Abalimi abaningi nalabo abaneziqephu zangasese, izilwane ezizalisayo ekhaya.
Uma kukhona isisekelo sokwanela okwanele ukuba uhlanganyele ekuhambiseni izilwane akulona neze nzima, ikakhulukazi njengoba izinzuzo zomsebenzi onjalo zikhulu.
Awukakhulumi nje kuphela inyama, kodwa wazi konke ngokuvela kwayo.
Ngokwemvelo, indlela elula yokubhekana nezinyoni, ngoba uyabondla ngezansi, azidingi izindlu ezikhethekile zezindlu, futhi ungazikhulisa kuphela kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, kanti ngonyaka ozayo ungathenga amatshwele amasha.
Namuhla sifuna ukukhuluma ngokuzala kwamadada okuthiwa i-Mulard, ukususa okungabangela imali engenayo kanye nezinzuzo.
Amadada aseMulard: sikhula inyama, kodwa hhayi ukuzala
Lolu hlobo lwamadada alukho esikhathini esidlule luvele emakethe yezinyoni. Lezi zinyoni zithandwa ukuthi zinezindawo ezimnyama emakhanda abo.
Futhi, abantu abaningi babiza ngokuthi "mulatto" yalesi sibonakaliso, ngoba wonke umzimba wabo uhlanzekile ngokuphelele. Mulardy yizinhlamvu, ngoba ayitholakali ngendlela yemvelo, kodwa ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamadada.
Kulesi simo, sikhuluma ngokuwela udada, okungenzeka ukuthi wezwa okuningi ngakho, ngoba zivame kakhulu neDeking duck ejwayelekile yasekhaya.
Ukuze uqhubeke nesithakazelo wena uhlobo lwe-Mulard, ungakhohlwa ukukhuluma ngamadada "ama-broiler" alobu buhlanga.
Lapho kutshalwa khona, kusemhlabeni jikelele: bangabanjwa ekhaya ngenxa yezidingo zomndeni owodwa, futhi basebenziselwe ukuhlinzeka ngezimboni ezinkukhu nokuthengiswa kwenyama yayo.
I-caveat kuphela - "ama-broilers" ayalwa njengenani elibiza kakhulu kunama-ducks avamile, nakuba umphumela uphakeme.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi indawo yokuzalwa yalesi hybrid yiFrance, lapho ababelethi abaqeqeshiwe bezama ngempela konke okusemandleni abo, banikeze uhlobo olusha ngemfanelo emihle, beqeda cishe zonke izinkinga zemikhiqizo yangempela yedada.
Ngakho-ke, ukujwayelana nohlobo lwe-Mulard kuzoqala kusukela ekuziphatheni kwezinhlobo zayo zokuzalanisa.
Izinhlobo zamadada asetshenziselwa ukuzalisa i-Mulardov
Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izinhlobo ezizalisayo zamadada ahlongozwayo ahlukene kakhulu.
Ngokuyinhloko, uma amadada aseMusk abhekene nokuma okunomzimba nokuthula, abaningi ababazisa, ngakho-ke ama-Peking amadada ahluke kakhulu - ayamemeza ngendlela engavamile, izimpaphe zawo zihlale zingcolile futhi azihle zihlanzekile. Nakuba akuyona isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke zohlobo, kusuke kudlalwa indima ebalulekile.
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele nezinye izici zalezi zizwe ezivela etafuleni elingezansi.
Ikhwalithi yezinyama nezici
I-Muskard Duck: Ikhwalithi iphezulu kakhulu, inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka, inenani elikhulu lezakhi ezizuzisa abantu.
I-Peking Duck: Ngokuvamile, inyama inekhwalithi enhle, kodwa izinhlobonhlobo ayizinconywa ukulima inyama. Njengoba kunesidlo esiningi, izinhlobo zohlobo aluyona inqwaba yemisipha, kodwa inqwaba yamafutha, ngemva kwalokho ilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwezimboni.
Uzuza inzuzo yesisindo
Umswakama we-Muscovy: Okokuqala, ukuzalwa kunesisindo esincane, futhi siwathola ngamanani angabalulekile.
I-Peking Duck: Ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha kakhulu, yiyona iqhawe kulokhu.
Qala ukulala kwamaqanda
I-muscovy duck: izinyanga ezingu-8-9 ezindala. I-egg-laying ihlala cishe izinyanga ezingu-3-4, emva kwalokho inyoni iqala ukuklabhula. Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi esithile, umjikelezo ubuyiselwa emuva.
I-Peking Duck: Lapho uneminyaka engama-29-30 amasonto, okungukuthi, ezinyangeni ezingu-7-7.5. Ekuvuthweni kocansi, lolu hlobo luhamba phambili kwabanye abaningi. Ukukhiqizwa konyaka owodwa wempilo yedada cishe izinyanga ezingu-7.
Isisindo esibukhoma
I-muskard duck: Ama-females anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-2.5, futhi abesilisa bangafinyelela ku-5.
I-Peking Duck: Duck 3 kilogram, idrake - 3.5. Isisindo sama-duckling ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.2 kilogram.
Ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezihlobo ezimbili ezichazwe, kwakungenzeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe zonke iziphutha ngosizo lwezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuchaza kafushane i-Mulard duck, kungase kuphawulwe ukuthi banokuthula, banomqondo omuhle wezinyama, bazuze isisindo kahle futhi baveza kahle ukubeka.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zohlobo noma ulwazi olujulile namadada aseMulard
Okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele isimiso esihle sokuzivikela omzimba samadada alobuhlobo. Ngisho nezimo ezingcono kakhulu bayagula kakhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Mularda ihlukaniswe ngesihlahla esinamandla kakhulu, imisipha yabo ayitholakali nakakhulu (akuyona into yokuthi lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengenyama).
"Ama-Broilers" anezinzuzo ezingaphezulu kulokhu okuthunjwa, lapho izimo zokuboshwa ezingenasisekelo, ngoba zizokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yikuphi.
Inzuzo enkulu nesithunzi se-brolarers ye-Moulard yikhono lokukwazi ukukhuthazelela kalula ukushisa kwamaconsi namaconsi. Kunoma yikuphi, lezi zinyoni zizohlala zithatha isisindo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziphi izindlela zokudla, ikakhulukazi njengoba zingenalo nhlobo.
Inzuzo yalolu hlobo akuyona nje kuphela izinga elihle lezinyama eziphethwe, kodwa futhi nesibindi se-duck. Kukholelwa ukuthi isibindi sohlobo oluchazwe kufanelekile ekukhiqizeni i-foie gras. Ifakazela kulokhu, hhayi nje ukuthobeka kwayo nobukhulu obukhulu, kodwa futhi nokudla okunomsoco.
Phakathi kwabanye kufanelekile Amadada aseMulard kufanele abizwe ngokuthi:
- Ukuhlanzeka okwenziwa yizizukulwane ezivela kuma-musk amadada. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nalapho esekhulile, lamadada angasetshenziswa ukudayiswa, phansi kanye nempaphe ingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso zezimboni.
- Uhlamvu oluzolile lwamadada, okuyinto eyabuye yazuza njengefa kumadada aseMusk. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ekukhulisweni kwezilwane kulezi zinyoni, ngoba zivame ukuzwa umsindo omkhulu, futhi ngeke zigijime egcekeni (ikakhulukazi uma ziguqula noma yikuphi amanzi).
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, okungukuthi, ukuqala kwamaqanda-okubekwa kwabesifazane. Kulo hlobo, luqala ngo-180-210 ngosuku. Insikazi ibeka inqwaba yamaqanda, kodwa awakhuliswa.
- Inyama yekhwalithi ephezulu. Sitshilo kakade ukuthi u-musk ukhula lwamadada asetshenziselwa ukuzalisa uMoulards ubonakala ngezinga elihle kakhulu lenyama, okuyinto ifa elizuzwe njengefa lazuza njengefa.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa kwenyama ukuthi abesifazane bakhuliswa kakhulu, kepha kubesilisa abesilisa abavame ukukhiqizwa kwesibindi kanye ne-foie gras. Phela, isisindo sesibindi sesidakwa esisodwa singaba amagremu angu-500-550.
- Yandisa ekuzaleni nasekulimeni. Okubalulekile kwalokhu iphuzu yilokho esikushilo kakade ngenhla, okungukuthi, ngokungahloniphi kwamadada ahlongoziwe ekudleni, ukuvumelanisa nezimo zokushisa kanye nesistimu yomzimba omzimba omuhle.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwamaDada aseMulard, ngoba abanikezeli kuphela inyama eningi, kodwa futhi banikeza abanikazi babo amaqanda nesibindi esinempilo.
Izinkinga ezizobhekana nazo uma zizala futhi zikhula amadada aseMulard
Lawa madada abe nesimo sokuzola, futhi anike inyama eningi, futhi anesibindi esihle kunazo zonke, futhi azokunikeza amaqanda, kodwa kukhona nokungahle kulesi sizwe.
Iqiniso liwukuthi amadada ase-hybrid moladr akakwazi ukuzala inzalo. Ngisho nalawo maqanda awakhiqiza awakulungele ngokuphelele ukuzalanisa ama-ducklings, njengoba engabonakali.
Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukudingwa njalo ukuthenga amadada amasha ukuze akhulise izinkukhu ngenyama. Kodwa nokho akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza lokhu, futhi kaningi, ngoba kusengenzeka ukufeza inzalo entsha ye-Mulardov.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezinjalo zamadada njengeMulard azikho emvelweni, ngoba izinhlanga zalo ezizalisayo zihlala ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu, futhi zingawela kuphela ngendlela efanele.
Ngokuyinhloko, njengoba abalimi bebeletha lo mhlanga kusuka kumadada ama-musk no-Peking, uma ugcina owesilisa ozalweni wokuqala ekhaya futhi owesifazane wesibini (kahle, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, nakuba kunezici ezincane lapha), kuyinto engokoqobo ukuthola kubo inzalo yohlobo oludingayo.
Yiqiniso, ukuhlanza kwekhaya okunjalo akuhlali njalo ukunikeza imiphumela engu-100%, ngoba, ngemuva kwakho konke, kufanele ubhekane nezakhi zofuzo ezingalindelekile, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ngisho nale ndlela inikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu futhi enembile.
Kodwa ngisho nalapha kukhona ama-nuances ambalwa: i-drama yama-musk inzima kakhulu ukuphoqa ukutshala owesifazane ovela emzalweni ngaphandle kweyakhe. Ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke, udinga ukuhlakanipha ngobuqili, ubeke eyodwa emhlambini wePeking wesifazane futhi uhlukaniswe nabanye nakubantu bakho. Kodwa ngisho nakulolu cala, iphesenti lomanyolo uyoba ngu-70%.
Ekhaya, kuyaphumelela kakhulu ukuba ne-duck, futhi ama-musk abesifazane. Ukubhekana nalesi simo kuzosebenza kangcono, kodwa inzalo ingaba nefa lokukwazi ukuqoqa isisindo kumama futhi ngeke ikujabulise ngenyama eningi.
Ngakho-ke, i-Moulards etholakale ekhaya ngeke ihluke kuzo zonke izici zohlobo lwabo. Kodwa-ke, uma uphumelela, ungathengisa ama-ducklings, abaluleke kakhulu.
Ezinye izici zohlobo kanye nezici zalo ezihlukile
Uma uzimisele ukuqala ukukhula amadada aseMulard, kufanele uzijwayele nencazelo yawo yangaphandle.
Ezimweni eziningi, lolu hlobo lwe-hybrid ludwetshiwe lube mhlophe futhi lunendawo encane emnyama ekhanda.
Kodwa-ke, igama eliyisihluthulelo emgqeni odlule yiyona nkulumo efanayo "ifomu hybrid", okuvame ukunikeza inhlanganisela ehlukene yembala yezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, uma uthola amadada amnyama noma ama-brown ekuzaleni ekhaya ama-Peking nama-musk amadada, ungasheshi ukuthukuthela, angabonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu ngokukhula okuqhubekayo.
Iyini ukukhiqizwa kweDuck Mulard? Okuncane mayelana nemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokwemvelo, ukutshala amadada asekhaya kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwenyama yabo. Endabeni yeMulardes, lokhu kuyimvelo ngoba lohlobo lufana nenyama, ngoba lukwazi ukuqoqa kahle ubukhulu obuphilayo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho umuntu esekhulile, isisindo samadrakes sisukela ku-6 kuya ku-7 kilogram, kanti abesifazane besuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-6.5 kilogram. Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu iwukuthi ngisho nezinsana ezinama-7-10 ezindala zisheshe zithole isisindo ngisho nangokondla okwanele kakhulu, futhi isisindo sabo esikhathini esinjalo semalt ngokuvamile siba ngu-1.3 kuya ku-1.5 kilogram.
Izithelo zeqanda lala madada nazo ziphakeme kakhulu. Enye idada ngenkathi eyodwa ingaveza cishe amaqanda angama-250-270 angaziwa, afanelekile ukupheka. Amantombazane aqala ukuthela izithelo kakade ngosuku lwe-180-210 yokuphila kwabo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinyama nezinkukhu zezinkukhu.
Sisebenzela ekuzaliseni amadada aseMiladr: kanjani ukuhlinzeka izinyoni ngokubaluleke kakhulu?
Yize lokhu kuzalwa kwamadada kungabhekwa njengengqondo, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ahlinzekele izimo ezinhle zokuthola isisindo. Uma kuphela amadada amancane ezalwa, kubalulekile ukuthi utshani noma utshani lube njengetayitela kubo, kodwa kungenjalo kumele kusetshenziswe.
Isizathu salokhu silele ukuthi i-sawdust igcwele kakhulu umswakama futhi idla isikhathi eside uma iqhathaniswa ne-hay. Futhi njengoba umswakama ungumthombo oyinhloko wokuphila kwamadada, i-sawdust izobe imanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ingabangela ukufa kwengxenye yenzalo.
Ngenxa yalokhu okulandelayo, akunakwenzeka ukulahla le nyoni yendawo yayo, okungukuthi, isenzo sayo, okungukuthi, imizimba yamanzi.
Ngakho-ke, uma uzokhula amadada, cabanga kusengaphambili ukuthi ungayenza kanjani okungenani ngokwenziwa. Phela, ngisho namadada ezineminyaka engama-30 abalulekile. ukuhamba njalo eduze kwamanziokuyinto futhi imithombo yokudla yemvelo yalezi zinkukhu.
Futhi, omunye umthetho obalulekile wukuthi kungcono ukuzigcina zihluke kwezinye izinyoni, ngakho zikhula futhi zondla kangcono.
Yini futhi ukuthi udinga kangakanani ukondla i-Mulardov: yakha ukudla okunempilo
Uma ungazange uthenge amadada amancane emakethe, kodwa wanquma ukuthenga amaqanda alo mhlanga, khona-ke kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi ungabondla kanjani kusukela ngesikhathi abaqeda amaqanda.
Okokuqala, badinga ukudakwa, besebenzisa ngaleyo njongo isisombululo esibuthakathaka kakhulu se-potassium permanganate (ukugxila okuphezulu kungalimaza izinyoni). Futhi, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zidinga ukunikezwa iphariji ebilisiwe ehlanganiswe neqanda elibilisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuguquka kwamapayipi kufanele kube yiwoyela, ukuze amadada athole umswakama ekudleni kwawo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi amadada alo mhlobo aqala ukuzondla ngokwabo kusukela ngosuku lwesithathu lokuphila, kanti ayengeke adluliselwe ngokushesha ekudleni okuqinile. Kuphela - emva kwesikhathi esithile ungaqala engeza imifino eqoshiwe ku-mash.
Futhi manje, kusukela ngesonto lesibili lokuphila kwabo, ukudla kungancishiswa ngamazambane abilisiwe.
Ngokudla okungaphezulu kwamadada, akufanele sikhohlwe ngezinto ezimbiwa yizimbiwa ezizofaka isandla ekukhuleni okuhle kuphela, kodwa nasezimpilweni zezinyoni. Ikakhulukazi, kungenzeka ukuthi:
- Mel;
- Ama-Seashells;
- I-eggshell.
Isici esibalulekile sokudada ama-ducklings ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi, ayithandayo kakhulu emanzini abo. Kule ndaba, kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukugcwala kwabaphuzi futhi njalo uthele amanzi ahlanzekile kuwo.
Futhi-ke, ukuthi kungcono ukuzithumela emagodini, ukuze bona ngokwabo bangahlinzeki ngamanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi bawusizo abaduckweed kubo. Uma kungenayo igaraji endaweni, khona-ke i-duckweed izosadingeka iphonswe emathonjeni.
Ukukhanyisa lapho kuzalisa amadada: kungani futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani?
Ukuhlinzeka ngamadada ngokukhanyisa kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lesi sici siqinisekisa ukuthi sihambisana nezimo zangaphandle. Ngokukhethekile, ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwabo badinga ukukhanya kwewashi.
Lapho ama-ducklings amancane ekhula kancane, qala ukudla okuningi futhi uhambe ngokukhululekile, unganciphisa inani lokukhanya okuncane, kufaka phakathi amahora angu-15-17 ngosuku kuphela.
Iziphi izindiza ezidingekayo?
Emva kokuzalwa kwamadada, badinga ukushisa okukhulu, ngoba bazoshona ezindaweni eziphansi. Uma zisuswe besebenzisa i-incubator, ke ngesikhathi sokulala udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa ngo-28 kuya ku-30 ° C, kodwa ngesikhathi esivamile lapho ziziphatha ngokuzikhandla, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-23 ° C.
Phela, ngokubukeka kwemvelo kwama-ducklings, unina ubahlinzekela, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo zokufakelwa, kufanele uhambise lo msebenzi ophetheyo emahlombe akho.
Inyoni ingcono kangakanani inyama?
Kukholelwa ukuthi umhlabeleli we-Mulardov uvumele inyama ibe nezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu ezinyangeni. Uma ubahlinzeka ngokudla okuhle, ngalesi sikhathi bazothola izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zesisindo, futhi inyama izoba yethenda kakhulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi phakathi kwesikhathi phakathi kwezinsuku ezibonisiwe akukhuthazwa ukubulala inyoni, ehlangene nezinqubo zokukhula nokukhulelwa.
