Ngicabanga ukuthi abaningi benu beza nomqondo wokuthi kungani impahla eyinhloko yokusabalalisa amazambane yizilimo eziyizigaxa zayo, hhayi imbewu yayo?
Ingabe ukuphindaphinda imbewu yezambane kungaba nzima kakhulu kumuntu ovamile?
Noma ingabe imbewu idinga noma yiziphi izimo ezikhethekile zokukhula?
Eqinisweni, le ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi inezinzuzo eziningi.
Kodwa ukuze singabonakali singenalutho, sizokwazisa ngokuningiliziwe ngalezi zici zokutshala okunjalo futhi sikufundise ukukhula amazambane amahle kakhulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izilimo eziyizigaxa.
Yiziphi izici zokulima amazambane ngenqubo yembewu: sihlaziye izinzuzo nezingozi
Inkinga enkulu ebonisa abantu ekuthuthukiseni indlela entsha yokuzalela amazambane kungukunciphisa isivuno. Iphuzu liwukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamazambane nokukhula kwazo okuqhubekayo zisebenzisa izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyekezeka ngokushesha noma kamuva.
Ngisho nokudla okunengi, ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokukhethwa kwenhlabathi evundile kakhulu eminyakeni emihlanu, ubona ngokunembile ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokwabo, kanye nenombolo yabo ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa.
Kodwa lokhu akusona ukuphela kwenkinga yamazambane ekhulayo ngendlela evamile, ngoba lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa nazo zithwala izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Yiqiniso, ukuthi ukuphuma kwale nkinga kuvame ukuthenga amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha nokutshalwa kwawo ezweni lakho. Kodwa nokho, cabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukwenza uma kunengqondo ukuthenga imbewu yamazambane?
Yiziphi izinzuzo zale ndlela yamazambane ezikhulayo?
Okokuqala, ukuthenga imbewu kuzokubiza kakhulu. eshibhilekunokuthenga izinhlobo ezintsha zezilimo eziyizigaxa. Futhi, ukugcinwa kwembewu akudingeki ukuba unikeze phansi phansi futhi uhlale ugcina izinga lokushisa elinomsoco nomswakama kulo. Bangakwazi ukukhuluma amanga kuze kufike entwasahlobo ebhokisini enezinqotshwa, ukhukhamba kanye utamatisi.
Ngenkathi ubhala izinzuzo zokuhlwanyela amazambane ngembewu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ukusimama kwezivuno. Phela, ukutshala impahla ekuqaleni akunazifo.
Kuphawulwe futhi ukuzinza okukhulu amazambane aphumela ukulimala okwesikhashana, kanye nezimo ezihlukahlukene ezimbi zemvelo.
Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kumgadi wensimu ngamunye: le ndlela yokulima inika isivuno esikhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kugxile kokubili ubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa nenombolo yabo. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kunqoba inkinga yokutshala okujwayelekile, lapho ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwamazambane amakhulu okutshala, umphumela "yi-fraction 16".
Zikhona yini izimo ezimbi zokutshala imbewu yamazambane futhi ziyini?
Ukuze uthembeke ngokuphelele kuwe, ake sigxile ekuphutheni kwalendlela. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukulimala okunjalo kungaholela ekudidekeni okuphelele. Iqiniso liwukuthi izihlahla nezilimo eziyizigaxa azikhulumi ngaso sonke isikhathi uhlobo olufanayo. Ikakhulukazi, isihlahla ngasinye singabonisa isivuno saso, ubukhulu kanye nombala wezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukumelana nezifo.
Ngakho-ke, lungele ukuvakashela izicathulo zombelethi, njengoba kuzodingeka ukhethe izilimo eziyizigaxa ozithandayo kakhulu emotweni yakho yokutshala ngonyaka ozayo. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezinkinga, kungenzeka ngempela ukuletha emhlabeni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zalesi siko esihle.
Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu yale ndlela. Kumele kuqashelwe futhi:
- Ubunzima ukulima izithombo, ngoba kubonakala ngesimiso sebuthakathaka kakhulu nesingaqinile. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu kuzodingeka kuthathe inhlabathi evulekile kakhulu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kule balimi bebhizinisi batusa ukusebenzisa i-sawdust, lapho kufanele bakhule khona izithombo kuze kufike ku-3-cm ubude.
- Masinyane emva kokuhluma, izithombo zingaziphatheka kabi. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele ukuthi inikeze ukukhanyisa kwelanga okufanako nokuningi, kungenjalo izitshalo zizokhishwa kakhulu.
- Nakuba izithelo zamazambane anjalo ziphikisana kakhulu, amahlumela awo angabhekana kakhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene, okuyingozi kakhulu kulo mnyama. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amalungiselelo afana no-Planriz, i-Trichodermina, ne-Black Yeast kufanele asetshenziswe njalo.
- Izithombo, ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa kabusha, zihlala zibuthakathaka kakhulu, okwandisa amathuba okulimala. Kodwa lapha kuyadingeka ukuzama, ngoba umphumela uzoba khona ngempela.
Imbewu yokuhlwanyela: kuphi ukuqala?
Esimweni seRussia ne-Ukraine, ukutshala amazambane kunconywa ukuba izithombo. Futhi kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, lapho zizohluma ngempumelelo ukuze zikhule kuze kube mzuzu nje wokutshala kabusha.
Ngendlela, imbewu ngokwayo ayidingi ukuthenga, ngoba ungase uzilungiselele ngokwakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, ziqoqwe, ezakhiwe eziqongweni zendawo eluhlaza yesitshalo. Bayihlanganiswe nge-gauze bese beboshelwe endaweni evulekile futhi efudumele. Uma zivuthwa ngokugcwele futhi zithola isakhiwo esincane futhi umbala okhanyayo, kuyokwazi ukuwachoboza ukuze athole imbewu.
Lezi zinsuku kufanele zihlanjululwe futhi zomiswe, bese zifafazwa zibe yizicucu bese zigcinwe kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zembewu nokulungiselela kwabo ukuhlwanyela
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi imbewu yamazambane inezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuhluma, ngakho-ke, imbewu ozoyilungisa, cishe kuyoba ukuvuna okuhle.
Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, okuyokwenza kakhulu ukwandisa amathuba okuhluma. Ikakhulu, kusiza okuningi ukuhamba nabo izinsuku ezimbili emanzini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuhamba, kungenzeka ukufeza ukuqina kwezinhlamvu emazingeni okushisa ahlukene.
Ngesikhathi semini, isitsha esinembewu ehlwanyelwe singashiywa ekamelweni lokushisa elivamile, futhi sithunyelwe ubusuku obuningi esiqandisini ngokushisa kuka-1 ° C. Ngale ndlela, imbewu izolungisa izinguquko zemvelo ekushiseni kwenhlabathi lapho uzokuhlwanyela khona.
Ukuqala ukuhlwanyela kungaba kuphela lapho imbewu ibonakala izimpawu zokuqala kokuhluma. Iqiniso liwukuthi angeke lifanele ukukhula, futhi ungakwazi ukumane uchithe isikhathi sokuwahlwanyela, kodwa ungatholi umphumela.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala amazambane
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamazambane kuyisenzo sokuqala. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngalokho, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kuphela ebhokisini. Sitshilo kakade ukuthi izithombo azizona izithombo ezinhle kakhulu njalo, futhi umhlaba ovulekile uzokwehlisa inkomba yayo ngisho nangaphezulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa ingxube efanele yenhlabathi: sithatha ingxenye eyodwa yenhlabathi evundile, sixubane nezingxenye ezingu-4 ze-peat, engeza umanyolo kanye nokunyakaza kahle.
Iyini isimiso esihle kakhulu sokuhlwanyela imbewu?
Imbewu yamazambane, esevele ikwazi uku "thunyelwa," itshalwe emigqeni ngemigqa. Ama-aisles kufanele abe kabanzi ngokwanele, angaba ngu-10 cm. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izitshalo zithole izakhi ezanele, inani elingaphansi kwenhlabathi ebhokisini elincane, kanye nendawo yokukhula kwengxenye yendawo.
Phakathi kwembewu ongayenza futhi hhayi ukufakwa okuncane okunjalo, kuyoba ngokwanele kanye no-5 cm. Ukumboza imbewu enhlabathini eningi kakhulu akufanelekile, ngoba kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuba isitshalo siphumelele ekukhanyeni. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwesendlalelo sesandza se-0.5 cm. Kumele futhi kuphungulwe kancane, ngoba lapho ukuphuza imbewu encane yamazambane kuyoba lula kakhulu ukugeza phezulu.
Izici ukunakekela amahlumela amazambane
Lezi zithombo zidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, ngokushesha emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, amabhokisi anawo kufanele afakwe ifilimu (ingilazi ingasetshenziswa futhi).
Emva kwalokho, amabhokisi afakwa endaweni enhle efudumele ngaphandle kwemidwebo, ungasebenzisa ngisho nokushisa kwefilimu ngalokhu. Ekugcineni kwazo zonke izincomo ezicacisiwe, amahlumela okuqala azozalwa kakade amasonto amabili. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitshalo ngeke zithole isikhala esanele emabhokisini, ngakho-ke ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga amabili kubo izithombo zihlaselwa phansi.
Kungcono ukuwafaka esikhundleni sezinkomishi ezincane zeplastiki ezinezimbobo ezenziwe ngokukhethekile. Izimbiza ze-Peat zizoba ngcono nakakhulu.
Njengamabhokisi, nakwezinye izindebe zomuthi, kufanele uhlanganise njalo amanzi angabanda futhi ukhula ukhula olukhula. Lapho ukhetha kubaluleke kakhulu izitshalo zokudla nge-ammonium nitrate, okuyinto ekubaluleke kakhulu ekuqhumeni kwabo endaweni entsha.
Ungakhohlwa ukulandela ukukhanya nokushisa. Okokuqala kufanele kube yinto efana njalo futhi egcwele ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zingase zibe zikhanya kakhulu futhi zihlangene. Ngokuphathelene nokushisa, ungavumeli ukuba iwe ngaphansi kwe-10 ° C, ngisho nasebusuku.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshala amazambane ebusika.
Sihlwanyela izithombo zamazambane emhlabathini ovulekile: kanjani ukuthi ungalimazi isivuno esizayo?
Izithombo zamazambane zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Noma yimuphi umonakalo kuwo ungabangela ukulimala okungenakuguquka esitshalweni. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lwempande kulo luyathuthuka futhi lufanelekile ukutshala izithombo kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile futhi olula.
Siyaxwayisa kusengaphambili ukuthi ezinye zezitshalo zingase zife futhi zinganikeli isivuno, kepha nokho ingxenye enkulu izokujabulisa ngokuqinisekile.
Izithombo kanye nesikhathi sokutshala kwabo emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho izithombo zikhula, zingatshalwa ensimini, nakuba zingcono kakhulu emibhedeni.
Kodwa lapha, futhi, ayikwazi ukuhamba ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezinconyiwe. Phela, izithombo zamazambane zithinteka kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungatshalwa kuphela ekupheleni kweqhwa, okungukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi.
Kulokho, udinga ukutshala amazambane ngokujulile ngokwanele: umgodi ugoba cishe amasentimitha angu-10 ubude. Yiqiniso, ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi ufake ama-gramu angu-300 ama-humus bese uthele okungenani isigamu setafula lamanzi.
Kodwa isithombo ngokwawo kufanele scwatshwe emhlabathini ukuze kuphela isiqu esinamaqabunga amathathu asala phezulu.
Uhlelo lokukhuphula amazambane ezivela izithombo
Kuhle ukukhetha uhlelo lokutshala izithombo 70 kuya ku-35 cm. Futhi kungenjalo ungayigodli lesi seluleko, ubheke ubukhulu obuncane bezithombo. Ngikholelwa, uzomthola futhi athathe indawo eyakhelwe yona.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, cishe ngesonto, kunconywa ukuthi ubondle kancane nge-nitrogen fertilizer: ukwenza lokhu, uhlise amagremu angu-30 we-urea ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi bese ufaka kancane esitshalweni ngasinye.
Kubalulekile ukuqala ukulungiselela inhlabathi izithombo zamazambane kusengaphambili. Ngokuyinhloko, ungabi ovilapha kakhulu ukuwugubha kahle.
Yebo, uma inhlabathi izoba nokuzala okuphezulu. Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi, izinto eziphilayo azidingeki ukuba zenezelwe kuyo, kungcono ukufaka ama-humus emgodini ngesikhathi esifanayo nokutshala ngokuqondile kwezithombo (bheka ngenhla).
Mayelana nokuvuna kokuqala nokuthi kungani ungadumala
Amazambane akhula kusuka imbewu afana kakhulu nokusebenzisa indlela efanayo yokukhula no-anyanisi.
Endabeni yokugcina imbewu, kutholakala i-septum, ehloselwe ukutshala ngonyaka ozayo. Ngokufanayo namazambane: isizini sokuqala sinikeza izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane kakhulu, isisindo esiphezulu esingaba ngu-50 amagremu kuphela (kwezinye izimo futhi unakekelwa kahle, amagremu angu-100).
Uma ukhula izithombo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, izitshalo ngezinye izikhathi zifinyelela emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu.
Kusukela ezilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane, ngonyaka ozayo uzokwazi ukuthola amazambane amahle kakhulu wekhwalithi engcono kakhulu. Yilolu hlobo lwamazambane okuthiwa umkhiqizo wokuqala ovame ukuthenga emakethe ngemali enkulu.
Yiqiniso, ukuthi njalo ngonyaka ikhwalithi yamazambane iyancipha kancane kancane. Phela, uma uxhumana nemvelo yangaphandle, nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ukutshala izinto kuzoba umthombo wabo wokuvuna esikhathini esizayo.
Ngakho-ke, uma unyaka wesine wokutshala amazambane anjalo uzothola umkhiqizo okhululekile, bese usuvele u-5-6 uzoba amazambane ajwayelekile, ngaphandle kwezinkomba zokurekhoda. Kulokhu, abalimi abasebenzisa indlela enjalo batusa ukuqala kabusha ukutshalwa "kokutshala amazambane" kakade unyaka wesihlanu.
Ngendlela, abalimi abaningi abangenazihambi ngale ndlela bazuza imali eningi, bengasisebenzisi umzamo omkhulu kuwo.
Imithetho kanye nezici zokunakekela amazambane akhulile kusuka kumbewu
Uma ukhula amazambane ensimini yakho unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke akufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthi ngeke ukwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi. Into eyodwa edinga ukucatshangelwa kusengaphambili yinto eqinile. ubuthakathaka kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwezithombo zamazambane ezikhulile.
Ukuze uthole izinto ezinhle zokutshala zokutshala ngonyaka ozayo, kuzomele uzame ukunikeza izitshalo ngokunakekelwa okuphezulu.
Izithombo zamazambane nobanda: kanjani ukuvikela owokuqala kusukela kwesibili?
I-seedling yesaba kakhulu ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke kungcono kakhulu ukumboza umbhede ngokugoqa amazambane. Kungenzeka ukugcina izitshalo ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela kuze kube yilapho zivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokukhula, zikhule kahle futhi zihlale zihlala kahle.
Khumbula ukuthi amazambane ama-frosted angeke nje akwazi ukunikeza imiphumela emihle ngokuphathelene nokuvuna, kodwa futhi amathuba okuthi lezo zithelo zithinteke yizifo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokuvela kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene.
Ukuphuza amazambane: ingabe lesi sitshalo sidinga umswakama owengeziwe?
Qiniseka ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi amazambane angaba yizinsuku ezimbili amanziikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu somile ngaphandle kwemvula.
Ngempela, ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, lesi sitshalo asihambisani nezimo zangaphandle njengoba kwakunjalo lapho kutshalwa khona.
Ukunisela ikakhulukazi kuyadingeka uma izitshalo zitshalwe endaweni yokushisa, lapho umswakama wemvelo ongenalo ikhono lokungena emhlabathini.
Kodwa uma wena ngokwakho ubona ukuthi umswakama wenhlabathi uphakeme ngokwanele, ngakho-ke akukho ukuchelela okudingekayo, ngoba amanzi angaphezu kwamanzi abuye aphuthele amazambane kanye nokuvuna kwawo.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukhula ukhulule inhlabathi.
Ukukhululeka ngokukhethekile kubalulekile emva kokunisela, uma isikhumba singakha phezu komhlabathi.
Amazambane ama-Hilling: zichitha nini futhi zingaki izikhathi?
Uma ukuphakama kwengxenye engenhla engaphansi kwamanzi amazambane kungamamentimitha angu-10, ukukhuphuka kokuqala kungenziwa, emva kwamasonto ama-2-3 okwesibili kuyodingeka. Phela, lesi sitshalo silokhu sithathwa, kepha isithombo sayo esincane asikwazi ukuzithwala isisindo sayo. Ngosizo lwe-hilling, sinomusa wokusekela isitshalo nomhlaba.
