I-Quail Egg Incubation

Ukufakelwa kwamaqanda okugwaza noma ukuthola izigwaca ezincane?

Esinye sezici zezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ziwukuthi ngenxa yokuzalana, zalahlekelwa ngokuphelele amaqanda amaqanda.

Njengokuzikhethela, ungafaka amaqanda ezinkomo ngaphansi kwamajuba asekhaya, izinkukhu, izinkukhu.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, sebenzisa ukuhlukahluka okungafani kwama-incubators wokuqothula izinkukhu ezincane.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha uhlobo oluthile lokufakelwa i-incubator, izici eziyinhloko zenqubo yokufaka incubation ngokwayo zihlala zingaguquki futhi zingaguquki ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo.

Inqubo yokufakela amaqanda ama-quail akuyona inkimbinkimbi, kulula ukukwazi ngisho nokuqala, uma ulandela imithetho eyisisekelo.

Imigomo yokukhetha amaqanda ama-quail okufakelwa ukufakelwa

Isilinganiselwa esimaphakathi sezingwegwe ngesikhathi sokufakelwa okufakelwayo kungu-70%.

Izici eziningi zithinta imiphumela yokutshala, okuyinhloko yilezi: ikhwalithi lamaqanda (isisindo, ukuma, iminyaka yobudala besifazane nabesilisa), umoya wokushisa umoya, ukucindezela, izinga lokushisa, umswakama ku-incubator, ubuningi bamaqanda okutshala.

Ikhwalithi lamaqanda okukhushulwa ngokuyinhloko kuncike ekutheni okuqukethwe kwe-broodstock, ukondliwa kwamadoda nabesilisa, iminyaka yabazali, isilinganiso sezinsizwa zobulili.

Ukuze uthole amaqanda aqhaqhazelayo kunengqondo ukuqukatha okuthiwa imfuyo yokufakelwa (noma imfuyo).

Amadoda amaduna kufanele akhethwe kwezinye izinkomo, njengoba lezi zinyoni zizwela kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni okuhlobene. Ukukhiqizwa ekuhlanganisweni "okuhlobene eduze" kunciphise ama-50%, kanti izinga lokufa kwezilwane ezincane liyakhula kakhulu.

Amantombazane okukhulelwa akhethwa ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-8. Esikhathini esizayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda abo kugcinwa, kepha amaphesenti amaqanda ahlwanyelwe ayancipha, ngakho-ke amaqanda abesifazane asebekhulile kunezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili asetshenziswa kangcono njengokudla.

Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwebesilisa kudlula izinyanga ezintathu (kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala), emva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukuyiguqula intsha.

Imfuyo yokutshala imfuyo yenziwa isimiso samantombazane amathathu namane ngokwesilisa. Lezi zibalo zihamba phambili kakhulu, ngoba uma inani lezinsikazi ngesilisa elilodwa lingaphezulu, izinga lokuzala lokukhiqiza amaqanda liyanciphisa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isibonakaliso esiphezulu se-hatchability.

Ukubhanqa kwamahhala nakho akunawo amanani aphezulu.

Isisindo esihle samapayipi ezinzipho zokugcoba

Ukuzalanisa izilwane zezigwaca (isibonelo, uhlobo lukaFaro) kufanele ukhethe amaqanda anesisindo esingama-12-16 amagremu, kanye nokukhiqiza izikhiqizi zezigwaca (isiqondiso seqanda) - 9-11 amagremu.

Amaqanda akhudlwana, kanye nezincane kakhulu zinikeza imiphumela emibi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi lapho ikhula intsha. Amaqanda amakhulu angaba nezikhupha ezimbili, futhi kusukela kumaqanda amancane, njengokubusa, izigwaca zichitha kancane kancane.

Ifomu lesifanele lamaqanda ezigwaca zokutshala

Ungafaki amaqanda amancane kakhulu noma amakhulu kakhulu. Amaqanda kumele akhethwe alungile, amaqanda ahlotshisiwe, angaxilwanga kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lokukhula kwe-calcareous kugobolondo akuvumelekile. Igobolondo kufanele ibe nenani elincane lokuguqulwa, hhayi umbala omnyama kakhulu. ukuhlukaniswa kwehlukaniso amaqanda akufanele abe angcolileNjengoba ziqala ukuwohloka, ukutheleleka kwamaqanda angomakhelwane kanye nokwehla kokugxila kwenzeka encane.

Uma ngesikhathi sokubeka esitokisini ayikho inombolo edingekayo yamaqanda ahlanzekile, khona-ke ukungcola kungacocwa ngesisombululo se-3% se-potassium permanganate futhi kuvunyelwe ukuthi somile.

Ungakwazi ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamaqanda wezigwaca ze-incubator ngosizo lwe-ovoscope. Lolu uhlobo lwe-X ray, olunika ulwazi oluningiliziwe kuma-quails. Ngalo, ungaqhuba ukukhipha kwamaqanda akufanelekile ukufakwa ekufakweni. Leli qembu lifaka:

  • amaqanda anezikhupha ezimbili;
  • ukutholakala kwezinhlobonhlobo zamabala kumaprotheni ne-yolk;
  • ukuqhuma okuncane kugobolondo;
  • uma i-yolk ibambelele kugobolondo noma iwa ekupheleni okubukhali;
  • uma amakamelo omoya ebonakala ekugcineni okubukhali noma eceleni kweqanda.

Ngamunye wethu angakha i-ovoskop. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isilinda encane ngobubanzi beqanda. Ukwakhiwa kwekhadi elifanelekayo lekhadibhodi noma iphepha elikhulu noma i-tin engenalutho. Ekupheleni ukufaka isibani sokukhanya.

Amaqanda kufanele agcinwe ngo-18 ° C. Ukuze uphuthukiswe ngokuphumelelayo akufanele ugcine izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, naphezu kokuthi amaqanda okusetshenziswa komuntu, angagcinwa cishe izinyanga ezintathu.

Uma amaqanda agcinwa cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi, ngaphambi kokuthi abekwe ku-incubator, iphesenti elingenakuqedwa ngeke lidlule 50%. Akusizi ngalutho ukuqoqa inani elidingekayo esikhathini eside, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yemibungu izobhubha kakade emaqanda, futhi amaphesenti angenakuqedwa ngokushesha ancipha ngosuku ngalunye oludlulayo.

Kodwa-ke, kunabalimi abathile abangakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokukhukhumeza amaqanda amaqanda avamile avunyiwe ezitolo zokudla.

Kuhlala kungenakuphikwa ukuthi ukungahloniphi, kanye nokusebenza kwe-stock esincane, kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni izinga kanye nokusebenza komsoco wezinga lokukhushulwa kwabantu. Ukwakhiwa kwamaqanda, ukwakheka okuqhubekayo nokukhula kwemibungu, ukuqina kwalaba abasha kuthinteka ngokudla okunomsoco wesondlo esidliwe esikhwameni somshukela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-Embryonic kunamaphutha ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinyoni zezinyoni ekuthunjweni, ngokuntuleka kwefriji eluhlaza kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ngenxa yokuhlangana okuhlobene eduze.

Ukuqothula ama-egg incubation regimes - izici ezikhethekile zokuqothula

Uma uthola ulwazi kwi-Intanethi ukuthi ukugwaza kwezigwaza kungu-100%, ungakholelwa imithombo enjalo.

Kulula kakhulu ukuphikisa lolu hlobo lwolwazi, ngisho nasezimo ezifanele zokuboshwa, izinga lokuzalisa amaqanda ezigwaca alingu-80-85%, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso elingenakuphikwa lokusebenza kwemvelo yezigwaca.

Umphumela wokufakelwa kokufakelwa okungajwayelekile kudlulele umkhawulo we-70-80%. Le miphumela, ngaphezu kwezizathu ezingenhla, ithonywe yizici:

  • izici zesakhiwo se-incubator;
  • umswakama;
  • ukushisa;
  • i-ventilation;
  • ukucindezela

I-incubator ingaba nemiklamo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene, into eyinhloko ukuthi iyasebenza, ifakwe kahle futhi ifakwe ne-thermostat. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi iqukethe umsebenzi wokushintsha amaqanda ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa akukho lutho olwesabekayo, uma lingekho, akulula ukwenza lokho ngokwakho.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Embryonic kuyoba kuhle, uma uhambela ngokuqinile emodweni edingekayo.

Ukulungiswa kwe-incubator - Izinkanyezi ezidingekayo

I-incubator ngokwayo, ngaphambi kokubeka okudingekile ukulungiselela, lokhu kusebenza ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlambulula ngamanzi ahlanzekile, afudumele, bese usulalisa nge-quartz noma isibani se-formaldehyde, bese uyomisa kahle.

Okulandelayo Kunconywa ukubeka i-incubator amahora angu-2-3 ukufudumala, kuyadingeka ukuba ulungiselele ngaphambilini futhi uqiniseke ukuthi usesimweni esihle.

Kanjani ukubeka amaqanda ezigwaca ku-incubator?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubeka amaqanda ama-quail ku-incubator: eqondile futhi enezingqimba.

Iphesenti lokungahloniphi, ngalezi zindlela ezimbili zokubhukimakhi, cishe kufana. Phakathi nemiqulu, amaqanda endaweni eqondile egoba kancane (ngo-30-40 ° C), futhi ama-horizontal aqhubekile ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi.

Ithebhu enezingqimba ikuvumela ukuba ubeke amaqanda amaningi ku-incubator, futhi kancane-kancane.

Akwenza umqondo ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ithebhu enezingqimba, ngale ndlela yanele nje ukusakaza amaqanda onetha. Kodwa ngokubeka ngokuqondile kunezinto eziningana.

Okokuqala, ukuze ubhukumise kudingeka ukulungiselela amathrekhi, ngoba iqanda alikwazi ukufakwa. Uma kungekho amathreyi esithombeni, angenziwa kusuka emathrethini ajwayelekile epulasitiki ngamaqanda amabili angama-quail.

Esitokisini ngasinye, yenza imbobo engamamitha amathathu (kulula kakhulu ukwenza isilenge esishisayo), bese ubeka amaqanda ngokuphela kokukhomba, uma uyibeka ngenye indlela, kuzodala ukuhlukumeza.

Indlela yokubeka amaqanda ku-incubator ikuwe, uma-ke, lesi sici asichaziwe emiyalweni ye-incubator ngokwayo. Konke kuxhomeke ekubeni khona noma ukungabikho kwenqubo yokuguqula, kanye nobukhulu kanye nohlobo lwe-incubator.

Amazinga okushisa ahlukene okwenziwa kwezigwaca ngezikhathi ezahlukene

Isikhathi sonke sokukhipha izigwaca singahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: I-isikhathi sokufudumala, II - eyinhloko, III-isikhathi sokukhipha. Ngezansi sizobhekana nomunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.

Inani lezinsuku: izinsuku ezingu-1-3

Ukushisa: 37.5 -38.5 ° C

Umswakama: 60-70%

Ukuguqulwa: Asikho isidingo

Ukushayela: Asikho isidingo

Inani lezinsuku: izinsuku ezingu-3-15

Ukushisa: 37.7 ° C

Umswakama: 60-70%

Ukuguqulwa: Izikhathi ezingu-3 kuya kwezi-6 ngosuku

Ukushayela: Kukhona

Inani lezinsuku: izinsuku ezingu-15-17

Ukushisa: 37.5 ° C

Umswakama: 80 -90%

Ukuguqulwa:Asikho isidingo

Ukushayela: Kukhona

Isikhathi sokuqala sokutshala - ukufudumala

Ubude bale nkathi yizinsuku ezintathu zokuqala. Ukushisa ngalesi sikhathi ku-incubator akumele kube ngaphansi kwe-37.5 ° C, ukuphakama kuvunyelwe u-38.5 ° C.

Ekuqaleni, i-incubator izofudumala kancane, njengoba lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda abandayo. Kudingekile ukulinda kuze kube yilapho amaqanda ashisa kakhulu futhi emva kwalokhu kuphela ukulawula ukufudumala, akucebisi ukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi udinga kakhulu gcina amehlo ekushiseni. Uma emahoreni owokuqala ubeka u-38.5 ° С kumlawuli, bese kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinga lokushisa lingakhuphukela ku-42 ° С, into eyinhloko ukuthi lezi ziqu kufanele ziqaphele abalimi bezinkukhu ngesikhathi futhi zilungiswe ngesikhathi.

Izikhathi ezinjalo zixhomeke ngokuphelele kwi-incubator ekhethiwe. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ngezigaba zokuqala usethe izinga lokushisa olulungisiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-incubator ngaphandle kwamaqanda. Kulesi sigaba, asikho isidingo sokuqhuma futhi siphe amaqanda.

Owesibini, noma oyinhloko, isiteji sokutshala iziqu zamaqanda

Ukuqala kwesigaba sesibili sokufakelwa ukushisa kuwela ngosuku lwesithathu - lwesine, kuqhubeka kuze kube usuku lweshumi nanhlanu. Kulesi sigaba, ukuguqula njalo, ukuphalaza, nokushaya amaqanda njalo kubonisiwe (uma kungekho imisebenzi enjalo ngokuzenzakalela emshini wokufakelwa, kufanele wenze konke ngokwakho, ngesandla).

Abalimi bezinkukhu abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa isigaba sesibili sokukhushulwa vula amaqanda kathathu kuya kasithupha ngosuku. Yiqiniso, uma i-incubator inomsebenzi ozenzakalelayo wokuguqula amaqanda, kuzoba lula ukuyenza, futhi uma kungenjalo, le mvamisa izokwenza ukuthi uphile eduze kwe-incubator.

Ukungaboni kahle kubhekisela enkambisweni yokuguqulwa akunakwenzeka, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuze umbungu ungabambeli kwigobolondo futhi kamuva awufi.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa alidluli uphawu lwe-37.7 ° С -38 ° С.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi kusukela ngosuku lwesithupha kuya kwesikhombisa, amaqanda azoshisa ngokuzimela futhi anikeze ukushisa ku-incubator, ngenxa yalokhu ukuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-incubator kungakhuphuka ekushiseni kuka-38 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lingase lenyuke ku-40 ° C. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa kumele lilungiswe ukuze ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeke ezingeni lika 37.5 ° C, kucatshangelwa ukukhuphuka okungenzeka kokushisa.

Uma usebenzisa okokuqala okokuqala, kungabangela ubunzima, ukusebenzisa okunye kuzoletha isipiliyoni esibalulekile nokuqonda zonke izici.

Iphesenti elingenakunyuka liyakhula uma amaqanda aphelile ngezikhathi futhi avumelana ngomoya ngesikhathi sokutshala. Inqubo yokuguqula izophinde ibe njengokupholisa (uma kwenziwa ngesandla).

Ngemuva kwesithathu i-incubator kufanele ivuliwe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku isikhathi esifushane. Ekuqaleni, imizuzu engu-2-3, ngokushelela, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokugxilwa, ukuletha umoya onjalo kumaminithi angu-20. Ungesabi le nqubo yemvelo, ngoba emvelweni abesifazane besifazane baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye isidleke baphuze badle.

Imibungu yezigwaca, uma kuqhathaniswa nemibungu yezinye izinyoni, iyancipha kancane kancane ukuphazamiseka isikhathi eside ekunikezeni ugesi ku-incubator. Ezimweni lapho izinga lokushisa e-incubator lingahle lifinyelele ku-18 ° C ngezinkathi ezide, inani elikhulu lezigwaca lifakwe ngokuphumelelayo, ngemuva kwesikhathi esincane kunezintambo ezilindelekile.

Ungaqonda ukuthi endaweni ethile enqubo wenza iphutha uma izigwaca zingakhulumi emva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nesikhombisa. Ukuze uqinisekiswe ngokugcwele, ungacimi i-incubator ngezinsuku ezinhlanu.

Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nokudla izigwaca.

Imigqa yokukhipha - isikhathi sesithathu sokukhushulwa

Kusukela ngosuku lweshumi nantathu kuya kweleshumi nesikhombisa kuqala isikhathi sokuqeda.

Ngosuku lweshumi nesithupha, kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, amaqanda kufanele athuthelwe kumculi (kuye ngokuthi umklamo we-incubator).

Lezi amathreyi akufanele avuleke phezulu, njengoba izigwaca zingagxuma ezinhlangothini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphenduka nokuphalaza amaqanda kuyeke ngokuphelele, futhi umbuso wokushisa uhlelwe ku-37.5 ° C.

Amaphuthaavunyelwe phakathi nesikhathi sokunamathela embusweni wokutshala izidakamizwa kubonakala yizici eziphawulekayo zegobolondo ezikhukhula:

  • Uma isiqalekiso senzeka ekupheleni okubukhali - lokhu kubonisa ukungabi khona kwe-air exchange.
  • I-nestling ngeke ikwazi ukukhipha igobolondo yodwa uma kunomswakama okweqile.
  • Inkukhu ngeke isuke iqanda, uma umswakama usezingeni eliphansi, yonke into ichazwa ukoma nobunzima bekhanda.

Uma ukukhushulwa kwezigwaca kwenzeka ezimweni ezifanele, isiqalekiso segobolondo sizoba sesiphethweni sokuphela kwesibindi. Ungazami ukusiza izinkukhu zishaya, uma zingenamandla okwanele ukunqoba amaqabunga amaqanda ngokwawo, akungabazeki ukuthi inkukhu enjalo izosinda esikhathini esizayo noma izoba nempilo enhle.

Izinga lomswakama: sinquma izinkomba ezifanele ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokufakelwa

Esikhathini sokuqala nesesibili sokukhungathwa, kuyadingeka gcwalisa amathangi amanziuma kukhona okunikezwayo kudivayisi yokufakelwa i-incubator. Uma bengekho, khona-ke kufanele uvuselele iziqukathi ezinjalo ngokwakho.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala nesesibili, qiniseka ukuthi kunamanzi njalo emathreyini, uthele njalo.

Esigabeni sesibili kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi qapha ngokucophelela izinga lokumswakama emshini wokufakelwa. I-indicator akufanele iwele ngaphansi kwe- 60-70%. Amaqanda atholakala ngokufuthwa kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuphenduka okulandelayo.

Akunakwenzeka:

  • spray ukuze amanzi ageleza.
  • ukufafaza cishe masinyane emva kokuvula isembozo emaqanda ashisayo, lokhu kuzomethusa umbungu. Kumelwe silinde kuze kuphele amaqanda kancane kancane. Isikhathi sokuphenduka sizosebenza njengokupholisa kancane.
  • vala isembozo ngokushesha emva kokuphalaza, ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-condensate, kubalulekile ukukwenza ngomzuzu nengxenye, ngemuva kwekhasi elikhanyayo.

Kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi incubator inomswakama ophezulu, cishe 90%. Ukutholakala kweziqukathi ezivulekile ngamanzi ngesikhathi sokuqothula kungaholela ekufeni kwezinkukhu. Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, qiniseka ukuthi izigwaza azikwazi ukungena kuzo.