Abamele izinkomo baye bahlala ekhaya isikhathi esithile.
Emagcekeni amaningi emadolobheni ungabona izinkomo ezimbalwa, ezithandwa kakhulu ngabanikazi babo.
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo zezinkomo ezingaphezulu kwezingu-1200 zibhaliswe emhlabeni, kodwa phakathi kwazo kukhona umehluko phakathi kobisi, inyama kanye nobisi, nezilwane zenyama.
Iminyaka eminingi, izinkomo zemikhakha eminingi ejwayelekile zikwazi ukukhipha izinhlupho eziningi.
Ngakho-ke, yilezi zindawo, futhi zonke izindawo ezintathu, manje sezidume kakhulu.
Cabanga nabo eduze.
Ukuzalwa "isi-Kazakh esimhlophe esimhlophe"
Lolu hlobo lwezinkomo lukhona kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kwadalwa izifuyo ezivela eKazakhstan ngokuxuba izinkunzi zaseHereford nezinkomo zendawo.
Kungenxa yezici "zabazali" izinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh iqinile kakhulu futhi baqonde ngokugcwele igama labo ngenkomo yenkomo.
Njengoba lokhu kuyinkomo yenkomo, khona-ke umthethosisekelo wezilwane ufanelekile. Umbala oyinhloko walolu hlobo ubomvu, khona-ke izingxenye zomzimba ezinjengemilenze, ukushayela komsila, ikhanda, isisu, nokudakala kumhlophe.
Umzimba wezinkabi nezinkunzi zalolu hlobo unesimo esifanelwe umgqomo, ama-fenders aqinile kakhulu futhi aphikisana kakhulu.
Imisipha ithuthukiswe ngokuphelele, amathambo aqinile. Imisipha yifushane kodwa inamandla. Isikhumba sinwebeka esimweni, izicubu ezingaphansi kwegazi zithuthukile kahle. ehlobo, uboya balezi zindebe buba mfushane, bukhanye elangeni, futhi bushelelezi kuze kuthinte.
Ebusika, isikhumba se-scalp siba namandla, izinwele ziba zide, ngezinye izikhathi zinyama.
Izinkomo zingathola isisindo esikhulu se-540 - 580 kg, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zihlala isisindo singafinyelela 800 kg.
Izinkunzi zingathola okungaphezu kuka-950 kg. Ukusebenza kobisi kuluhle kakhulu. Ngonyaka, inkomo eyodwa ingaveza kusuka ku 1000 kuya ku-1500 kg ubisi ngamanoni ama-4%.
Izinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh zinamaphesenti amaningi (90-96%). Uma kuhle kakhulu ukuthobisa inkunzi, i-percentage yenyama kusukela ebukhulu bayo bayoba ngu-60-65%.
Lolu hlobo lwezinkomo aluzithobeki ekudleni, ngokushesha luvumelanise nezinguquko zokushisa, futhi futhi luhamba ngesivinini esheshayo esithola isisindo.
Uma izilwane ezincane zikhunjulwa ngokweqile, bese ezineminyaka eyi-15-18 zizofinyelela ku-450-470 kg ngesisindo.
Isikhumba semfuyo yalezi zilwane sisetshenziswa ngokuqinile embonini efanele ukuze uthole isikhumba esiphezulu sekhwalithi. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okwanele kwe-musculature, inyama yezinkomo zalolu hlobo iqukethe okuqukethwe kwamafutha aphakathi, kepha kunomsoco kakhulu.
Ukuzala "I-Hereford"
Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoluhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu lwezilwane ezivuselwa ukukhiqiza inyama. Umbala obomvu obomvu walezi zinkomo uyisisekelo, kodwa ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zinombala omhlophe.
Lezi zinkabi zihlungwe ngokuhambisana nenjongo yazo yokudla. Ukuma komzimba kulezi zinkomo kungumumo wemigodi, ngokwayo kunkulu kakhulu, kubonakala kunciphile kancane.
UFench usho ngokugqamile. Ingemuva ububanzi, ubude obufushane. Isifuba sijulile futhi sinamandla. Izimpondo zifushane kepha zinyanyisiwe. Kukhona inqwaba esikhumbeni. Isikhumba ngokwawo sincane futhi sinwebeka.
Isisindo somuntu omdala singasuka ku-850 kg kuya ku-1 ithoni, nezinkomo ezivela ku-550 kuya ku-650 kg.
Izinkomo zase-Hereford zivame ukunconywa ukuba zihambe. Futhi nabo ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha kakhulu. Inyama "imabula" ngempela, yekhwalithi ephezulu. Cishe u-60% wesisindo senkomo inyama.
Izinkomo zalolu hlobo ziqinile kakhulu, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ivikelekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo zezinkomo, futhi ivumelane ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha noma izimo zezulu.
Lezi zinkomo bahlala isikhathi eside, njengoba bangaphila kusukela eminyakeni engu-15 kuya kweyishumi nane, kanti ukukhula kwezezimali kulo lonke impilo kugcinwe cishe ngezinga elifanayo.
Umlingisi zikhulu kakhulu ezolile, abakwazi ukushaya umuntu. Lapho kuzaliswa izinkomo zaseNetherford, imali eningi ngokwanele ingagcinwa ekudleni, ngoba lezi zilwane zingadla noma yikuphi ukutshala emasimini, okungukuthi, ngisho nokhula kanye nobunzima obunzima kakhulu.
Njengoba kuyinkomo yenkomo, izinkomo zalolu hlobo azikwazi ukuvunwa, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhipha izinkomo inkomo ingaveza u-1000 - 1200 kg ubisi ngokuqukethwe kuka-4%.
Ukuzala "Bestuzhevskaya"
Lolu hlobo lwezinkomo lwakhiwa isikhathi eside kakhulu - phakathi nekhulu le-18. Injongo lezi zilwane zinomhlaba wonke, okungukuthi inyama kanye nobisi.
I-suit enkulu ibomvu, kodwa ukuhluka kungahluka. Ngesinye isikhathi kukhona izinkomo nge-cherry isikhumba ithoni. Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zingase zibe nombala omhlophe.
Kulezi zilwane, konke kuhlanganiswe kakhulu ngokuvumelana - nemisipha ethuthukile kahle, kanye nomzimba ngokujwayelekile. Umzimba walezi zinkomo uhlangene kodwa ukhululekile.
Inhloko encane, intamo imfushane kakhulu, ngemuva kwenza umzila oqondile. Imilenze yifushane, yenza ukwesekwa okwanele ngenxa yenqubo yokubeka. Ngezinye izikhathi ungabona abantu abanezimilenze zabo ezineminyama ezibunjwa njenge-saber, okwenza lezi zilwane zibe yingozi.
Isikhumba sithandeka, sinwebeka. Isibeletho sizungezile noma senziwe ngendebe, i-lobes iboniswe kahle, futhi ivolumu yenani lembongolo likhulu ngokwanele. Izinsipho zibekwa kahle.
Ngokuqondene nesisindo, izinkunzi zingathola ithani elilodwa lesisindo somzimba, kanti izinkomo zingabi nesisindo esikhulu, isilinganiso esingu-500 - 530 kg.
Ubisi, lezi zinkomo zinika okuningi, isilinganiso esingu 3000 - 5000 kg ngonyaka ngomthamo we-fat kuze kube ngu-4%. Lapho kuhlatshwa u-60% wesisindo siwela enyameni.
Izinkomo zaseBestuzhev zikhuthazela kakhulu ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekileEbusika, bangadliwa nge-roughage, abathinteki ohlwini lwezifo. Ukumelana ne-leukemia nesifo sofuba kuyinzalo.
Ukuzala "Simmental"
Izinkomo ze-Simmental zifakwe ukuze zithole kokubili inyama nobisi. Izwe lakubo lalezi zilwane yiSwitzerland.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yezinhlobo ze-Simmental inombala ogqamile noma okhanyayo, kodwa kukhona nabantu abomvu obomvu noma obomvu namhlophe kanye nekhanda elimhlophe. Uma isilwane singenasici, impumu, ama-hooves kanye nezimpondo zizoba mhlophe noma zibomvu.
Umzimba walezi zinkomo uqotshwa ngokuqinile futhi ngokulinganayo. Ikhanda likhulu, libukeka libukeka, ububanzi bebunzi. Isifuba sijulile, amathambo anamandla, futhi emuva kuvulekile.
Imisipha ezilwaneni zalolu hlobo zikhula kahle. Lezi zinkomo zikhuni, zinobuningi obuningi bomthamo omkhulu kanye nezinsipho ezinkulu ezinama-conical noma cylindrical. Izisindo kunjalo bazuza okuningiIsibonelo, isisindo senkomo singalingana no-620 kg, nezinkunzi zingadla kuze kufike ku-1 ithoni.
Ngomzimba omuhle we-fattening uzoba izinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okuhle kwemisipha enyameni iqukethe amafutha angaphezu kuka-12%. Mayelana nokukhiqizwa ubisi, izinkomba zixhomeke endaweni yezulu lapho izinkomo zikhuliswe khona.
Esikhathini sezulu esifudumele, inkomo izonikeza umthamo omkhulu wobisi - 4000-5000 kg.
Lezi zilwane zizithoba kakhulu, zizolile, zisebenze, futhi aziphathelani nezifo eziningi.
Inzuzo enkulu yezinkomo ze-Simmental ukukhula okusebenzayo kwemisipha, ngenxa yokuthi inyama ayinamafutha kakhulu. Kodwa ezinye izilwane kungenzeka ukuthi zibikezele ukungalungi kwalolu hlobo. Isibonelo, kunezinkomo lapho imilenze engalungile isethwe, yehlisa emuva noma engakathuthuki indawo engaphambili ye-udder.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nezinhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu zenkomo ekuqondiseni inyama.
Ukuzala "Auliekol"
Lezi zilwane zavela maduzane futhi zinezimpande zaseKazakh. Isizathu salolu hlobo sihlanganisa abameleli abafanelekayo bezinhlobo zezilwane - izinkomo ze-Sharolese, Aberdeen-Angus nezinkomo zendawo. Lolu hlobo lwalukhethwa ngokukhetha ngokucophelela, ngenxa yokuthi kwakungenzeka ukuthi lusondele ngokusemandleni emazingeni angaphandle.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinkomo ngokuphelele akukho izimpondo, okuyi-70% yezinkomo ze-komoly. Umbala oyinhloko walezi zilwane ubuhlaza obukhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kunamandla, umgqomo. Ebusika, izilwane zinezinwele ezinzima, ezivimbela ukuncibilika ngokweqile kwezilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, lolu hlobo lubaluleka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho ebusika izinga lokushisa lingadonsa kakhulu, kodwa izinkomo ngeke zilahlekelwe isisindo esikhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkomo ze-auliekol kwenzeka ngesivinini esheshayo. Izinkunzi zingalinganisa ithoni engama-1, futhi izinkomo zingathola isilinganiso esingu-550 kg isisindo. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemisipha enhle inyama yalezi zinkomo iphansi ngamakhilomithaizinga elihle kakhulu. Cishe ingxenye engama-60% yesisindo esiphezulu sezinkomo yenyama ye-marble.
Ikhono lokuvumelanisa nezilwane zalolu hlobo luhle kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuphila kalula ezimweni ezimbi.
Isici salezi zilwane ezinhlobonhlobo i-stratification yesikhumba hhayi emigqeni engu-2 - 3, kodwa ngo-4 kuya ku-5. Ukondla izilwane ngokungenakuzithoba, udle cishe noma yikuphi utshani. Ukuthanda kakhulu ukuhamba, futhi akudingi izimo ezikhethekile zokunakekelwa nokugcinwa.
Ukuzala "I-Red Steppe"
Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sezinkomo zalolu hlobo yizobisi, kodwa kukhona nezinkomo ezinjalo nezinkunzi, ezifakwe emfashini wokuhlatshwa inyama futhi zithole isivuno esihle.
Njengoba umbala oyinhloko walolu hlobo lwezinkomo ubomvu, igama lalezi zilwane linikezwe ngokufanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi umbala ungase uhluke, kodwa uhlukanisa kusuka obala obomvu kuya obomvu obomvu. Isibeletho nemilenze ingaba mhlophe. Ezinkunzi, ngemuva nangemuva kungase kube mnyama.
"Ubisi" balezi zinkomo bubizwa ngokubonakala. Umgogodla wabo ulula, futhi isibungu sisekude futhi sincane kakhulu. Inhloko encane, intamo ifinyelele futhi ide, kulokho ungabona amaphuzu amaningi. Ijaji lembambo lincane kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ejulile.
Isifuba asizange sakhiwe. I-loin ibubanzi obuphakathi, isikhathi eside, i-sacrum ngezinye izikhathi iphakanyiswa. Isisu sinamandla, kodwa imisipha yodonga lwamathumbu inamandla, ngakho-ke i-peritoneum ngokwayo ayilandi. Izembatho ziqondile futhi ziqinile. Ukhula luyindilinga, ithuthukiswe kahle, lukhulu ngokwanele, lukhuni.
Kukhona abantu abanomuthi ongakhiwe ngendlela engavamile, amasheya awo angathuthuki ngendlela engafanelekile, noma ifomu lezilwane ngokwalo alilungile.
Izinkomo ezibomvu zezinkomo zijwayele ukujwayela yonke into ngokushesha, ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibi. Ukushisa noma isomiso akusizi kakhulu lezi zilwane. Izinkambo zokuhamba kubo kuyasiza kakhulungoba bangadla cishe noma yikuphi imifino.
Ingaphandle ingahle ibhujiswe ngesifuba esincane noma izitho ezingahambanga kahle.
Imisipha yezinkomo ezibomvu zenyuka ikhula kahle, futhi ayikwazi ukuthola isisindo esikhulu. Uma inkomo ithole kathathu, isisindo sayo sihluka phakathi kuka-450 no-510 kg.
Lezo zinkunzi, ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeda insemination, zivame ukukhululeka ngokukhethekile, ngakho isisindo sayo singaba ngu-800-900 kg. Okuqukethwe ubisi kwezilwanyana zalolu hlobo yi-3500-4000 kg yobisi wamafutha angu-4%.
Ukuzala "Brown Schwyzka"
Lezi zilwane zazalwa eSwitzerland ngekhulu le-14. Uhlobo luyisisekelo sezinhlobo eziningi eziningi manje ezithandwa kakhulu ngabelusi.
Izinkomo zalolu hlobo ziwubala obomvu kakhulu, kepha ama-shades ahlukile - kokubili ukukhanya nokumnyama. Ezinkunzi, yonke ingxenye yangaphambili yomzimba ibumnyama.
Ngokwabo, izilwane zinkulu, ziqinile. Umzimba ubude. Naphezu kokuthi ikhanda lincane, ikhanda likhulu kakhulu, izimpondo zinde futhi zimnyama emaphethelweni. Intamo encane.
Isifuba sivame kakhulu, sitshalwe ngokujulile, i-dewlap isuke ithuthukiswe kahle, ngemuva kwenza i-flat flat. Umthamo omncane owodwa, ojikeleziwe noma owomakhelwane. Amathambo anamandla. Izembatho zincane, kodwa ziqinile, zihlelwe kahle.
Imisipha ithuthukiswe ngokwemvelo. Isakhiwo sesikhumba sinesidumbu, kodwa umcibisholo omncane nowonwebekile, obunzima, omfushane ukhona kuwo wonke umzimba.
Inkomo endala ingaba ngu-800 kg, nenkunzi - kuze kufike ku-1 ithoni. Isivuno senyama sinama-60%. Ikhwalithi yenyama inhle kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza ubisi oluphakathi kuka-3 500-5000 kg ubisi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nobisi obisi-10,000 kg bungadakwa kwenkomo, kanti iphesenti lamafutha liphakeme (3.8-4%).
Impilo eSilwyz izinkomo imnandi kakhulu, inamandla. Bahlakulela masinyane. Babeletha kalula, futhi ngenkathi izinkomo zihlala zivuthiwe. Ubumnene bezinkomo buzolile, bajwayele ukusheshisa ngokushesha.
Kodwa futhi izinkomo ze-swiss zanele okukhethile ekudleni. Kudingeka banikezwe izimo ezinhle. Banikeza nobisi kancane kancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abakwazi ukubhekwa nhlobo ngomshini, njengoba kwezinye izilwane ama-nipples abekwe ngokungalungile.
Yonke imfuyo yezinkomo inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, kepha uma usulungele ukubekezelela lokhu, khona-ke ukukhetha kungokwakho. Inhlanhla.
