I-sunflower ingenye yezitshalo ezibonakala kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhle nokugqamile, kodwa futhi njengomthombo wamafutha omquba.
Okusemandleni kwalesi siko asikakhululwa ngokugcwele, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha ezintsha ezedlulela abadala ngokulandela izinkomba.
Kuthiwani ngezinhlamvu ezintsha nezinhlobo ezindala ezizoxoxwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Jason"
Lokhu kukhanya kwelanga kuyi-hybrid. Kwaxoshwa eSerbia. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukuphakama kulezi zinhlobo, sikhula ngokuphakama kuze kube ngu-160-185 cm.
Isikhathi sesitshalo sithatha izinsuku ezingu-107-110, okwenza kube lula ukuthi lezi zihlukahlukene zivuthwe kuqala. Ibhasikidi elithi "Jason" liyingayizi ephakathi, enobubanzi obufinyelela ku-18-24 cm, elincane.
Imbewu iyi-gray-striped, amafutha kuwo angama-49.7-50.4%. Imbewu engu-1000 isisindo esingama-93 g. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuvuthwa kwezitshalo ze-Jason hybrid sisatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo.
Isiqondiso setha njenge i-oilseed. I-Parzirichnost ne-huskiness yembewu i-99.7% no-21-22% ngokulandelana.
Isivuno esiphezulu ngehektare ngalinye lingamathani angama-4-4.2 ama-sunflowers. Izimila zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula ngokuthula ezimweni zokutshala okukhulu, aziwa, ziphikisana kahle nokulala, kodwa zingaba nesomiso esinzima nokushisa.
Ngokuqondene nezifo, akuyona uhlobo olulodwa lwamame ayolimaza leli gafula, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubola zingalimaza isivuno.
Hlunga "Lux"
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwe-sunflower kuwumphumela wokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene uDonskoy Koroplodnoy. Ngenxa yokuthi "umzali" onjalo omuhle, ama-sunflowers ahlukahlukene okunethezeka hhayi ezithintekayo izifo ezihlukahlukenelokho kushaya okuthiwa i-confectionery sunflowers.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhiqiza kakhulu, kodwa iqembu layo elivuthiwe lokuvuthwa. Imifino ibambezelekile, ngokwesilinganiso, ngezinsuku eziyi-100-105, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa i- "Lux" njengezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala.
Isivuno sikhulu kakhulu, isilinganiso samathani ayi-3.2-3.4 ama-sunflowers ngehektha ngalinye lezinsimu. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuhle ngoba kunakho imbewu enkulu kakhulu, isisindo sezingcezu ezingu-1000 sifinyelela ku-135-145 g. Ama-nuclei amakhulu, eduze kwezindonga zembewu ayizinzile kakhulu.
Lapho ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungafinyelela ku-175-185 cm, futhi ibhasikidi lilingana no 25-27 cm, linomumo omncane we-convex, futhi liyancipha. I-Oiliness ingu-44.4%, futhi izingubo zingama-20%.
Izinhlobo ze-sunflowers "Lux" aziphathelwanga nhlobo ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlobo lwe-broomrape, ukubola, i-verticillosis ne-fomopsisom, kodwa kungase kuthinteke kancane ngesikhuthazi. Futhi leli gafula uyisitshalo esikhulu somuncu. Ebhekene nokumelana okukhulu nesomiso, ikhula kahle kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi nesimo sezulu. Ngokuba "Lux" ukuqina ezibulalayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Oreshek"
Yadalwa ngenxa yokuzalisa izinhlobo ze-confectionery isiqondiso "Gourmand" nesithi "SEC". Ikhuluma ekukhuleni kokuqala. Kufanelekile ukukhula kunoma yiziphi izimo ezifanele ukulima kwalesi siko.
Izinhlobo ze-sunflower "Oreshek" ephansi, isilinganiso esingu-160-170 cm, zikhula ezinsukwini ezingu-103-104. Imbewu ye-sunflower yombala omnyama, ihlanganiswa nemivimbo ye-longitudinal yombala omnyama omnyama.
Ukuma kwenzalo yi-oval-oblong, ubukhulu bezinhlamvu ezinkulu - 1000 ezilingana no-145-150 amagremu lapho kwenzeka khona imigomo yokulima.
Izimila ziyaqhakaza zivuthwe ndawonye, imbewu iboshelwe ngisho nasezimo ezimbi kakhulu zezulu. Iphesenti yamafutha emithinini yi-46-50%.
Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu, ngehektha ngalinye lamahektha angu-3.2-3.5 okuvunwa. Unomkhuhlane we-genetically innate ukuze ugqoke ama-broomrape kanye ne-sunflower moths, futhi cishe awunakunqotshwa ukunqotshwa kwe-downy powdery isikhutha ne-Phomopsis.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo eziphelile zamapheya.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Gourmand"
"Abazali" balezi zinhlobonhlobo yi-biotypes yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze "SPK", ezikhethwe ngokukhethekile.
"I-Gourmand" iyinhlobonhlobo ehlukahlukene-yokuvuthwa ephakathi ukhula ngokushesha - izinsuku ezingu-105-110. Ukuvuna nokuvuthwa kuvumelanisiwe. Izitshalo ziphakeme kakhulu, zize zifike ku-1.9 m, ibhasikidi incishisiwe, idonsela endaweni yokugxilisa imbewu ye-sunflower, ngobubanzi obuphakathi.
Ukuvunwa okuhle , Aba-31-35 abaphakathi kwe-1 hektare yendawo. Inhloso yezinhlobonhlobo ikhona yonke indawo, ngoba, ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhle, le mbewu ifanele embonini ye-confectionery, futhi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu (50%) wembewu yabo, kungenzeka ukwenza umkhiqizo.
Umkhiqizo wamafutha uzoba cishe amathani ayi-1.4 ngehektha ngalinye. Imbewu ngokwayo inkulu, ihlukaniswe, izingcezu ezingu-1000 zesisindo zizofinyelela ku-130 g. I-Medonos kusuka ku- "Gourmet" ihle kakhulu.
Futhi, lezi zitshalo azidingi ama-pesticides ngesikhathi sokulima, njengoba zingakhula zibe usayizi othakazelisayo futhi ezimweni ezimbi. Awupheli ekushiseni, akanciphisi futhi akaqambi amanga. I-immune imhino, i-broomrape, i-powdery isikhutha.
Hlunga "Phambili"
I-Hybrid. Ngenxa yokukhetha, ngathola ukumelana ne-sclerotinia, izinhlanga ze-sunflower broomrape kanye ne-fomopsis. Cishe azihlupheki ezinhlobonhlobo zokubola kanye ne-downy isikhutha.
Ikhomba izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo-zakuqala. Imifino ithatha izinsuku ezingu-104-108. Ezigaba zokuqala zikhula ngokushesha, azihlupheki ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama nokushisa okuphezulu, iziqu azifaki, futhi izitshalo ngokwawo zivuthwe kakhulu, futhi ukuphakama kweziqu kuzo zonke izinsimu kuyafana, okwenza kube lula ukuvuna.
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kufinyelela ku-182 kuya ku-187 cm. Ububanzi bebhasikidi buyi-15-20 cm, ngokwakheka kancane kancane, kunciphisa phansi. Isiqondiso salolu hlobo lwe-sunflower ye-hybridi, njengoba iphesenti lamafutha emifino emgodleni ufinyelela ku-49.3-49.7%.
Imbewu ye-Huddle ne-armor yi-21-22% ne-99.7%, ngokulandelana. Imbewu ngokwalo iminyene, imnyama, imivimbo nayo ibumnyama, yobukhulu obuphakathi. Isisindo sembewu engu-1000 sihluka cishe ngo-90 g, izitshalo eziyi-97% zikhulile. Abantu abangama-43-44 bezitshalo bangavunwa ngehektare ngalinye.
Hlunga "u-Oliver"
I-hybrid yokukhiqizwa kwe-Serbian ngezikhathi ezincane zokuvuthwa (izinsuku ezingu 90-95). Izitshalo ngokwazo ziphansi, 135-145 cm ukuphakama, musa ukugxila, ngesistimu enamandla enezimpande ezingena ku-1.5-2 m ngokujulile. Amabhasikithi aphakathi komzimba amancane, ngakho-ke alahlekelwa amanzi, ngisho nasemkhakheni wokuqina kwezinhlamvu ze-sunflower.
Imbewu iphakathi, evulekile, ifaka amaqanda, amnyama, isisindo sezingcezu ezingu-1000 ngu-60-70 amagremu. I-carapace yembewu ithuthukiswe kahle, ukuchithwa kungu-22-24%.
Amafutha embewu okungenani angama-47-49%, anquma ukuqondiswa kwama-sunflowers ala mafutha ahlukahlukene. Umkhiqizo wamafutha u-1128 kg ngehora elilodwa. Isivuno singamaphesenti angaba ngu-23.5 ehektheleni, kepha ngokucophelela nokutshala okufanele, lesi sibalo singafinyelela kuma-cent cent 45.
Ngokuqondene nezifo, noma amazolo angcolile, noma imfucumfucu, noma imvukuzane ye-sunflower iyolimaza izitshalo zalolu hlobo. Futhi lawa ma-sunflowers anele ukumelana okukhulu nesomiso nokushisa.
Ibanga "Rimisol"
I-sunflower ye-hybrid yesiqondiso somnqumo. Isikhathi sokukhula sephuzile izinsuku ezingu-106-110. Izinhlobo ze-sunflower "i-Rimisol" ibonakala ngokukhiqiza kwe-nectar ephakeme, kanye nokuntuleka kokuphendula ukungabi nomswakama. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwezitshalo kusuka endaweni engamahektare angu-1, ungathola abantu abangaphezu kuka-40 bezitshalo, okuyisikhombisa esihle.
Izimila zokuphakama zifinyelela ku-140-160 cm, ne-stalk ekhulu kakhulu, inani elikhulu lamaqabunga, uhlelo lwempande oluthuthukile, oluzo "thola" umswakama ngisho nangama-1.5-2 m.
Ibhasikidi eRimisol elilingana no-19-22 cm, linyatheliswa phansi, lixhumane, kunalokho lincane. Imbewu emnyama, ihlukaniswe, ilinganisa izingcezu ezingu-1000, ngokwesilinganiso, 75 g.
Ezimweni zokuqala zentuthuko, izitshalo zikhula ngokushesha. Amafutha ase-cores aqukethe cishe ngo-46-48%, izinkomba ze-hunginess zigcinwa ezingeni lika-21-23%. Ukuphikisa ukulala nokulahla kuphakeme kakhulu.
Futhi tshala ivikelekile ekugqibeni nasezinjini, cishe ayitholi i-fomopsis, kodwa idinga ukwelashwa kuzo zonke izinhlanga ze-broomrape.
Ibanga elithi "Atilla"
Ibonisa izinhlobo eziphezuluIvuthisa ngezinsuku ezingu-95-100. Amahlumela okuqala angabonakala kakade emva kwezinsuku ezingu 58-60 emva kokutshala.
Unamandla okulwa nezifo ezinhlobonhlobo, iphila kahle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Izitshalo ngokwazo ziphakeme (160-165 cm), nebhasikidi elithambile, elilingene nenxenye, elifinyelela ku-22-24 cm. Iphesenti lamafutha ezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu yi-51-52%, kanti ukulala kunama-20-22%.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isivuno somkhiqizo singama-40 c / ha, kodwa esikhathini esizayo, wonke ama-52 c. Izitshalo zikulinda kahle izinguquko zokushisa, ukuntuleka komswakama nokushisa.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezifo azithinti ama-sunflowers kulezi ezihlukahlukene, ngisho ne-Phomopsis, i-rust nazo zonke izinhlobo zokubola. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ngokwanele nenundu le-sunflower.
Ibanga "Prometheus"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakudala, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu.
Izimila zinesikhathi sokufaka ngokugcwele ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-95. Ziyinto ephansi kakhulu (140 cm), ngebhasikidi ephakathi nendawo yobubanzi obuyi-18-22 cm.
Isivuno esingahle singamaphesenti angama-38 ehektheleni ngalinye, isilinganiso sesigcinwe kuma-25-27. Imbewu engu-1000 isisindo esingaba ngu-65-70 amagremu, amafutha avela ku-50 kuya kuma-52%.
Ukubekezelelana kwesomiso kulezi zitshalo ze-sunflowers kuhle kakhulu. Kukhona nokuzivikela komzimba okumelene ne-broomrape, i-downy isikhutha, nokugqwala. Ukubola kungonakalisa isivuno esincane.
Izimila ziphendula kahle ngokugqoka okuphezulu.
Hlunga "i-Flagship"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala i-sunflower enenkathi ekhulayo yezinsuku ezingu-90-94. Isivuno esingenzeka singama 36 kg / ha. Izitshalo zide kakhulu, ezingaphezu kwamamitha amabili ukuphakama.
Imbewu ihlukaniswa, i-oval, imbewu engu-1000 izokala u-60-65 g.
Iqukethe amafutha amaningi yemifino - kuze kufinyelele kuma-55%, okwenza leli gaba elibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-sunflower kuhlukile high tech, uphendule ngokugcwele isizinda sezolimo. Ngokushesha ivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zendawo lapho lezi zitshalo zikhule khona. Ayithinteki yi-powdery isikhutha, i-broomrape, futhi ibekezelela kakhulu i-fomopsis.
Ama-sunflowers - isiko elinenzuzo kakhulu. Uma uthengisa inani elikhulu lomkhiqizo, ungathola inzuzo enhle, hhayi kuphela ngemali, kepha futhi ngendlela yamafutha yemifino.
