Imfuyo

Indlela yokondla kahle izinkomo

Uma uthenga izinkomo ezincane noma isilwane esisikhulile kakade, ngokuqinisekile ufuna ukuthola imiphumela ngesimo somkhiqizo nemikhiqizo yobisi.

Ukuze uthole ukukhiqiza okwanele, izinkomo kumele zondliwe kahle.

Kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-fattening, ngayinye yazo enezici zayo.

Yiliphi isu elizolilandela lifika kuwe.

Ngokuvamile, noma izilwane ezincane noma izinkomo eziye zalahlwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zivunyelwe ukuzondla.

Ngokwesilinganiso, inqubo yamathole e-fattening ihlala ezinyangeni ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-6, futhi izilwane ezindala zingenziwa ngezikhathi ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezingu-4. Zonke izilwane kufanele zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu, futhi lapho amaqembu ehlukene ngokufanayo, kungcono imiphumela ye-fattening.

Endabeni yesisindo esithola izilwane, indima ebalulekile idlalwe yizimo zokuboshwa, ikakhulu ebusika. Izilwane ezifiselekayo ubophe esitokisini, banikeze ukufinyelela mahhala kulabo abasebenzisa iziphuzo nokuphuza.

Igumbi lapho inkomo noma inkunzi igcinwa khona kumele kube uhlelo lokuphuza umoyaokuyinto okufanele isebenze ngisho ebusika.

Uma ukulungiswa kuhlelwe ukuba kwenziwe ehlobo, ngakho-ke kufanele uhlomise indawo ekhethekile emgwaqweni, ngaphezu kwalokho okudingeka ukwenze, lapho okudingeka ubeke khona abaphuza kanye nabahlinzeki.

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinkomo ezinamafutha: okukhulu nokugquma.

I-fattening enamandla

Le ndlela yokuncelisa ihloselwe ukukhula kwemisipha, hhayi fat, izixuku zamathole amancane.

Izilwane ezincane zidla ukudla okuncane kunezinkomo ezindala ukuze zithole isisindo esingu-1 kg. Njengengxenye ye-fattening ejulile yokuzuza isisindo sika-1 kg, amathole aneminyaka engama-15-18 ezinkathi adla isilinganiso samayunithi angu-7 kuya kwangu-7.5 kokudla.

Ngokuvamile, izinkomo nezinkomo ezincane zenyama zihambisana namafutha amakhulu, noma amathole avela esizukulwaneni sokuqala abazalwa lapho bewela izinkomo zobisi nezinkunzi zenyama.

Kodwa okuhle kuphumela ngesimo esihle sokuzuza isisindo futhi kuboniswa ubisi oluncane, inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi. Uma sicabanga ngesibonelo sekhonkritha, amathole kaSimmental, Schwyz, Black-and-White kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningana zilinganiselwa ku-350-400 kg kakade eneminyaka engu-17-18.

Lapho kuhlatshwa lesi sitokisi esincane, inyama ibonakala ibe yekhwalithi ephakeme kakhulu, kodwa namanje, inani lamanoni lihanjiswa izinkomo ngenjongo yokudla inyama.

I-fattening enamandla ingahlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezimbili:

  • owokuqala - kuze kube yisikhathi lapho ithole lifinyelela esisindo sika 400 kg
  • owesibili - kuze kube ithole lifinyelela kwesisindo sika 650 kg.

Kubalulekile ukuqala ukondla abasha ngale ndlela lapho isikhathi sokuphela kwesidumbu siphelile, futhi sekuyisikhathi sokudlulisela ithole ekuphaleni okungaphezulu noma okuncane "okudala".

Isisekelo sokudliwa kwezinkomo ezinamandla kakhulu high quality corn silage. Kuyinto ikhwalithi edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ngcono ukudla, enkulu kuyoba inzuzo yesisindo isilwane.

Uma ungazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwesilikhi lokuthenga, khumbula lokhu uchungechunge lwezidingo okumele kuhlangatshezwe kulokhu okuphakelayo:

  • Iphesenti yendaba eyomile kwi-silo kufanele ibe sezingeni lika-32-35%
  • Izinhlobonhlobo kumele zilungile, okungukuthi, esiswini sesilwane, okungaphezu kuka-73% wezinto eziphilayo kufanele kugcinwe.
  • I-fibre engcolile akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0.2 kg kilogram ngayinye yendaba eyomile
  • Amaprotheni angcolile kufanele abe okungenani ama-70-90 g ngekhilogremu yendaba eyomile

Uma umhlabathi we-corn siyanzima noma awunakwenzeka ukuwuthola, ungashintshwa nomkhiqizo ofanayo owenziwe izitshalo ezigcwele zezitshalo. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi isilwane sidinga ukunikezwa inani elikhulu le-silage, ngoba liyi-corn silage engamandla kakhulu.

Akunconywa ukusebenzisa utshani we-silage, njengoba ithole lizothola amandla amancane lapho lidliwa, okuyinto eqinisweni, elizoholela ekudingeni ukucebisa ukudla ngokujwayelekile, kanye nokulibazisa inqubo ye-fattening enamandla.

I-silage yesikhumba idinga ukufakwa nge-okuthiwa i-feed egxilile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walolu hlobo lokuphakelayo ibhalansi. Njengoba kunesiprotheni esincane esomile ku-silo, ukudla kufanele kuhlanganiswe nezinto ezakhiwe ngeprotheyini.

Imfuyo encane idinga amaprotheni amaningi kuze kufike phakathi kwenqubo yokugcoba, futhi emva kwalokho umthamo wesiprotheni akufanele ukwandiswe.

Iphesenti yamaphrotheni ene-fattening ejulile kufanele ilingane no-22-24% kokudla. Njengolwazi olunjalo, okuphuziwe, i-soya noma isidlo sakolweni, kanye namabhontshisi wefolda noma ama-peas aphelele.

Ukugxila kumele kube ngekhwalithi ephakeme kakhulu. Ukondla imfuyo enesifo noma isikhunta akuvumelekile.

Esikhathini sokuqala, ama-40% wokudla okuphelele kufanele awele ekuphaleni okuqukethe amaprotheni, kanti esikhathini sesibili inani kufanele lihliswe libe yizinga lika-28-30%. I-2 - 3 kg yokugxila ngosuku izoba ithole elanele elinesisindo esilinganiselwe.

Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izinkomo ezincane ngamavithamini nama-microelements azuzayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kudalwe izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezizokhokha ukulahlekelwa kwamakhemikhali okubalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni izilwane.

Ukudla kwemfuyo kufanele kulungiswe nge-phosphorus ne-calcium (isilinganiso esingu-1: 2). I-sodium nayo ibalulekile, enganikeza izilwane ngokubondla ngosawoti.

Ngokuvamile ukudla okumbiwa ngamaminerali kwengezwe ekugxileni ku-2 - 3% wemali yalezi zinsuku, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ezincane zinikezwa ama-premix ama-premix ahlanzekile enani lika-60-80 g ngalinye ikhanda ngosuku.

Uma sifingqa futhi sakha izici zenkathi ngayinye yokuqeda ngokwehlukana, singathola iziphetho eziningana.

Isibonelo, esikhathini sokuqala isilwane kumele sikhulise ngamandlaokungukuthi, imikhonzo izoba njalo nsuku zonke.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinkomo ngayinye kufanele zinikezwe ngo-1 kg we-hay noma isililage, i-1 kg yokudla, equkethe amaprotheni, kanye no-1 - 1.2 kg wezinto eziqukethe amandla.

Phakathi nenkathi yesibili, inzuzo yesisindo izoncipha, kanti izilwane kudingeka zinikezwe amavithamini. Ngakho-ke, inani le-silage elinikeziwe kufanele linciphise libe yi-0.5-0.6 kg, 1 kg we-protein feed kufanele inikezwe, kanye no-1.5-2 kg we-feed-rich rich.

I-fattening yesitayela

Njengengxenye yaloluhlobo lwe-fattening, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla zingasetshenziswa, isibonelo, isisindo se-beet, i-bard ne-molasses, ama-pulp pulp, umgibe nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokudla.

Ukudla kwesitoko esincane kuyadingeka ukuba kuhlanganiswe ngokugxila kanye nokugubha. Unganciphisa noma yisiphi isilwane ngendlela ezinzile: kokubili abasha nabadala.

Inqubo yonke kufanele ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezimbili: okuqala (ihlala izinsuku ezingu-30), ephakathi (ihlala izinsuku ezingu-40) futhi yokugcina (ihlala izinsuku ezingu-20). Isikhathi ngasinye kumele sibekwe ngokuhambisana nokudla okuhlukile.

Ukudla okuncishisiwe kunganikezwa izilwane ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-70, bese kuzodingeka wengeze ukudla nenani elikhulu lokugxila.

Kudingeka ukudlulisela izilwane ekudleni okusha kancane kancane, cishe izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-8. Ukondla umbuso kuyafana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-fattening - ukudla okudliwayo kufanele kube ngu-3 kuya ku-4. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izinkomo ngamanzi anele.

Inzuzo esikhathini sokuqala iyoba ngaphezulu, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi amaprotheni, amafutha namanzi atholakale emzimbeni wesilwane.

Esikhathini sesibili, inzuzo yesisindo iyancipha, njengoba inqubo yokuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwezicubu ze-adipose iqala.

Esikhathini sesithathu, inzuzo yesisindo izokwanda futhi uma usebenzisa ukudla okunempilo.

Ukutshala izinkomo nge-pulp kubhekwa njengendlela enhle kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kuqukethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, i-calcium. Kodwa kulokhu, ukudla kuzodinga ukwengeza ukudla, okuqukethe amaprotheni, i-phosphorus namafutha. Futhi Ukudla kumele kuhlanganiswe nokudla okunamaphrotheni, bone bone kanye nosawoti.

Ekuqaleni, isilwane kufanele sifundiswe ukuba sidle inani elikhulu le-pulp. Inqubo yokuzivumelanisa kufanele ihlale okungenani izinsuku ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-7. Ngosuku, inkomo endala kufanele inikwe u-65 - 80 kg we-pulp, kanye nethole - 40 - 50 kg. Lezi zibalo kufanele zinciphise ekupheleni kwenqubo yokuqeda amandla.

Ukudla okunomsoco kuzokusekela inqubo yokugaya, ngakho-ke kudinga ukunikezwa ngesibalo se-1 - 1.5 kg ngesisindo sezinkomo eziphilayo eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. I-hay izofaneleka esitokisini esincane, futhi kungcono ukunikeza utshani obusika entweni ezikhulile.

Uma ukugcoba phezu kwebhadi kungcono ukusebenzisa amazambane noma isinkwa sebhedi. Lesi sondlo siqukethe amanzi amaningi (kuze kufike ku-94%), futhi indaba eyomile iqukethe inani elincane lamaprotheni. Ngokuvamile, izinkomo kufanele zitholele lolu hlobo lokudla.

Izilwane zosawoti zidinga ukunikezwa ngobuningi obungenamkhawulo. Inani elilinganiselwe lentengo elinikezwayo lilingana no-15 - 20 kg wamabhadi ngesisindo sezinkomo eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Kufanele kube khona ekudleni kwe-hay. Kungathululelwa nge-barda eshisayo, ikakhulu ngoba izilwane zizodla ukudla okungcono.

Nsuku zonke, ama-7-8 kg we-hay kufanele anikezwe izinkomo ezindala nezinkunzi, futhi 4-6 kg kuzokwanela ngamathole. Ukudla okuxutshwe kanye nebhali noma ummbila wezimmbi kufanelekile njengoba kugxila. Nsuku zonke, isilwane ngasinye kufanele sinikezwe i-1.5-2.5 kg yokudla okugxilisiwe.

Ukuze uhlangabezane nesidingo somuntu omdala we-calcium, ngokuvamile isikhala sinezela ukugxila (70 - 80 g we-choki nge-100 g ngosuku).

Ukuze ugweme ukuvela kwesifo esivamile kakhulu - i-bard snapper - izilwane zidinga ukondliwa nge-roughage (1 kg ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 ebhedi) futhi zigcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zomswakama.

I-Silage ingaba izinkomo ezikhuluphele ngenkathi ebandayo. Kulokhu sebenzisa ummbila uhambe ama-silos we-sunflower.

Futhi ekudleni kufanele kube khona utshani, ufulawa, ugxila kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zefolishi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugcwalisa ukulahlekelwa kwamaprotheni, izilwane zinikezwa, kanye ne-silage futhi igxila, urea. Lapha, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umthamo, ngakho-ke okungaphezu kuka-40-50 g we-urea kufanele ifakwe enhlokweni yezinkomo ezincane, uqobo u-80 g we-compound kufanele unikezwe izinkomo ezikhulile.

Uma i-silage egcwala ama-20 - 30% ekudleni kufanele igxilwe.

Uma ubala ngama-kilogram, khona-ke ikhanda ukusetshenziswa kokugxila kuyo yonke inkathi ye-fattening yi-200 - 250 kg. Ngosuku, izinkomo ezindala nezinkunzi kufanele zinikezwe u-35-40 kg we-silage, kanti intsha izoba ne-30 kg yokudla.

I-Chalk nosawoti kumele kube khona ekudleni (10 kuya ku-15 g we-first and 40 kuya ku-50 g yesibili). Isikhathi sonke sokunwetshwa kwe-silage yesitoko esincane akufanele siphele isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-90, futhi izinkomo ezindala zingagcinwa ekudleni okunjalo izinsuku ezingaba ngu-70.

Lapho kuqala ihlobo, zonke izinkomo zingcono ukuhumusha ekufakeni ifolishi eluhlaza, kodwa ngokungeziwe kokugxila.

I-40 - 80 kg yemifino iyokwanela isilwane esisodwa (konke kuxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala), futhi ukugxila kufanele kunikezwe kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-2.5 kg ngosuku. Njengomthombo we-sodium Kuyinto enhle ukunikeza izinkomo usawoti.

Uma ufisa, ungakwazi ukugcoba izinkomo zakho nezinkunzi ukuze ukwazi ukumangala umphumela. Futhi umphumela ngeke ube kuphela emanzini okukhiqizwa inyama, kodwa futhi ngekhwalithi yayo.

Ngakho-ke zizwa ukhululekile ukudlulisela izinkomo ekudleni okukhethekile.