Wonke umuntu uyazi ngeklabishi omhlophe, ngoba cishe imifino eshibhile engathengwa kalula emakethe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Kodwa ngitshele ukuthi kungani kufanele uthenge uma ungakwazi ukuyilula kalula engadini yakho.
Ngicabanga ukuthi iningi labafundi lizovumelana nalo mqondo, beka umbuzo owodwa ozwakalayo: yiziphi izinhlobo zeklabishi omhlophe ezitshalwe kahle ukuhlinzeka lezi zitshalo unyaka wonke?
Kulo mbuzo esizozama ukuwuqonda lesi sihloko esingezansi, lapho sizokwazisa khona ngezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zokuvuthwa kokuqala, okuphakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Iklabishi elimhlophe elivuthiwe: cishe ngesikhathi sokuvuna kanye nezinhlobo ezinhle
Leli qembu lezinhlobo ezimhlophe zeklabishi ngokuyinhloko lihloselwe ukuba lisetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zisuswe emibhedeni.
Njengoba kuthiwa baqale, bese bevuthisa kuqala ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi semifino yalesi sigaba asihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kuka-105-120, okungukuthi, isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kokuhluma kwenhlanyelo nokukhula okugcwele kwamakhanda amaklabishi.
Ifomu le-hybrid yokuqala yase-Ultra yeklabishi omhlophe "Dawn F1"
Igama elithi "Zarya" liphinde lithwale ezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zalesi sitshalo, nokho le fomu hybrid inezinzuzo eziningi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu sizokutshela nge-hybrid.
Amakhanda ale fomu ye-iklabishi aphakathi kobukhulu obuphakathi, nakuba aphezulu ngokweqile igama elifanayo ngesisindo - isisindo sesisindo sakhe kusuka ku-1.6 kuya ku-2 kilogram.
Iklabishi yangaphakathi yalesi iklabishi inamamitha angu-4-6 ubude, kodwa ingaphandle ingafinyelela ngisho namasentimitha angu-8.
Ukuma kwamakhanda ngokuvamile kubhekwa futhi kuhambelana. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu hybrid ihlukaniswe umbala nokuma kwamaqabunga: oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sokumboza kwe-wax, banqamule kancane noma benikela kancane.
Ukuthinta ubuso beqabunga libushelelezi kakhulu, ngempimbi emincane. Ngenxa yokunambitheka okukhulu, ama-saladi nezinye izitsha ezivela kuwo zihle kakhulu.
Ukuhluma kule fomu ye-hybride kuphezulu kakhulu, okwenza ikakhulukazi kunomthelela omkhulu wamakhanda. Amanzi kunjalo cishe ngasikhathi sinyeNgakho-ke, ukuze usule isikhathi sokuvuthwa, kutuswa ukuba uhlwanyele imbewu ngevolumu ethile.
Ngokuvamile, kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-107 kuya kwezingu-118.
Iyini inani leklabishi elithi "Dawn F1"?
- Inketho ehle kakhulu yokukhula esifundeni sezulu sezulu saseRussia.
- Izitshalo ezisekuqaleni nasezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
- Kukhona ukuphikiswa okuhle kwamakhanda okukhwabanisa.
Ngeshwa, kodwa ama-cabbages aluhlaza alokhu iklabishi anabantu abaningi abaphakanyisiwe batuswa kuphela ukuze bawasebenzise ngokuqondile efomu elisha. Kugcinwa kunjalo hhayi isikhathi eside, futhi akufanele neze ukukhethwa noma ukukhanda.
"I-Dumas F1" - iklabishi yakuqala ye-plantings eqinisiwe
Izinhloko zefomu hybrid "Dumas F1" zinomshini weklabishi we-Classic classic. Umbala wabo uthakazelisa kakhulu: kusuka eluhlaza obumnyama ukukhanya okuluhlaza.
Amaqabunga ayenkulu kakhulu, asheleleke emaphethelweni e-wavy. Izimfanelo zokunambitheka zaleli klabishi zisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, futhi ukubukeka kwezebhizinisi akugcini ngemuva. Njengoba kunesisindo samakhanda ama-kilogram ayi-0.8-1.5, kunenzuzo kakhulu ukuyikhulisa kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya nokudayiswa emakethe.
Imfanelo enhle kakhulu yale iklabishi iwukuthi iyakwazi ukuthela izithelo ngisho nalapho iqina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulimala kuphela kwezolimo kungathonya ubukhulu bezinhloko, okwenza kube lula ukuthola isivuno esikhulu.
Futhi, ama-cabbages "i-Dumas F1" avuthwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu: ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kungena ezinsukwini ezingu-55-57 kusukela ngosuku lokutshala ensimini yezithombo.
Izintandokazi I-ultra-zakuqala iklabishi ehlukahlukene
- Ukumelana okuphakeme kakhulu kumakhanda okuqhekeka, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
- Ikhono lokuhlala kahle emvinini ngaphandle kokulimala kanye nezinguquko ukunambitha.
- Ukuthengiswa okuhle nokunambitha.
Izinkinga zeklabishi "Dumas F1" zihlanganisa kuphela umbuthano omncane wokusetshenziswa kwawo futhi ukuphila kwesikhala esincane.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zeklabishi lesikhathi sonyaka-ikakhulukazi engadini yakho yemifino
Indawo yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziphakathi kokuvuthwa kweklabishi omhlophe ingaphezulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okusha ekwindla.
Kungaba mnandi, kuphela ukugcina ukunambitheka kwayo kule fomu ngeke kube isikhathi eside - izinyanga ezingu-3-4 kuphela. Ukuvuthwa kweklabishi enjalo akuza emva kwesikhathi eside - izinsuku ezingu-130 emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Iklabishi emhlophe emaphakathi nonyaka "Isipho" - umhlobiso omuhle wombhede wakho wensimu
Ukuma kwamakhanda alezi zinhlobonhlobo kuvame ukutholakala nxazonke noma nxazonke. Banobuningi obuphakathi, kodwa bahlukile embala webala elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isici sezinhlobonhlobo ubuhle futhi bubuhle obuhle bamaqabunga, okwenza kube khona ukubonakala kwe-wax phezu kwabo.
Imisa yamakhanda uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zakuqala, umane umangalisa - kusuka ku-2.5 ukuya ku-4, noma ngisho no-5 kilogram. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunambitheka kweklabishi "Isipho" kuphezulu.
Ibanga alihlosiwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa okusha, kodwa futhi ngokugcwele kufanelekile ukuvutshelwa nokusawoti.
Izithelo iklabishi "Gift" kuhle kakhulu. Uma uhloma uhlelo lwakhe 0.5 kuya ku-0.6 wamamitha kusuka endaweni eyi-1m2 ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ungavuna kuze kube ngu-15 kilogram. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinsiza ezitshaliwe ekutshaleni leli klabishi zihlawulwa ngokweqile izitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuthwa okuphelele kwamakhanda kungase kwenzeke ngisho nangemva kwezinsuku ezingu-120, nakuba ukubhekwa okunye noma ukukhipha iklabishi kufanele kugcinwe kancane emibhedeni.
Iyini ibanga elilinganisiwe futhi liyiqhosha ngani?
- Isici esibaluleke kakhulu futhi inzuzo yalesi iklabishi ukuthi izimila zikhula kahle futhi ziveza izithelo ngisho nasezimo zaseSiberia nase-Ural izifunda zaseRussia. Ayikho iphuzu ngisho nokukhuluma ngezinye izifunda, ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezithandekayo izinhlobonhlobo zinikeza izivuno ezingcono kakhulu.
- Ama-cobs amasha agcinwa izinyanga ezingu-4.
- Ukunambitheka okuvelele nokwethulwa kweklabishi ephumela.
- Izinhlobonhlobo cishe azikho amaphutha, kudinga kuphela ukugcinwa ngokucophelela, imikhuba emihle yokulima kanye nokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo zesifo.
Ifomu le-hybrid leklabishi elide elide "Menza F1": yiziphi izinto ezikhethekile ezizifihla ngokwazo?
Ngokwesayizi wamakhanda ayo, lokhu kuhlukahluka kubhekwa njengerekhodi elikhulu: isisindo zingashintsha kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-9 kilogram. Ngakho-ke, into esemqoka akufanele ibe nobuvila ngokunakekelwa nokudla - iklabishi ngeke ihlale isikweletu.
Izinhloko zama-cabbies zinezakhiwo ezizungezile, iziqu zazo ziyingcosana kakhulu, ikakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nobukhulu bayo. Abalimi abanomdlandla kakhulu, bathi ngokunakekelwa kahle nokutshala izithombo kulolu hlelo 0.9 ngamamitha angu-0.6, izinhloko zeklabishi ziphumelele ngisho nangama-kilogram ayi-15.
Ngakho kuyisono sokungazami. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, le iklabishi ingasetshenziselwa kokubili fresh nokugcina.
Njengoba izinhloko zale iklabishi zakhiwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke isivuno ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi iphezulu. Yiqiniso, ukuthi kuncike kakhulu ekunakekeleni nasekukhuliseni, kepha ngisho nasendlini engadini engenalwazi, lokhu akuwona umsebenzi omkhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokuvuthwa kweklabishi iMenza F1 sinhle kakhulu - izimila zihlala cishe izinsuku ezingu-110 kusukela ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha. Into enhle kakhulu ukuthi lesi sitshalo singaziqhayisa isivuno esihle lapho sitshala cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zezulu zaseRussia.
Izintandokaziokuyinto ehlukanisa le fomu hybrid:
- Ubukhulu obukhulu bezithelo kanye nekhwalithi yabo enhle.
- Amandla okugcina emvinini (amasonto amabili ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe).
- Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvuna, lokhu kuhlukahluka kugcinwa kuze kube nguFebhuwari.
Kunzima ukukhuluma ngeziphambeko zefomu elihle le-hybrid, ngoba ngokujwayelekile azikho. Into ewukuphela kokukwazi ukunqotshwa yizilokazane nezifo ezihlukahlukene, okuvela kuzo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezingavunyelwe.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zekholifulawa
Iklabishi elimhlophe elilindelekile nezinhlobo zalo
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi singafinyelela ngisho nezinsuku ezingu-180, nakuba kunjalo yizinhlobo zakamuva. Mayelana nalokhu, ayikwazi ukutshala kuzo zonke izifunda, ngisho naphezu kokumelana nokushisa kwama-frost amaningi ezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene nokugcinwa, iklabishi enqoba noma yimuphi umncintiswano. Izithelo zawo zingatholakala emakethe kuze kube yizinhlobo zokuqala zakuqala.
Iyiphi iklabishi emhlophe ephuzile ephuzile "I-Amager": yazi kangako nezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhloko zaleli klabishi zinezinga eliphakeme, elilinganisa kusuka ku-2.3 kuya ku-3.6 kilogram, nakuba lokhu kuvela kude. Zine-stump yangaphandle kakhulu, ubude obungaba ngu-28 centimeters.
Iklabishi ishiya "i-Amager" inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ehlanganiswe noqweqwe oluthile lwe-wax, okwenza kube lula kakhulu. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga angaba abushelelezi futhi abanzi.
Inhloko yangaphakathi yekhanda inebukhulu obuphakathi. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe, izimfanelo zokugqoka iklabishi zihle kakhulu, kodwa zithuthukiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugcina kwasebusika.
Fruiting le iklabishi kuhle kakhulu, nakuba kamuva (kulokho, yiqiniso, kukhona izinzuzo). Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bezinhloko kuqala cishe kwezinsuku ezingu-117-148 emva kokutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile.
Izimila azivuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kahle. Ngokuyinhloko, isitshalo esigcwele samathani angama-35-60 singavuna emasimini ehektheleni.
Ngokufushane mayelana nenani leklabishi "i-Amader" yokulima ingadi:
- Izinhlobonhlobo eziphezulu ezithela izithelo zekhwalithi eliphezulu, ezifanele ukugcina isikhathi eside nokuhamba.
- Ukuzinza kwamakhanda ngaphambi kokuqhekeka.
- Ikhulile ngokuphelele endaweni engezansi nephakathi ephakathi kwezwe laseRussia.
Ngeshwa, kodwa ukumelana nezifo kuleli klabishi akuyona ephakeme. Iklabishi ikakhulukazi engathintekayo "i-Amader" ekubhekaneni kwe-vasterium.
I-Fusarium wilt nayo ijwayelekile. Futhi, lapho ugcina amakhanda eklabishi, kungabangela isikhunta esibucayi nesikhomba se-necrosis.
Ifomu iklabishi elisezingeni elizayo "i-Kolobok F1"
Ukuma kwamakhanda ala klabishi kuvame ukutholakala nxazonke. Ngokwesakhiwo, zinzima kakhulu futhi zilinganiselwa ku-2-3 kilogram.
I-plus plus isiqu esifushane kakhulu, nakuba ongaphandle akuyona isikhathi eside kakhulu. Konke lokhu kwenza iklabishi "i-Kolobok F1" ihlanganiswe kakhulu, okungaba isizathu segama elinjalo.
Ngokuqondene nombala wamaqabunga, ama-outer ane umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nakuba ekunqunyeni lokhu iklabishi imhlophe. Iklabishi enjalo inhle kakhulu kumfucumfucu, nakuba igcinwa isanda isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulimazwa yi-PIN necrosis.
Iklabishi ye-Kolobok F1 ikhiqiza, evuthiwe ezinsukwini ezingu-115-125 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo, kunezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu. Indawo engama-1m2 ingakunika 7 kilogram yezithelo ezinhle, kanti ukutshala okwanele kuyamukeleka kulezi ezihlukahlukene - 0.5 ngamamitha angu-0.4.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi nge-hybrid kuyamukeleka ukukhula kokubili ngosizo lwezithombo kanye nendlela engenambewu.
Okuphawulekayo kakhulu izici kuchazwe iklabishi ehlukahlukene:
- Uma ukhulile ensimini, kukhona ukumelana okuhle ne-bacteriosis yama-mucous and vascular, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubola, kanye nokufisa isitshalo.
- Isitoreji eside kakhulu sesitshalo - kuze kuphele izinyanga ezingu-8-10 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Ukungahle kwale fomu hybrid ekukhuleni kwakungabonakali. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kunomonakalo yizilokazane, okungavinjelwa ekuthunzeni umlotha okhuni.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngokutshala iklabishi omhlophe: izici eziyinhloko
- Imbewu yokuhlwanyela ingaqala ekuqaleni kukaMashi, kodwa kubalulekile ukugxila ezintweni ezithile zesimo sezulu sakho nokuthi ngabe kungenzeka yini ukutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile ezinsukwini ezingama-30-40. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukuwaphatha ngamanzi abilayo namanzi.
- Imbewu ihanjiswe ekujuleni kwe-1 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu emibili lingama-3-4 centimitha.
- Kakade ezinsukwini ezingu-12-15 ubudala, izithombo zingaqala ukugwaza, zithwala amabhokisi ngazo emoyeni omusha nangaphansi kwemisebe yelanga.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ungakhohlwa ukuba ulungiselele ngokucophelela imibhede: zimbambe ngokucophelela futhi usebenzise umquba ophilayo.
- Ukutshala izithombo kwenziwa ngokubonakala kwayo kwamaqabunga ama-3-4 weqiniso. Uhlelo lokutshala kufanele lube yilowo nalowo ekilasini ngalinye, ngokucabangela ubukhulu obungenzeka bamakhanda abo.
- Emva kokutshala, izitshalo zidinga ukuchelela njalo nokugqoka. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuhlala uhlanzekile ensimini, ususe wonke ukhula.
Izici ukunakekelwa iklabishi omhlophe ngesikhathi sokukhula
Ukunakekela iklabishi ngeke kuphele. Ngokukhethekile, ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala endaweni evulekile zidinga ukuchelela okuningi 2 izikhathi ngesonto - izindleko zokusebenzisa cishe 6 amalitha amanzi endaweni ngayinye ye-1m2.
Kamuva ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane, kodwa kuningi kakhulu. Futhi, okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga iklabishi kufanele yengezwe ngezixazululo ezivela kumquba noma umquba wezinkukhu. Amaminerali amaminerali ayasetshenziswa kakhulu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokulimala kwezitshalo yizinambuzane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi ugcine iklabishi ukuze uthuthule umlotha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uphefute ngezixazululo zephepha le-anyanisi noma i-burdock.
Ezinye izinambuzane zingase futhi zesabe isixazululo sezitholela utamatisi. Isilinganiso sokuvimbela futhi siphethini sokushintsha kwezitshalo njalo engadini.
