Ukuthola ingulube entsha nekhwalithi ephezulu ekhaya akuyona inzima kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi baya esinqumweni sokubamba iqhaza ekukhuleni kwezingulube, ikakhulukazi uma behlangana ngokuphindaphindiwe namafake inyama futhi "hhayi imikhiqizo yokuqala".
Ngakho-ke, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo sekuye kwaqoqwa kakhulu, okwenza kube khona ngisho nasesiteji somqondo ukuba uqeqeshwe kahle, futhi ukutadisha izinzuzo nokuziqhenya ekukhuliseni izingulube.
Siphinde sanquma ukunikeza isihloko kulokhu ukuze sikwazi ukukuqonda ngokuyisisekelo sezinhlobo zokukhethwa kwezihlobo, ukulungiswa kwezimo ezidingekile zokuboshwa kanye nezinye eziningi, okuzosiza nakanjani kunoma yimuphi umfuyi wezingulube.
Imfuyo yezingulube: yikuphi okungcono ukukhetha ukukhiqiza okuphezulu?
Kuyinto engacacile ukusho ukuthi inhlobo eyodwa noma enye iyakufanelekela ukuzalanisa ekhaya kunzima. Phela, iningi lezinhlanga ezikhona namuhla zingazivumelanisa ngokubili kokuqukethwe komuntu ngamunye nokulima endaweni yezimboni.
Kunoma yikuphi, okuqukethwe kwekhaya kuzobe kusasebenza kakhulu ukuthola isisindo somzimba.
Lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwezingulube, cishe udinga ukunaka ukuthi uhlobo luni lokusebenza, nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo oludingayo.
Ekuzaleni kwezingulube, okulandelayo kuvelele. izinhlobo lezi zilwane:
- Uhlobo lwengulube yama-Greasy
Kusuka egameni layo kubonakala ukuthi injongo enkulu yezilwane ezinjengaleyo ukuthola inani elikhulu lamathishu noma amafutha amanoni. Ngokwemvelo, inyama ku-carcass nayo ihlala inomboro enkulu kakhulu, kodwa lapho ineminyaka engama-0.5 ubudala ezingulube ezinjalo, ukukhula kwezicubu ze-muscle kuye kancane kancane.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswe izicubu ze-adipose ngokukhethekile. Isidumbu esisodwa salolu hlobo singaqukatha amafutha angama-40-45%.
Inani lezinyama ezidumbu zezingulube zama-greasy zingafinyelela ku-53%. Ngaphandle, lezi zikhumba zihlukaniswa nomzimba wabo okhuni futhi obanzi.
I-front of the body ivame kakhulu kunomhlane, kanti i-ham nayo ifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zezingulube zama-greas ziyihlathi lase-Ukraine, iMirgorodskaya, Omnyama omnyama, isiHungary iMangalitsa, eBerkshire.
- Inyama noma i-bacon izingulube
Lolu hlobo lubonakala ukuthi izicubu zezilwane zesifuba zikhula kakhulu, kuyilapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ezinamafutha kungasese ngemuva.
Izinhlobo eziningi zalolu hlobo zingaziqhayisa ngokukhula okusheshayo kwenzalo yabo: ngokudla okunempilo nokunamandla, ezineminyaka eyi-7-8 yokuphila bayakwazi ukufinyelela inani lamakhilogremu angu-100.
Ngokuvamile, inani lenyama elikhiqizwa esilwaneni esisodwa sezingulube ezinjengezi-58 kuya kwezingu-68%, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi lesi sibalo singafinyelela ku-80%.
Inani lamathambo adipose lingashintsha kusuka ku-21 kuya ku-32%. Ngomzimba womzimba, izingulube zezinyosi zivame ukuvuthwa, nesifuba esingenalutho.
Loluhlobo lwengxenye yangemuva lukhula ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yalokho, lukhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kwesayizi ngaphambili.
Phakathi kwalabo ababamele izingulube ze-bacon kufanele kubizwe ngokuthi ingulube enkulu ye-English, i-Duroc, i-Landrace, i-vislobryukhuyu yase-Vietnamese, i-bacon yase-Estonia, iPietrain, iTamvors.
- Uhlobo lwezinhlobo zezingulube zomhlaba wonke
Lolu hlobo lunegama elinye - inyama. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bafinyelele emdala, abamele lolu hlobo bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inyama eningi yethenda.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi bayakwazi ukuthola inqwaba ye-fat ngokuqinile. Ngokuvamile, isisindo sivela kubo masinyane, ngisho nokudla okujwayelekile nge-waste waste.
Ngokuvamile, isibonakaliso senani elitholakala esithombeni esisodwa singahluka kusuka ku-53 kuya ku-65%, kanye nezicubu ezinamafutha - kusuka ku-29 kuya kuma-37%.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zezinkomo zenyama yengulube.
Yiziphi izimo zokugcina izilwane ezifuywayo njengezingulube?
Nakuba ingulube yonke ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isilwane esidinga ngokweqile, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izimo ezidingekayo. Phela, hhayi kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwesilwane, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhiqiza izingulube kuzoxhomeka kuyo.
Okuhle kunakho konke ukuhlinzeka izilwane ngamanzi amaningi. Kuphi, ukulungiswa kwalo kufanele kuqondiswe ngisho nangaphambi kokuthengwa kwezilwane ezincane. Ngakho-ke, ukuchithwa kufanele kube nezinxenye ezilandelayo ezigunyazayo:
- Ama-corrals (amathuluzi omshini) wokulondolozwa njalo kwezilwane. Kufanele futhi zihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezimbili ezinemibandela - indawo yokudla, lapho ummbila ozohlala khona, nomgodla, lapho isilwane sizochitha khona isikhathi sonke.
Umshini omncane uyoba usayizi owenziwe umshini wokwenza u-3m2, ngoba ukukhulelwa okukhulelwe kudinga ukwanda ngamamitha angu-1, futhi kumuntu osondayo - kufika ku-6 m2.
- Isikhala esizosebenza njengendawo yezilwane ezihambayo ngenkathi efudumele.
Njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zezingulube zingagcinwa zigijime cishe nxazonke, kufanele kube khona ukuchithwa ngaphezu kwesikhala esinjalo (noma okungenani ingxenye yaso).
- Ngokukhethekile bamba umgodi ongajulile ngamanzi lapho izilwane zingadada khona.
Akufanele futhi ukhohlwe ukuthi ingulube isilwane esikhulu kakhulu neselula. Ngokuyinhloko, kokubili kuhlwanyela kanye nama-boars, ngokuvamile okujwayele ukuhlukanisa izingxenye, ukuphazamisa phansi.
Yiqiniso, ehlobo, bazokwazi ukwanelisa lesi sidingo ekugijimeni, kodwa ukugcina phakathi nenkathi ebandayo izicingo kumele zibe namandla kakhulu.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uphahla lwekamelo le-pigsty kufanele libe namandla, afudumele futhi alinamanzi. Izimpawu ezinjalo kufanele zicatshangelwe nasezindongeni, okumele zivikele izilwane ekuqhenqeni.
Izansi akumele zibe namandla kuphela, kodwa futhi zifudumele. Kumele ukuba alethwe amanzi okugcoba, okuzokwazi ukukhipha isilwane semfuyo.
Futhi, ku-pigsty kubalulekile ukuba futhi ukukhanyisa kagesiokufaka phakathi nenkathi ye-farrowing kanye namaviki okuqala ekudleni inzalo encane ngokuhlwanyela. Izingulube ezincane nazo zizodinga izifudumezi.
Yakhiwe ezintweni ezikwazi ukugcina ukushisa, isitayela kufanele sikhanyiswe ngaphakathi. Lokhu kudinga ukucabangela okuhlanzekile okuhlanzekile nokuhlanzekile, okuyinto ithuba lokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Indlu engcono kunazo zonke izingulube zokhuni, ezivela emabhodi ajwayelekile. Futhi, phansi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwe-slope encane ukuze amanzi nomchamo wezilwane zingadlulela kulo. Kodwa izingcingo zamathuluzi omshini zingenziwa zensimbi, ngoba izinkuni azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngamandla nokuqina.
Indawo yokuhamba kufanele ibe mkhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlelwe ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu labantu noma ukuhlwanyela ngenzalo encane.
I-Corral engaphansi kuka-10 m2 ayikufanele ngisho nokwenza. Esigodini kufanele futhi kufakwe ukuphuza isitsha sezingulube, kodwa kufanele sigqoke egqumeni elincane. Uma kungenjalo, izilwane ziyozingcola amanzi aziqukethe.
Ukuxoxa ngezici zokudla okudingekayo ezilwaneni
Yondla for izingulube kumele iqukathe njenge-fiber encane ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba isisu sabo asikwazi ukugaya ngokugcwele ukudla okunjalo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukunikeza izilwane ukudla okugxilisiwe, futhi okunamafutha futhi okunamandla ukusebenzisa njengezithasiselo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokudla: zimanzi futhi zomile.
Esikhathini sokuqala, izilwane zinikezwa amakhosi eziboshwa ngamanzi. Lokhu, empeleni, indlela yendabuko yokudla, lapho izilwane zinikezwa udoti lokudla kanye nezimpande eziphekiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ndlela ilula kakhulu, ngoba ayidingi ukuthengwa kwanoma yikuphi ukondla owengeziwe, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kwesisindo sezingulube.
Ngakho-ke, uma usafuna ukuthembela ekukhiqizeni okusheshayo kwenyama eningi, kusengcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukudla okumile. Ngabo, nangenkinga encane, futhi umphumela wesondlo esinjalo uzobonakala kakhulu.
Into kuphela - kanye nokudla okumile izingulube kuzodingeka zinikezwe amanzi amaningi okuphuza.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezikhethekile ze-feed ngayinye, kanye nombuso lapho kungcono ukukunikeza izilwane:
- Kubalulekile ukuthi izingulube zikhiqize okusanhlamvu okuningi, kodwa akunjalo njengento yonke. Lesi silwane siyodla, kepha ingulube ayikwazi ukuhlaziya ngokugcwele okusanhlamvu, futhi iningi layo lizophuma kanye nesikhumba.
- Amazambane angasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokudla kwalezi zilwane, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa uhlobo olumanzi lokudla kubo. Nokho, izilimo eziyizigaxa zinikezwa izingulube kuphela uma ziphekwe. Ngaphambi kokupheka, kumele bahlanzwe, kepha amanzi avela kumazambane akufanele anikezwe izilwane.
Izimpande ezinomsoco zinikezwa kuphela ngamanani amancane, futhi nje kuphela njengezithako ezenziwe ngamavithamini.
- Akufanele unikeze inani elikhulu lokudla ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba bazohlala emgodini, okuzodingeka bahlanzwe njalo.
- Njengomthombo wamaprotheni wezingulube, kubalulekile ukwengeza inhlanzi noma inyama kanye nethambo lesifuba, i-oilcake kanye nefolda yemvubelo, izitshalo ezikhanyayo, nobisi obisikiwe. Amaprotheni abalulekile ikakhulukazi izinkomo zezinkomo.
Izinhlobo nemithetho yokudla izingulube
Kuncike ekutheni ufuna ukuthola amafutha amaningi noma inyama ngenxa yokudla izilwane zakho, indlela yokudla izoxhomeka kuyo.
Uma kuzalwa inyama yengulube, futhi ufuna ukuba nenyama enomzimba ngendlala engamamitha angu-3 wezinyosi ze-adipose, bese Ukuqothuka kwezingulube ezincane kungaqaliswa kakade kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-2.5 futhi baqhubeke baze bafike ezinyangeni ezingu-6.
Uma yonke imiyalelo edingekayo ilandelwa, ngesikhathi esifushane nje ingulube izofinyelela ubukhulu bamahekthelo angu-90-100. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi izingulube zingakafiki kuma-kilogremu angu-70 wesisindo, futhi zinikeza:
- Cishe ama-kilogram ayisihlanu ngosuku ngemifino ehlukahlukene eqoshiwe (i-peas, i-legumes, i-clover, i-alfalfa).
- Akungekho ngaphezu kwe-1.1 kilogram yokudla okugxilisiwe, okungasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ngokulinganisa okufanayo kokudla okuvela ekhishini lakho.
Kusukela kuma-kilogram angu-70 wezingulube, baqala ukukhipha amandla ngokweqile: imifino isivele inikezwa ngamakhilogremu angu-6 ngosuku, futhi ingeza ama-kilogram ama-5 e-pumphi abilisiwe futhi ahlanzekile nama-beet, cishe ama-kilogram ama-2 amazambane, inani lokugxila kufanele likhuphuke libe yi-1.5 kilogram.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukugaya okunempilo kanye nesimo esihle somzimba wesilwane, unikezwa ama-5-25 amagremu we-chol kanye no-10-35 amagremu ommeli usawoti.
Ngempela ingulube ye-marble, i-fattening iqala ezinyangeni ezingu-2.5, lapho izingulube sezicishe zibe nesisindo sama-25 kilogram, futhi izingulube zazingenwe ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala. Ekudleni kuhlanganisa:
- 3 kilograms imifino eqoshiwe.
- 1.5 kilograms yobisi obumhlophe.
- 1.5 igxila.
- 2 kilogram of ithanga kanye beet.
- Kufika ku-20 amagremu kasawoti.
- Izithako zezilwane ezivela emanini amancane.
Ekuqaleni kwe-fattening, inzuzo yesisindo nsuku zonke yama-450 amagremu iyinhlangano evamile, kodwa kusukela ezineminyaka eyi-5.5 kanti isikhathi esilandelayo isisindo somzimba kumele sibe okungenani ama-500-600 amagremu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhipha isifo sezingulube zonke lezo zondla ezinganciphisa ikhwalithi yenyama - i-soy, inhlanzi yenhlanzi (ingulube ingaqala ukuhogela njengezinhlanzi), i-bran (ingahlushwa kabi).
Njengoba kunesidlo esinjalo ezinyangeni ezingu-7, isilwane kufanele silinganise kusuka ku-90 kuya ku-95 kilogram. Futhi, ukuze uthole ibhekoni elihle, izingulube kufanele zibe nendawo eningi yokuhamba, azondliwa kabili ngosuku.
Iphumelela kakhulu i-fattening, ehlose ukuthola inani elikhulu lamafutha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukuhlwanyela noma utshale abasha kakade bathole 100 kilograms isisindo.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa lokhu okuphakelayo okucebile ku-carbon, okungukuthi, ummbila, amazambane kanye ne-beet. Ukuze kutholakale inzuzo yesisindo nsuku zonke ye-1 kilogram ehlobo, ukulinganisa kwezilwane kuqukethe imikhiqizo enjalo:
- 4 kilogram yefolda eluhlaza.
- 3.5 kilogram ye ithanga.
- 3.3 kilograms yokugxila noma ukudoba ukudla.
- Akugcini kuka-55 amagremu kasawoti.
Okudingayo ukwazi mayelana nokuhlwanyela izilwane: sithola inzalo yethu
Ngokuvamile ukuzalisa izingulube bathenga isitoko esincane emakethe, kodwa ungahlala uhlwanyela.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwakhe ngokocansi akukwenzeki ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-8, kanti ukukhipha imali kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-115 emva kokukhulelwa.
Ukuze ulingane, kufanele usebenzise ingulube eye ifinyelele ubukhulu bama-kilogram ayikhulu, ngaphandle kokukhubazeka. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuwondla kahle, ukugcwalisa ukudla nokudla okuningi kwamavithamini.
Ukuze kufezeke ukuhluthwa, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kube nokuzingela - uzoqala ukuziphatha ngokuzenzekelayo, kubomvu kubonakale. Kumele uhlaziye nge-boar ngemuva kwamahora angu-12, noma kungenziwa umanyolo ngokuzimela. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala ingulube kufanele ithole ukudla okuvamile, futhi kamuva yenziwa ingene.
Indlela yokukhulisa intsha enhle: imithetho yokunakekela izingulube kusukela ekuzalweni
Ama-pigs azalwa abuthakathaka futhi ngisho nokuqapha okuhle kokubili okuhlwanyelayo kanye nabantu kunengozi enkulu yokufa kwabo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba i-farrowing inakekele izimo ezidingekayo zokugcinwa kwezinsana nokulungisa ukudla okudingekayo.
Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa ku-pigsty akufanele liwe ngaphansi kuka-18ºС. Igumbi kumele liphumule kahle futhi lome.ngakho-ke akukho mvula noma kuphi, qaphela ukukhanya okufakelwayo.
Ngokuphathelene nokudla ama-piglets amancane, kungcono ukondla ngobisi obunayo, okuzokwandisa umkhuhlane wabo futhi uvumele ukuba bathole isisindo esidingekayo ngokushesha kakhulu.
Kusukela ngesonto lesithathu kuya phambili kubalulekile ukuthi izilwane ezincane ziqale ukunikeza ezinye ukudla ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwazo okunamandla. Kodwa-ke, ubisi lunganikezwa kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu lwezilwane.
Futhi, ungangeza izingxube ezihlukahlukene ze-steamed, kusukela ngosuku lwama-20 lokuphila - imifino ebilisiwe nezimpande. Ukuthatha izingulube ezingulube akunconywa ngaphambi kwamasonto amane ngemuva kokukhipha imali.
Uma kungekho okuhlwanyelayo, izingulube zigcotshwe ngobisi lwezinkomo noma zezimbuzi ezivela ensikeni. Kusukela ngesonto lesibili baqala ukupha ngokugcwele. Kanti futhi, ngesikhathi esinzima kangaka, kubalulekile ukuba bajobe ama-vitamin akhethekile nge-iron.
Izici ezidingekayo zokunakekela izingulube
Akukona kunzima ukunakekela izingulube, ngoba izici eziyinhloko okudingeka zenziwe zondla, zinakekele abasha futhi ziqinisekise izimo ezifanele zezindlu. Ngokuyinhloko, phakathi kwalezi zinsuku kufanele kuphawulwe:
- Ezinye izinhlobo zezingulube azibekezeli ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke emgodini kufanele kube njalo phakathi kuka-12 no-16ºС. Isitoko esincane - kusukela ngo-18 ukuya ku-20 ºС.
- Asikwazi ukuvumela umswakama ekamelweni ukuba libe ngaphezu kwama-85%, okukhethwa kukho okungcono - 70%.
- Asikwazi ukuvumela ukubandayo kanye nemidwebo ku-pigsty.
- Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka zokugcina izingulube, ukuhlanza njalo phansi emagodini.
- Intsha impela idinga ukuhamba.
- Ungavumeli ukungcola kwamanzi ezitsheni zokuphuza.
- Abaphakeli kufanele bahlanzwe ekudleni kokudla futhi bahlanza ngezikhathi ngezibhamu.
