Kunoma yimuphi umkhakha wangasese kukhona igceke lenkukhu lapho izinkukhu zihlala khona.
Kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inyama yenkukhu iye yaba yansuku zonke, kodwa inyama yodada ibhekwa njengento enhle kakhulu.
Cishe wonke umlimi uzama ukukhulisa amadada abo asekhaya.
Ukwenza ngokufanele ukhetho lokuzalanisa amadamu, ungakwazi ukuhlinzeka kakhulu ngetafula lakho inyama, futhi wenze imali enhle ngokuwathengisa.
Amadada ajwayelekile kakhulu emapulazini.
Isici esiyinhloko ekuzaleni amadada yikukhethwa kohlobo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamadada, ozothola ngawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nezici zohlobo ngalunye kanye nezici zokuzaliswa kwalezi zinyoni.
Ezolimo, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu zamadada:
- Izinhlobo zemfuyo - lezi zihlobo zihlukile kwabanye ngokusetha okusheshayo kobuningi bawo.
- Izinhlanga zezinyosi - lezi zihlobo zibhekwa ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amahle nokuzuza kwesisindo.
- Izinhlobo zama-egg - lezi zinhlobo zihlukile kwabanye ekukhiqizeni amaqanda aphezulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamadada inyama?
I-Peking Duck, ibonakala kanjani?
Peking duck babheka idada elihle kakhulu ekuzaleni inyama.
AmaShayina ahlanganisa lo mhlanga cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 eyedlule entshonalanga yeBeijing, kodwa hhayi ngemva kwalokho baqala ukukhulelwa kwezinye izingxenye zaseChina. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, udada lwePeking lwaziswa eMelika naseYurophu. Ngemva kwalokho, wavela ezweni lakithi.
Yimuphi uhlobo izici I-Peking duck ine:
- Ibukeka njengenyoni enkulu kakhulu enomzimba obanzi obubanzi kanye nesifuba esibanzi.
- Ubuningi besifazane omdala buyi-3.4 kilogram, kanti i-drake yi-4 kilogram.
- Olunye uhla lwezinkukhu zokukhiqiza amaqanda kusuka ku-85 kuya ku-125 izingcezu ngonyaka. Ubuningi bomuntu uthatha ama-90 amagremu.
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamadada, idada lePeking linomsoco wokushesha.
- Ukushisa komzimba kwama-duck kungama-degrees Celsius angu-42.2.
- Ama-peking amadada abhekwa njengama-omnivores.
- Amadada ama-peking anemibala emhlophe, i-orange beak kanye ne-paws obukhulu obomvu.
Yimuphi uhlobo izimfanelo ezinhle kungachazwa i-Peking duck, sibhala ngezansi:
- Lolu hlobo lwamadada lungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ezweni lethu.
- I-Peking Duck ihamba phambili.
- Izinyoni zidla ngokushesha kakhulu.
- Lezi zilwane zibekezelela kakhulu amaphuphu abanda emnyakeni.
- Amadada abe nokusebenza okuphezulu.
- Ziyamelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Yini ongayisho ngakho uhlangothi olubi lolu hlobo:
- Abanye abalimi bakuthola bejabule kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lune-excitability ephezulu, ukuze umsindo omncane egcekeni uzobaheha ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Amadada adinga izimo ezithile, lapho ukukhiqiza kwabo kuxhomeke khona.
Amadada ezinyangeni ezinyangeni ezinhlanu nesigamu sele esesisindo esingaba ngu-2.4-3.1 kilogram. Kungcono ukuwakhula ukuze uthole inyama ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi se-juvenile molting (cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa).
Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi bayeka ukukhula, kodwa baqala ukudla ukudla okuphindwe kabili, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zangaphakathi kanye nokukhula kwempapa emisha, engasuswa kamuva ekukhusheni nasekudambiseni izinga lomzimba.
Ukudla inyama - idada elimnyama lodada
Idada elimnyama elibelethwe ngamhlophe laliphethwe lapho kutholakala izinhlobo ezimbili: i-Peking duck noKhaki Campbell. Lolu hlobo lwadalwa ngesisekelo se-Ukrainian Institute of Poultry.
Yimuphi uhlobo izici Le dada inayo:
- Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngomzimba ophakanyiswe ngesifuba esijulile.
- Ingemuva yedada inkulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, iphakanyiswe kancane emsila. Umsila uvuswa kancane.
- Ngokuvamile umbala wodada unomnyama, kodwa ingxenye yesisu nesifuba imhlophe.
- I-Drakes ihlukaniswe ngendwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet entanyeni.
- Izembatho ziyingcosana, hhayi ezinzima, ezimnyama.
- Umthethosivivinywa ungumbala ophakathi, owenziwe umbala, omnyama noma we-slate.
- Amehlo e-duck ayenamabala, amnyama futhi amnyama.
- Amaphiko amakhulu, agxilile kakhulu emzimbeni.
- Ubukhulu besifazane omdala buyi-3.6 kilogram, kanti ubukhulu be drake buyi-4 kilogram.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda wedada omnyama omhlophe kunamapulangwe angama-115-125, isisindo, okungama-gramu angu-80-90. Umbala wegobolondo leqanda limhlophe.
Izinhlangothi ezinengqondo Lolu hlobo lwamadada:
- Loluhlobo lwamadada ngenyama.
- Ukukhulelwa kwamadada kufinyelela engxenyeni yonyaka yokuphila kwabo.
- Lezi zinyoni zidla kahle futhi zikhula ngokushesha.
- Bhekisela kumadada ngokuvamile uhlamvu lomsebenzisi.
- Amaqanda enyama nezinkukhu aphezulu.
- Amadada anesilinganiso esihle sokusinda.
Amadada ezinsuku ezingama-60-65 afinyelela isisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisigamu nesigamu. Inyama yalolu hlobo lwezinkuni ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo eziqukethwe kakhulu kwamafutha kanye nekhwalithi.
Kuye kwaphawula izimfanelo ezimbi zale madada.
Ukuzala kwamadada aseMoscow White
Idada elimhlophe laseMoscow lenye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu. Kwadalwa ngenxa yezihlobo ezimbili: Peking noKhaki Campbell.
Ipulazi likahulumeni elithi "Ptichnoe" eMfundeni yaseMoscow lalizalisa lolu hlobo lwezinyoni. Umgomo, okwakuwukuthola inyama yokuzalwa, ngokwanele ukukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu.
Ngokwezizathu zangaphandle, idada lifana nebheke lePeking, nokho kunezici ezithile ezikhethekile.
Izici Amadada amhlophe aseMoscow:
- Le nyoni inomzimba omkhulu ophethe isifuba esikhulu.
- Inhloko encane, etholakala entanyeni eguquguqukayo kakhulu. Inyosi ibomvu.
- Imigqa yedada ayikho isikhathi eside futhi ihlukanisiwe, umbala obomvana.
- Umbala wezinsipho umhlophe.
- Isisindo somuntu omdala sifinyelela ku-4.4 kilogram, nesisindo samantombazane ngekhilogram engaphansi.
- Amehlo anamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izintandokazi Idada elimhlophe eMoscow:
- Amantombazane abhekwa ngamaqanda aphezulu abeka amandla. Phakathi nesikhathi esithwala izicucu eziyizingu-120, ubukhulu bomuntu bufinyelela ku-0.1 kilogram.
- Ikhwalithi enhle ukusabalalisa kohlobo, okubonisa izindleko zayo eziphansi.
- Izinyoni zibhekwa ngokuvumelana kahle nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene.
- Amadada awadingi ukuzinakekela okwenyama.
- Izinyoni zinenyama enhle kakhulu.
- Uhlangothi oluhle uhlelo oluhle lokuzala.
- Inani lokusinda kwendada ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye.
- Inyoni ine-meatiness enhle ngaphandle kwamafutha aqinile.
Izimfanelo ezimbi zale madada azibonakalwanga.
Izinhlobo zama-duck
I-Khaki Campbell iyinzalo engadli inyama
Lezi zindabuko zavulwa eNgilandi ngendlu ka-Adel Campbell emuva ngawo-1800. Inhloso yalo kwakuwukuthola udada ukuhlinzeka inyama yomndeni wakhe.
Ukubeletha lokhu kuzalwa kwamadada kunzima kakhulu ukuwela emigwaqeni.
Izici Lolu hlobo lubalwe ngezansi:
- Umbala wezimpaphe zalesi dada ungahluka: u-fawn, omnyama nomhlophe.
- Izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziyisisindo esincane. Ubuningi besilisa buphakathi kwama-2.5 kuya ku-3.5 kilogram, nabesifazane abangaphansi kwama-2.5 kilogram.
- Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingu-6-7.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinyoni kuhlanganisa izingcezu ezingu-250-350. Amaqanda anamagobolondo amhlophe futhi anesisindo esingaba ngu-80 amagremu.
- Izinyoni zinenhloko encane ngomlomo nangezintambo.
Izimfanelo ezinhleokuyinto enomhlanga wamadada Khaki Campbell:
- Izinyoni zibhekwa ukukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphakeme.
- Lolu hlobo luyi-nyama enomusa futhi enhle kakhulu.
- Izinyoni zihamba kakhulu futhi ziyasebenza.
- Izinyoni zivumelane nezimo ezahlukene zezindlu.
Kuya ukungabi khona Le dada ihlanganisa namaqiniso alandelayo:
- Amantombazane awawona amahle amnandi kakhulu.
- Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukudla kwamadada, uma badla kahle, bathule ngokwanele.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobo ezinhle zamahansi.
Yini ehlukanisa izidakamizwa zamadada?
Ukukhiqiza kwama-duck kwakutholakala ngenxa yokukhiqiza okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuma-1950s embonini yezinkukhu zaseKuchinsky.
Inhloso yokuzalanisa loluhlobo lwezinkuni lwaluwukuthola ubuhlobo obuhle kakhulu nezimfanelo ezinhle zenyama. Lolu hlobo aluvamile kakhulu kubalimi.
Izici I-Dredred Duck:
- Le nyoni ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ngezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zenyama.
- Isisindo se-duck esisodwa singamakhilogremu amathathu, kanti i-drake ngu-3.8 kilogram.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda lenye yezinyoni ngomnyaka yizingcezu ezingu-160, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yizingcezu ezingu-200. Igobolondo ingaba mhlophe, kaningi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi icwecwe ngokuphelele.
- Umzimba wenyoni ude ngaphambi kwe-sluyl ephakanyisiwe.
- Inhloko encane, intamo iphakathi, umlomo ukhulu futhi ude.
- Imilenze yincane, kodwa cishe ihlale ibalekile.
- Amaphiko nomsila nazo zincane.
- Umbala wezimpaphe ubumhlophe, ubukhulu, isiliva ne-creamy. Emadodeni, ikhanda limbozwe ngama-specks amnyama noma ama-brown.
Izimfanelo ezinhle isibuko duck:
- Inyoni iselula kakhulu.
- Adapts duck ezimweni ezahlukene zokuboshwa.
- I-Mirror duck inokukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphakeme.
- Inani lokusinda lamadada ezincane lingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-95.
- Inyama yezinkukhu ibhekwa ukunambitheka okuhle.
Ukungahambi kahle kwe-duck esibukweni kungacatshangwa hhayi ukusabalala.
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu - Kayuga
I-Cayuga Duck iyinzalo yamaDada aseMelika. Uhle kakhulu. Kwaxoshwa ngo-1874.
Yiziphi izici angatshela ngale nyoni:
- Amadada aseKayuga anemibala enhle kakhulu ye-feather - abamnyama nge-tints eluhlaza.
- Izinyoni zinamandla kakhulu.
- Amehlo anombala omnyama.
- Ama-Paws ne-beak kuphela abamnyama.
- Imilenze imincane, umsila uphinde ubheke phezulu.
- Isisindo sesilisa kulesi sizukulwane sisuka ku-3.2 kilogram kuya ku-3.8 kilogram, kanti abesifazane besuka ku-2.8 kuya ku-3.1 kilogram.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okujwayelekile okwenziwa kulesi sizwe yizicucu ezingu-100-150 ngonyaka. Isisindo seqanda ama-70-80 amagremu. Okuvamile ukuthi amaqanda ayishumi ayishumi abamnyama, bese eqala ukukhanya futhi abe mhlophe noma abehlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kuya kufanelekile Lolu hlobo lungabandakanya izinkomba ezilandelayo:
- Amantombazane ayizinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu.
- Cayuga amadada ajwayele ezindaweni ezahlukene.
- Izinyoni zizolile futhi zilalele.
- Amadada ayakuthanda ukuhamba, lapho adla izimpethu ezahlukene.
- Izinyoni zinezinga elihle lokusinda lentsha.
I-Saxon duck breed
Amadada aseSaxon aqondisa inyama. Amadada aphethwe eJalimane. Le nyoni yabonakala kuqala ngo-1934.
Ekuzaleni izinyoni, uPeking, Rouen kanye nemikhiqizo yasePomeranian yasetshenziswa. Lolu hlobo luhle kakhulu ekuzaleni ekhaya.
IziciI-Saxon duck inayo:
- Le nyoni ikhulu kakhulu futhi inondlekile kahle.
- Amadada anemifantu enhle kakhulu. Emadrakheni, ikhanda nentamo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-metallic sheen, kanti wonke umzimba unomvu obomvu. Futhi kwabesifazane, umbala oyinhloko we-plumage uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Amadada alo mhlobo enza kahle kakhulu, ubukhulu besifazane buvela ku-2.6 kuya ku-3.1 kilogram, kanti owesilisa kusukela ku-3 kuya ku-3.5 kilogram.
- Ikhwalithi yenyama inhle kakhulu.
- Inani lokukhiqiza amaqanda lezinyoni liphakathi kwama-150-200 amayunithi ngonyaka. Ubuningi bomunye u-70-80 amagremu.
Izinhlangothi ezinengqondo I-Saxon duck:
- Amadada abe nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amahle.
- Amadada anesilinganiso esihle sokusinda.
- I-Saxon duck inezici ezinhle zekhwalithi yeenyama.
Ekugcineni, izinhlobo zezinyosi zamaqanda
Egg Breed - Abagijimi baseNdiya
E-mpumalanga ye-Asia kubhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yabagijimi baseNdiya. Ukuzala lezi amadada kwaqala ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Ekuqaleni lokhu kuzalwa kwakungavamile kakhulu, kungabonakala kuma-zoos. Loluhlobo lwamadada yilo kuphela uhlobo lwezinyosi.
Izici Uhlobo olunjalo olungavamile lwamadada:
- Isibani sakhe siqondile. Uma isebenza, ibukeka njengebhokisi eligijima.
- Izinyoni zidonsa amehlo embukisweni.
- Umbala wezimpaphe ungaba mhlophe ohlukile, futhi mhlawumbe umnyama, omnyama nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Amadada enentamo ende kakhulu, imilenze ende, efaka isandla ekunyakeni kwabo okusheshayo.
- Ubukhulu besifazane buyi-1.75 kilogram, kanti owesilisa u-2 kilogram.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda elilodwa lamaqanda kungamaqanda angaba ngu-200, kodwa abanikazi berekhodi bayakwazi ukuthwala amaqanda ama-350 ngonyaka. Izinyoni zigijima unyaka wonke. Isisindo, umbala kanye nokunambitheka kwamaqanda okubekwe yilesi sizwe kufana namaqanda enkukhu.
- Nakuba isisindo senyoni akuyona enkulu kakhulu, kodwa inyama yayo inomuncu omnene kakhulu namanzi.
Izinhlangothi ezinengqondo Umgijimi waseNdiya:
- Izinyoni zihamba kakhulu futhi zithanda ukuba zigijima.
- Abagijimi baseNdiya bangamadada ahlanzekile kakhulu.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu kakhulu.
- Amadada ajwayele izimo zezulu ezahlukene.
- Izinyoni ziyizingane ezinhle kakhulu.
Ukungabi nalutho kwalolu hlobo kuyiqiniso lokuthi liyilo ayikwazi ukukhawulelwa emanzini, ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhiqiza kwawo kungancipha.
Izici zamadada akhula
Ngokuvamile, ukukhulisa amadada akuyona inqubo enzima kangaka. Lezi zinyoni azizitholi ukudla, izinga lokushisa, elihlukanisa nezinye izinyoni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amadada abekezeleleke amaqhwa ngokuzithoba, akufanele ahlolwe. Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi endlini engaphansi kwe-zero yayingekho.
Ukuqaphela lo mthetho, le nyoni izozizwa ikhululekile futhi ngeke ithinte umkhiqizo wayo. Lapho ugcina amaphuphu izinga lokushisa ekamelweni kufanele libe yi-28 degrees Celsius, futhi umswakama kufanele ube phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangu-75.
Izinkukhu ezikhulayo ziqala ngokugxilwa kwamadada. Ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho edingekayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqanda, amaqanda amadada adinga ukuhlonipha kakhulu. Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhushulwa badinga ukukhohliwe ngokwemithetho ethile. Kodwa, ngokuvamile, ukuzalisa amatshwele amadada kunzima kunanoma yimuphi omunye.
Ungakhula amatshwele ngendlela evulekile nevaliwe. Kodwa okungcono kunawo wonke kuyindlela ehlanganisiwe.
Amadada akuzona izinyoni eziphikisanayo, kepha uma zigcinwa ekamelweni elincane kakhulu, ziqala ukuphikisana. Ngokuyinhloko, idada elilodwa elidala kufanele libe ngu-0.3 wamamitha square.
Izakhiwo zokugcina amadada kumele zihlanzeke futhi zomile, zinezinga eliphezulu lokuphumula. Kumelwe kube nenani elihle lomswakama. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kugweme ukukhula kwesikhunta, ngaphandle kwalokho kungathinta impilo yezinyoni.
Amapokisi, igumbi kufanele libheke nxazonke, futhi amahora angu-15 kuya ku-16 azokwanela amadada amadala.
Nakuba izinyoni zingenandaba nokudla, zidinga amanzi ngempela. Amanzi kufanele athululelwe ingxenye yesithathu yenyosi yezinyoni.
Amadada kufanele ahlinzekwe ngokufinyelela echibini. Izinyoni zidinga ukupha njalo. I-ration evamile yansuku zonke kufanele iqukethe okusanhlamvu kanye nokwaziswa. Le nhlanganisela iqukethe i-oilcake, imifino, amazambane noma amathanga, amathambo nesidlo sezinhlanzi.
Amadada abazali abahle kakhulu abazinakekela kahle inzalo yabo. Kodwa amaphuphu angenza ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwabo. Njengoba bezitholela bona kanye nokudla, namanzi. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, ukushiya kuzo ngokwazo akufanelekile, udinga ukuzinakekela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinhlobo zenyama ngokushesha kakhulu ukuthola isisindo. Futhi uma zihlanjululwa ukuze zikhiqize inyama ehlwabusayo, kufanele zibulawe eminyakeni yobudala yesonto.
Ukukhula kulezi zinyoni ekhaya kulula. Udinga nje ukukhetha uhlobo oludingayo bese uthola mayelana nezimo zalo zokuboshwa. Khona-ke ekugcineni uzothola umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Abalimi bezinkukhu ikakhulukazi abanolwazi bakhuthaza abaqalayo ukuba baqale ukuzalanisa izinkukhu namadada.
