uma isisindo se-tuber imbewu singama-gramu angu-100 noma ngaphezulu.
Isikhathi sokutshala sincike ngesimo sezulu: uma umhlabathi ukhululeka kancane ekuseni bese uhluma emini, ungawuhlwanyela.
Kungani ngingatshala amazambane ebusika?
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu sekukhona manje, izinga lokushisa lonyaka likhuphuke ngo-1-1.5 ° C, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinkathi zokukhula kwezitshalo, izifo zabo nezinambuzane zishintshile. Isiphetho esiningi manje sesibe sesikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, kodwa imvamisa yabo iye yanda. Ubusika bubonakala bukhulu, akusekho ushintsho olusheshayo embusweni wokushisa lapho kwakukhona khona, noma ngabe kuncane kakhulu, kodwa okwamanje, ukuqhwaza kwenhlabathi kuze kube ukujula okungakahleleki.
Ebusika, ngokulandelana kwezinto, kudala isikhathi eside, soma ubuso bomhlabathi, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza ensimini.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu esingenhla, kuvele okukhethwa kukho okuvumela ukuthi sikwazi ukusheshisa ukubukeka kwamazambane okuqala, futhi silungise umhlaba ngamagama asendabuko wangaphambili, bese utshala amazambane ebusika ngesikhathi sokufudumala. Okubalulekile, izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ezitshalwe ebusika ngeke zibhekane nenkinga yokungabi khona kwemithombo yamanzi emhlabathini. Futhi, lapha ekutshaleni izilimo eziyizigaxa, ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, isikhathi sokukhula siphuthumayo futhi, uma kwenzeka ihlobo elishisa kakhulu, isikhathi se-tuberization sephuzile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuqhuba umsebenzi yasensimini ngesikhathi sasebusika kunciphisa ubukhulu bomthwalo kubantu kanye nemishini ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sehlobo.
Futhi, kunconywa ukuba ungalimi wonke amazambane okuhloswe ukutshala, ngoba ukutshala amazambane ebusika kuyisitshalo esingozi futhi amathuba okulahlekelwa yingxenye yesitshalo kufanele ahlale ecatshangelwe. Isihluthulelo sokuphumelela ukukwenziwa ngokucophelela kwemisebenzi ephakanyisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngokutshala amazambane ngaphansi komshini.
Imithetho yokutshala amazambane ebusika
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela amathuba okubola okusabalalisa emazambane asetshalwe futhi ukuwavikela ezinambuzanini zenhlabathi, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokulahlekelwa phakathi kwenzalo ebusika.
Ukukhetha izinhlobo zasebusika
Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe neziphakathi kwasekuqaleni zisetshenziswa: Impala, Call, Karatop, Neva, Margarita, Horizon, Santa, Radic, Dymka, Talovsky 110, eSvitanok Kiev, Everest nokunye
Indawo elungiselelwe kahle - isihluthulelo sempumelelo
- Njengoba isuswe isitshalo, isula insimu kusuka esitshalweni sangaphambilini, izinsalela zezitshalo zithathwa nge-disk aggregate ngokushesha, udaba lwezinto eziphilayo lufakwa enhlabathini, luhlwanyelwe ukujula kwezingu-27 kuya ku-cm, kulindele ukuchithwa, kutshalwa.
- Izwe lokufika likhethiwe ukuze imimoya ebandayo enyakatho-mpumalanga ingamthinti. Ukukhululeka kwesayithi kufanele kuvumele ukugcinwa kwemvula endaweni engqimba yenhlabathi ukuze kungabikho ukubola kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zezambane.
Amazambane okupheka ngokutshala
Kwaphela amasonto amabili, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihloswe ukutshala zikhishwa elangeni, emva kokumelela ngaphandle, ziyoba luhlaza. "Ukushisa" kungacatshangwa kuqedile uma izilimo eziyizigaxa ziluhlaza hhayi nje kuphela, kepha ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, okulula ukuhlola ngokusika amazambane ambalwa. Manje, amazambane acebile ku-solanine, futhi izinambuzane zenhlabathi zingenasithakazelo esincane.
Esigabeni esilandelayo - izilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ziphathwe ngokulungiselelwa okusekelwe ku-imidacloprid.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezithathwa ngamasonto amabili zibe yinto engokoqobo yezinambuzane zasendle. Futhi, emva kokuqala kwesithwathwa, izilimo eziyizigaxa ngeke zitholakale kulabo abafuna ukuzidla.
Siphendukela kokubaluleke kakhulu: ukutshala amazambane
Kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu enikezwe ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho.
Izidingo zokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa:
- Ukubukeka - ngaphandle kokulimala;
- Isisindo - kusuka ku-60 ukuya ku-80 g;
- Esetshenziselwa ukutshala engxenyeni yokuqala yobusika - hhayi ehlwanyelwe;
- Esetshenziselwa ukutshala engxenyeni yesibili yobusika - ihlume.
NgoFebhuwari, engxenyeni yesibili, amahlumela ahlume angaba ngu-2 kuya ku-4 cm. Izingozi zeqhwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi zingenani.
Kufanele kube ukujula kokutshala amazambane
Isikhathi sokufika sibhekene lapha, ngoDisemba sine-14-16 cm, ngoFebhuwari kusukela ngo-10 ukuya ku-12 cm.
Ukuhlelwa
70 ngo-20-25 cm, futhi, kuncike ekutheni isikhathi sokufika (uDisemba - njalo ngu-20 cm., NgoFebhuwari - njalo ngu-25 cm.)
Ukuguqulwa ibanga kungukuqapha, ngoba Ezinye amahlumela angeke akhule, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu ekuqaleni kwasebusika kuphakeme kakhulu kunokuphela. Imigqa iyingqayizivele kumoya obandayo ogeleza ukubamba iqhwa, njalonjalo. kufanele kuvimbele ukukhishwa kwenhlabathi emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokudlula, imigqa iyanqwabelana.
Ungakhohlwa ngama-fertilizer:
umquba noma i-biohumus, nezinkuni umlotha (umlotha).
Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuthuthukisa umphumela:
- Disemba - insimu kufanele ihlaselwe ngotshani;
- February - ukumboza nge-agrofibre noma ifilimu.
Amazambane ahluma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli (ezindaweni ezivikelekile), ezindaweni ezivulekile - kamuva ezinsukwini ezingu-12.
Amahlumela avuthiwe kufanele ahlulwe futhi asuse ukhula.
I-Hilling isetshenziselwa ngendlela efanayo yokuqapha ngokumelene nokufika okungenzeka kwamaqhwa kanye namaqhwa angamahlumela amahlumela. Ngaphambi kokuncipha okulindelekile ekushiseni, amahlumela anganisela (ukufafaza).
Uma amahlumela ahlumekile esevele esonakalisiwe, ukulimala akufanele kwenziwe, ngoba kulokhu ukukhishwa kwalolu hlelo lwezobuchwepheshe kungabangela ukubola nokulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angama-30%.
Kuyadingeka ukuba ube nesineke - izinsuku ezinhlanu zizodlula, futhi amahlumela amasha avela emashumini amaqabunga, okungenani angaphansi kwamonakalo, azovela, amazambane azoqhubeka ehluma.
Ezinye izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe zenziwa ngaphandle kokushintsha.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukubaluleka okukhethekile kokucabangela izimo zendawo yezulu lapho usebenzisa le ndlela yokutshala amazambane. Njengoba kungenjalo ukuthi isifunda ngasinye sinalo, ngaphakathi esifundeni singase sihluke, kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokucophelela isikhathi sokutshala amazambane.
