Igama lesiLatini elithi Ribes nigrum lihunyushwa ngesiRussia ngokuthi "i-currant emnyama".
Amajikijolo alesi sitshalo awusizo kakhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezici ezilandelanayo eziyingxenye ye-pulp kanye ne-rind yalezi "amapharele" amnyama.
Amavithamini C, B, P, i-citric acid, i-glucose. Lena akuyona yonke uhlu lwamakhemikhali awusizo aqukethwe kuma-currants amnyama.
Ngaphandle kwekhwalithi yabo yokudla okunomsoco kanye ne-vithamini, la majikijolo anganciphisa amazinga ashukela egazini, anciphise amathuba okuba nomdlavuza kanye ne-Alzheimer's, kanye nokuthuthukisa umbono.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-currant emnyama? Impendulo ephelele yalo mbuzo ingatholakala emininingwaneni enikeziwe ngezansi.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ze-currant emnyama, futhi ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo azo zonke izinhlobo kuhluke. Ngisho nasegourmet enhle kunazo zonke kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ze-currant emnyama, okuzokwenyuka ngokumnandi kwayo.
Ibanga "Ithemba"
Ama-currants asekuqaleni afinyelelwe ezinhlobonhlobo "i-Oryol Jubilee" ne "Primorsky Giant". Abalobi yi-TP. Ogoltsova noL.V. Bayanova, abangabasebenzi be-Institute of izithelo izitshalo
Ukuvuna kokuqala kuyotholakala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Izimila zinkulu, zimila, amagatsha aqine eduze komunye nomunye.
Amahlumela akhule aqondile, aqina, ahlaza okwesibhakabhakeni, ashicilelwe. Ama-buds amakhulu, amaqabunga ahlotshisiwe phezulu, ama-pink aphuzi embala, akhiwa ngokufana ne-axis of the shoot.
Iqabunga laleli currant linamahlumela amahlanu, amaqabunga ngokwawo ankulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enemibala ejulile. Ama-blades abukhali emaphethelweni, ophakathi aphezulu kunabo bonke abanye futhi ukhula ngesimo sontathu.
Izimbali zinkulu, zifakwe njengebell. Ukubhubhisa kuncane (kufikela ku-7 cm ubude), ngokwanele kakhulu, kuncibilika.
Amajikijolo akhulu kakhulu (kufika ku-4.2 g ngesisindo), nxazonke, emnyama, ngenani lembewu encane. I-currant yokudla "Ithemba" eliphezulu, i-asidi noshukela ebhalansi.
Le currant ayimelene nesithwathwa, ayithinteki izifo eziningi nezinambuzane (i-powdery isikhutha, i-anthracnose, i-septoria, i-kidney mite). Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingabhekwa ngokuzikhiqiza (61%). Izithelo zingavuna hhayi ngesandla, kodwa ngokuyimishini, futhi isivuno ngeke sihlakulele. Ukulinganisa isilinganiso - 1.5 kg ehlathini.
I-currant ebomvu "Ithemba" udinga ukukhetha nokweqa njengamanye izinhlobo. Lapho ukhetha izithombo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ezimpandeni, okungafanele kumile noma kubonakale.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ingxenye yangaphandle yokubalekela. Kumele ubukeke uphilile, ungabi nomonakalo futhi ubeke ngokuthula umthelela omncane womshini. Izithombo zokushayela kudingeka zidonsa 50h50h50 ubone
Ukunakekelwa kwalezi zihlahla kuyinto evamile futhi akukho ukungafani kusuka izinqubo ezifanayo okufanele kwenziwe ngezinye izitshalo nezithelo berry. Ukuphuza okuningi, ukulima nokuhlanganiswa komhlaba, ukusika izihlahla "ezimbi" yizinqubo ezijwayelekile.
Futhi akulimazi ukuqhuba ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngezidakamizwa ezilwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ibanga "Selechenskaya - 2"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ze-currant emnyama. Kwasungulwa ku-Institute of Lupine A.I. I-Astakhov ne-L.I. UZueva, owawela ifomu 42-7 no-4-1-116.
Ukulimala kuqala ngehora lokuqala likaJulayi. Izitshalo ziqondile, zinamandla. Amaqabunga angama-three-lobed, ubukhulu obuphakathi, obumnyama obumbala, obunemibimbi emincane.
I-blade ngayinye ilinde ngokwanele ngokuphela okubukhali. Izimbali zinhle kakhulu, umbala obomvu obomvu.
Izimbali ezivela ku-8 kuya kwezingu-14 zakhiwa ebhulashini ngalinye, ibhulashi ngokwayo ligobile kancane, ngaphandle kwe-pubescence. Amajikijolo akhulu (5.5 - 6.5 g), nxazonke, abamnyama, benesikhumba esicwebezelayo. Ukunambitha kulinganiswa ngamaphuzu aphezulu., ehambisana kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezithelo kuyomile. Inhloso iyonke. Ukukhiqiza kuncike kwikhwalithi yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, inani lezithelo eziqoqwe ezihlahleni - 1.7-2.8 kg.
Izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zithatha ngokushesha izimpande futhi zivumelane nezimo ezicacile zezimo zezulu zesifunda. Kukhona umkhuhlane wezifo eziningi ze-currant.
Isihluthulelo sokuthola ukuvunwa okuhle nokuphila kwehlathini yikhwalithi yezithombo. Kumelwe kube ukubukeka okuhle, okunempilo, hhayi ukuphumula ngaphansi kwemithwalo ebuthakathaka futhi ibe nezimpande ezinempilo.
Uhlelo lwempande kufanele lube namagatsha angu-2 kuya ku-3, okuyinto ngaphambi kokutshala kuyodingeka ikhwekwe ku-7 cm ubude. Kumele futhi unciphise iziqongo zamahlumela ukuze kungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 kuya ku-6 efihlekile. Iphethini lokufika livamile.
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezimo zezulu ezingaguquki, izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zizokwazi ukulwa nesomiso kuphela, kodwa futhi nokunyuka komhlaba. Kodwa kungcono ukwenza ukuchelela njalo futhi okuncane, ukuze ibhalansi yamanzi ikhona emhlabathini.
I-mulch izovimbela ukuvela kokhula, futhi ukukhulula inhlabathi kuyokwandisa ukufinyelela kwe-oksijini ezimpandeni.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Exotica"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, izithelo ziqala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Umphumela womsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wabalimi TP Ogoltsova, Z.S. Zotovoy, S.D. Knyazev noL.V. I-Bayanova evela e-All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Planting Breeding Plant kanye neSiberia eHorticultural Research Institute.
Izitshalo ziqondile, hhayi ezincane kakhulu, kodwa zinamandla. Amahlumela amancane ombala okhanyayo obala, ngaphandle kwe-pubescence, ngobubanzi obukhulu ngokwanele. Ama-buds amancane, ama-pink, ama-asymmetric efana ne-tip ephikisayo.
Amaqabunga anama-five-lobed, amakhulu kakhulu, enobuso obukhulu futhi obugobile, obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-sheen encane ekhanyayo. I-lobe ephakathi yesimo se-triangular, esikhulu kunayo yonke, enezinhloso ezikhomba.
Zonke ezinye izinqubo zinephuzu elimnandi, elincane ngobude. Izimbali zinkulu, zinemibala emincane. Amabhulashi aphakathi, hlala phansi, uhlele ama-berries angu-8 kuya ku-10 ku-shayela eyodwa.
Amajikijolo akhulu (kufika ku-6.5 g), nxazonke, emnyama embala, ekhanyayo elangeni, enesikhumba esincane. Inyama enhle futhi enomuncu, iphunga elimnandi kakhulu, linomphumela oqabulayo.
Inhloso yamajikijolo kuleli klasi iyonke. Izithelo eziphakathi - 1 kg ehlathini. Izihlahla zingu-55% ezithintekayo, eziphikisana nokushisa okushisayo, ezingathinteki yi-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-collar rust.
Izimila zinokuphikisana kabi ne-anthracnose, i-septoria ne-Budge mite. Amajikijolo e-currant "i-Exotica" ngeke aphazamise ngendlela yokuvuna.
Iphethini lokufika livamile. Izidingo zezitshalo nazo zivamile. Masinyane emva kokutshala, imbewu ngayinye kumele ichithe kakhulu.
Ukunisela, ukuxubha kanye nokukhulula inhlabathi kungenazo izici. Kuyaqinisekile ukucubungula amahlathi kusuka e-anthracnose nase-septoriafuthi ukulandelela ukubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuba khona kwesibalo sezinso.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshala nokunakekela i-currants ebomvu.
I-Grade "Dobrynya"
Ukuhlukahluka okuphakathi kwesikhathi, izithelo zivuthwe yi-decade yesibili kaJulayi. Wadalwa ngenkathi ewela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "I-Raisin" futhi uhlanganisa 42-7 A.I. I-Astakhov e-Institute of Lupine.
Izimila zinomthelela kakhulu, njengoba ziyi-sredneroslye. Amagatsha amancane aphakathi ububanzi obuphakathi, awanamaphiko, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-aluhlaza, angabi shiny, ane-pubescence encane.
Amaqabunga awakhiwa ngamacu amathathu, ubukhulu bekhasi leqabunga lingaba kokubili nangaphakathi. Amaqabunga ngokwawo ahlaza, anemibimbi.
Izimbali zinkulu, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amabhulabhisi aqinile, aphikisana kancane, ombala ohlaza, kuzo zonke izimbali ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-10. Izithelo zinkulu (5.5 - 6.5 g), i-elliptical, emnyama, enesikhumba esicwebezelayo nesinyene.
Amajikijolo anokumnandi kakhulu, ngamanothi amnandi futhi anomuncu. Inombolo yezithelo ezivela kwisitshalo esisodwa ngokwesilinganiso yi-1.5 - 2.5 kg.
Isihlahla se-currant "Dobrynya" sibekezelela ngokushelela ukushintshashintsha okuncane kokushisa, kanye nesomiso esifushane. Akuthintwa yi-powdery isikhuthakodwa ingase ihlupheke kwezinye izifo ze-fungal, kanye nesifo sezinso.
Izihlahla ezincane zokutshala kufanele zibukeke kahle futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Beka phansi ngendlela evamile. Ukunakekela izithombo nakho kujwayelekile.
Ukunakekela okuvamile. Kudingekile ukucubungula amahlathi ngokumelene nama-fungus nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene izikhathi ezintathu ngezikhathi ezithile, kungenjalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphulukisa ngokuphelele izitshalo kamuva.
Hlunga "i-Leningrad enkulu"
Ukuhlukahluka okuphakathi kokuqala okudalwe ngu-E.N. Glebova no-A.I. I-Potashova eSt. Petersburg State Agrarian University, futhi ingumphumela wokuvota kwe-currant yaseStakhanovka i-Altai ngenhlanganisela yempova kusukela embukisweni nase-pollen engekho.
Izitshalo zide, ziqondile, futhi ubukhulu babo banda ngesikhathi se-fruiting. Amagatsha amancane aqinile, aqondile, ne-pubescence, eluhlaza okombala, amathiphu amahlumela anemibala.
Emadlelweni amakhulu, amahlumela amahle ahlanganiswa, okungukuthi, izingcezu ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-8 zenziwa ndawonye. Ama-"amahlumela" amancane afana nezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-currant, kuhlanganise ne-Leningrad Giant.
Ukunciphisa ama-buds, kodwa umbala okhanyayo, omeyi, obomvu-magenta obomvu, owenziwe kusuka emahlumela. Amaqabunga amakhulu, anama-lobes amahlanu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala nombala we-matte.
I-lobe ephakathi yiyona ende kunazo zonke, eningi kakhulu, enephuzu esiphambanweni. Izimbali zinkulu, izimpondo zidwetshwe ngokubomvu okubomvu. Ama-brushes ahlukile, kukhona kokubili okufushane futhi okude, izithelo ezingu-6 kuya ku-13 zakhiwa ngokushayela eyodwa.
Amajikijolo aphakathi (1.2 - 2.2 g), nxazonke, omnyama ombala, enesikhumba esicwebezelayo esincane.
Naphezu kwekhefu elomile, izithelo ngeke ziqhume. Ukunambitheka kwe-pulp kuhle kakhulu, futhi izithelo zaleli currant zinomthelela othakazelisayo.
Ukuvunwa okuphezulu (3 - 4.5 kg kusuka kwesitshalo esisodwa), ukuvota impova kungaphezu kuka-50%. Amajikijolo angaqoqwa ngendlela efanele. Futhi ibanga ukumelana nokushisa kwehla, kodwa amagatsha angaphula ngaphansi kwemimoya eqinile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-fruiting.
Futhi, i- "Leningrad Giant" ayinayo igciwane elikhethekile lokutheleleka kwe-fungal nezinambuzane.
Izithombo kufanele zibukeke kahle, akufanele ziphule ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Futhi, akumele kube khona izibonakaliso zokulimala noma ukulimala kwezinambuzane. Iphethini lokufika livamile.
Ukunakekela kuvamile. Lapho ulungisa imibhede ebusika, kufanele uthathe ukunakekelwa ukuze uvikele izihlahla ezivela ehlathini, njengoba abanye babo bengeke bakwazi ukubuyela emoyeni webusika obandayo. Kubalulekile ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezifo zefungal kanye nama-parasites, okungabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nezihlahla, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ekuvuneni esizayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "i-Anniversary Copan"
Izihlahla eziphakathi kwe-currant ezithela izithelo okwesibili - ishumi lesithathu likaJulayi.
Okufaniswe ngu izithelo eziphezulu, ukuzimela, ukuzivikela okuhle kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nama-parasites, kanye nokukwazi ukubekezelela ukungabi nomswakama.
Lezi zihlukahlukene kufanelekile ukuvunwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Izihlahla zalesi currant ziphakeme, zikhula phakathi. Amahlumela ayinde futhi anzima, aguqe kahle.
Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso se-Brushes, kahle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeJubilee Kopania zenziwa ngo-1983 lapho zidluliswa ezihlukahlukene "Izindaba Prykarpatsya" kanye nefomu hybrid C-106. "Umzali" wokugcina wangena ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zokuphikiswa kuzo zonke izifo ezaziwayo nezimpungushe.
Abalobi yi-K.N. I-Kopan no-V.P. I-Kopan. Amajikijolo ayinkulu, afinyelela ku-4-4.5 g ngesisindo, i-oval-spherical, emnyama, enesikhumba esicwebezelayo nesigcina.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezithelo kuyomile. Inyama amajikijolo inhle futhi anomuncu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ne-flavour cishe engavamile. Amajikijolo avuthwe cishe kanyekanye, afanele ukusetshenziswa okusha noma izinhlobo ezahlukene zokucubungula.
Izithombo kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Into esemqoka ukuthi bayaphila. Ezingxenyeni ezincane ngokunembile zisinda esimweni sezulu esincane kakhulu, ngokushesha emva kokutshala, kufanele sihlanganiswe okwesikhashana.
Iphethini lokufika livamile. Ekupheleni kokutshala isihlahla ngasinye kuzodinga amanzi kanye nembozaukuze bonke bazizwe bekhululekile. Ngaphambi kokutshala kunconywa ukuthi udibanise izimpande kwi-mash yobumba.
Ukunakekelwa kuyinto evamile kakhulu, okungukuthi, kubalulekile ukumanisela futhi kuthungele inhlabathi. Lezi zitshalo azidingi ukwelashwa, kodwa ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, ungahlanza izihlahla ngamalungiselelo afanele izikhathi ezimbalwa.
Kumele futhi ususe izingxenye eziphukile noma ezilimazekile zamahlumela ukuze zingasusi "amandla amakhulu" avela engxenyeni enempilo yamahlathi.
Manje ungabona ukuthi akukho lutho olusindayo ekukhuleni kwama-black currants. Uma usuvele usitshale ukhukhamba noma utamatisi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo usuqedile isiteji sesithombo, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile uzobhekana nezihlahla ze-currant ezimnyama.
