Kunezinzuzo eziningi ekukhuleni eBeijing, ngisho nokuthi ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zokuphakama okuphakathi ungathola kalula isivuno ezimbili ngesikhathi ngasinye.
Futhi, leli klabishi linenani elikhulu kakhulu lezakhi zomzimba, futhi nje imifino ehlwabusayo. Kodwa namanje, abaningi bahlala bethembekile eklabishi elimhlophe elivamile.
Namuhla sizozama ukukhipha zonke izinkolelo mayelana nokungaqiniseki kwemibandela yethu yokukhula "kokubheka" nokuthi kunzima ukuyikhula.
Yiqiniso, ngeke sikhohlwe ukukhuluma ngomzabalazo ngezinkinga ezintathu eziyinhloko ezivame ukuvela lapho kutshalwa le mifino ngabalimi abangenalwazi: ukuqhuma, isibhamu kanye ne-mucus.
Iklabishi Beijing: kanjani ukulungiselela ukutshala?
Ukulungiselela ukutshala kungenye yezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke uhlelo lokutshala iklabishi. Emva kwakho konke, uma kungalungile ukulungiselela izinto zokutshala, khetha indawo embi ukuze ukhule, ungadli inhlabathi ngamanyolo, ngakho-ke awusoze ube nethemba lesitshalo esihle.
Ikakhulukazi uma ukhula iklabishi iklabishi, udinga ukuba uqaphele kakhulu, futhi okungenani uzibophe ngaphambi kwalokhu ezingeni lesayensi.
Yiziphi izici ezihlukahlukene zokukhula "ukuphakama": ukushisa, isimo sezulu kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile
Sengakhulume lokho, ngokucabangela iklabishi ye-Peking njengesitshalo sase-Asia, abaningi bayibheka ngokungalungile ukuthi akufanelekile ukulima endaweni yesimo sezulu esiphakathi.
Kodwa eqinisweni, izinto zihluke ngokuphelele, ngoba esimweni esishisayo kakhulu sosuku olukhanyayo, lesi sitshalo silwa nomcibisholo ngembewu, ngaphandle kokwenza amakhanda afanele abalimi.
Ngakho-ke, isimo sethu sezulu sifanele "ukukhonsa" kanye nokusemandleni, futhi sibuye sivumele ukuba sithole isivuno esisodwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti okwesibini ekwindla.
Ukushisa okunamandla kokukhula kwalo kuvela ku-13 kuya ku-20ºС. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, lesi sitshalo ngeke sikhule nhlobo, futhi lapho kusetshenzwa khona izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kuzoqala umcibisholo.
Indawo okumele ikhule "ukukhonsa" kufanele ikhethwe ilanga, nakuba kungadingeki likhohlwe ukuthi ukukhanya ngokweqile kungalimaza.
Ukuvimbela lokhu, abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba basebenzise isamba esikhethekile esingewona. Kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu uma ikhula iklabishi yaseShayina, ngoba:
- Ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela ezincane izithombo kanye izithombo ngeke besabe frosts. Ngempela, naphezu kokumelana nokushisa okuphansi ezindaweni zezitshalo abadala, abantu abasha bayakwazi ukuthola lokhu.
- Umshini onjalo uyoba indawo yokubaluleka esemqoka yeklabishi kusukela ekushiseni okukhulu elangeni.
- I-toilevas ngeke idlule ngokwayo ngokuphelele yonke imvula, isindise iklabishi kusukela ekugqithiseni komswakama emhlabathini. Ngendlela, umswakama ophezulu ovame ukudala lesi sitshalo ukuthi sibole.
- Izitshalo ezifihliwe ngezinye izikhathi zonakaliswa kancane yisitha sabo esihlasela kakhulu, i-midge cruciferous, ehluleka ukuthola izitshalo ngaphansi kwekhava.
Njengoba kungenzeka usuqonde kakade, kungcono ukuthi ungatshala iklabishi yePeking kulezo zibhebhe lapho umswakama usondelene kakhulu. Phela, ingozi ngeke ibe yindlela yokubola yezimpande kuphela, kodwa nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ngobuningi bomswakama, umhlaba ungabanda kakhulu noma ushise kakhulu, futhi awunasidingo esitshalweni esichazwe.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezakhula engadini ngaphambili. Iklabishi engcono kakhulu ye-Peking izokhula kuphela emva kellicisi, anyanisi, izaqathe, amazambane kanye namakhukhamba.
Ngakho-ke, kusukela embhedeni owodwa kusukela entwasahlobo ungathola i-garlic / anyanisi / ikhukhamba, futhi ekwindla sikhula enye yokugaya.
Sikhetha inhlabathi futhi silungiselele ukutshala iklabishi ye-Peking
Ngokuqondene nenhlobo evumelekile yenhlabathi yokukhula "ukuphakama", impendulo ngeke neze isebenze.
Lesi sitshalo singathela izithelo kahle kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, uma unakekelwa kahle.
Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukukhetha ukukhanya, kuvundile futhi kukwazi ukudlula umswakama, ungayibambe isikhathi eside (okungukuthi, kufanele uqede ngokuphelele inhlabathi yobumba).
Inketho enhle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi ziyi-loam.
Ngokuba izithombo ezikhulayo, i-humus ivame ukuxubana ne-coconut substrate, futhi okulandelayo kufanele kuthathwe kabili kakhulu.
Imiphumela emihle ibonise ingxube yezwe le-turf ngokufaka inani elifanayo le-peat. Inhlabathi enjalo iyoba nomsoco kakhulu embewu, ngakho-ke, ngokufudumala nangokunisela okuhle, izithombo zivele kuwo ngokushesha.
Uma uhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, uhhafu wehektare lama-humus kanye nenani elincane lomswakama lengeziwe emthonjeni ngamunye, futhi kuvuselela amahlumela nokukhula okuqhubekayo kweklabishi.
Uma uhlwanyela izithombo, umbhede kufanele uqale ukucubungulwa, wengeze inani elincanyana lama-humus kuwo (nakuba noma umbhede ungavuthi, khona-ke inani lemanyolo kufanele landa).
Futhi, imibhede enkulu kakhulu yokutshala i-Peking iklabishi ayikhuthazwa. Kungcono ukwenza kancane, ngamathanga ajulile ezinhlangothini, lapho umswakama owedlulele uyogeleza khona.
Yiziphi izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "ukuphakama": isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokuvunwa
Ngokuvamile, iklabishi yasePeking ibhekwa njengesitshalo sekusasa kakhulu, kodwa futhi inezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvuthwa. Ngakho-ke, kunezikhathi zokuqala ezivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-40-55 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu, eziphakathi - isitshalo sifanele sisebenzise ezinsukwini ezingu-55-60, futhi isikhathi sekwephuzile esingakhula ngisho nezinsuku ezingu-80.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi yaseShayina, ngakho-ke bonke abalimi bayavuma ukuthi okungcono kakhulu yizinhlobo zamaDashi. Masiqambe igama elidume kakhulu kubo:
- Iklabishi yokuqala yasePeking iboniswa izinhlobo ezinjenge-"Orange Mandarin" (okuhlwanyela kakhulu entwasahlobo, ama-cabbages atholakala kufike ku-1 kilogram), "uVesnyanka" (ama-cabbages awunkulu, kodwa avuthwe ngokushesha, ayamelana), "Asten" (kusukela ekutshaleni izithombo kuya ku-vyzrvaniya 1-1.1 ama-cobs kilogram uthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-55), kanye ne-Sprinkin (inambitheka kahle futhi ingagcinwa isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuqoqwa).
- Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivuthiwe, "I-Glass" ibhekwa njengeyona engcono kunazo zonke (inamakhanda amakhulu amakhulu - kufika ku-2 kilograms ngesisindo), "Bilko" (isici se-cabbages enesisindo esingama-1.5 kilogram kanye nokunambitheka okuhle), i-Vorozheya (cishe ayikho imicibisholo, izithelo ezinesisindo 2 kilogram).
- Ngezinhlobo eziphelile zeklabishi yaseShayina, kubalulekile ukufaka "usayizi waseRussia" (umholi ngobukhulu bezinhloko ngu-3-4 kilogram), "Nick" (izithelo ze-ellipsoid ezilingana no-3 kilogram; ungabilisa njengeklabishi ejwayelekile emhlophe), "Parkin" ( izithelo ezincane ezilingana no-1 kilogram, kodwa ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu).
Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yeklabishi kubonakala nokulula okungakaze kube khona, ngoba akudingi ngisho nokudumala.
Ngokuvamile, imbewu ethengiwe ingathunyelwa kalula enhlabathini futhi ingakhathazeki ngokuthi izokhula noma cha.
Uma kwenzeka ukhulile imbewu noma othile ekukhokhelise kancane, ezimbalwa zazo zidinga ukuhlwanyelwa ukuze zihlole ukufaneleka kwazo konke ukuhlwanyela. Ukwenza lokhu, zibekwe eceleni kwesikhumba samanzi, zimbozwe futhi zishiye endaweni efudumele isikhathi esithile (umswakama wendwangu kufanele ugcinwe njalo).
Ngokuvamile, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 kufanele zihlume. Uma lokhu kungenzeki ngisho nangemva kwesonto, kungcono ukubheka ezinye izinhlamvu.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda amathiphu ekukhuleni iklabishi omhlophe.
Sisebenza ngokuhlwanyela imbewu nokutshala izithombo zeklabishi yePeking
Ukuqala ukutshala iklabishi yaseBeijing, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ngezinsuku zokuhlwanyela imbewu yayo. Futhi, isikhathi sokutshala emgqeni oqondile sizoxhomekeka ukuthi kuyoba nemicibisholo esitshalweni, noma uzokwazi ukukhula ngokugcwele.
Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu akufanele ukwesabe ubunzima, ngoba ngokwenza umgomo ukufika kulula kakhulu kunokuchazwa.
Izinsuku zokufika "Peking": nini ukuqhubeka nokugwema ukumaketha
Sikhulume ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ungatshala i-Peking iklabishi izikhathi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa bese uthola izivuno ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala kuvame ukutshala entwasahlobo, lapho imbewu ehlwanyelwa khona izithombo kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, kanti eyesibili - ehlobo, kanti imbewu ihlwanyiswa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.
Ukutshala izithombo kukhethwa isikhathi esinjalo lapho ubude bosuku bungahlali isikhathi eside, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izinga lokushisa lomoya nomhlabathi lifudumele kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-13-20ºС) futhi lizinzile.
Ukufika kokuqala, okuthiwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwenzeka kusukela ngo-15 kuya ku-20 Ephreli. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ama-frosts entwasahlobo avame ukuvame ukulimaza isitshalo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika. ukumboza iklabishi ngelineni.
Well usindisa kusuka frost inhlabathi mulching.
I-summer-ekwindla ukutshala izithombo zeklabishi yePeking kwenziwa kusukela ngoJulayi 20 kuya ku-Agasti 10. Uzoba nesikhathi esiningi sokukhula okugcwele nokuhamba, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuba ubusika bokuqala obusika ungabamba isivuno esihle.
Uhlelo lokutshala: udinga isikhala esingakanani uklabishi we-Peking ngokukhula?
Ukutshala iklabishi kungaba kokubili ngaphandle kwezithombo. Esikhathini sokuqala, imbewu yalesi sitshalo ifakwa emibhoshini yomhlabathi ngokujula kwe-0.5-1 cm. Isikhala esikhulu sokukhula kwezithombo akudingekile, nakuba kungcono ukubeka imbewu kude no-1-2 amasentimitha komunye nomunye.
Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, amahlumela kufanele avele, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-25-30, kanye nokubonakala kwamaqabunga angu-4-5 ezitshalweni, kungenziwa ukufakwa endaweni evulekile.
Uma unquma ukutshala imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, okuyinto eyamukelekile ukuyenza ehlobo, ngakho-ke kuyodingeka ulungise izimbobo ezikhethekile.
Ngendlela, ukuhlelwa kwemigodi kuyofana nephethini yokutshala imbewu: 25-30 amasentimitha phakathi kwezitshalo naphakathi kwemigqa (ungashiya isikhala esiningi phakathi kwemigqa ukwenza kube lula kakhulu ukucubungula izitshalo).
Umthombo ngamunye kufanele ngokushesha ukhulelwe ngokuthulula uhhafu wenditha okungaba yi-humus (umquba) kuwo, kanye nokwengeza cishe izipuni ezimbili ze-ash ash.
Ukwenza ama-fertilizer angene emhlabathini futhi afinyelele ngokushesha izimpande zesitshalo, amanzi amaningi abuyele emithonjeni. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu - kudingeka ihlanganiswe kuze kufinyelele ku-1-2 cm amamitha.
Uma ukutshala izithombo kudingeka kugxile ubukhulu bayo, kodwa kungenjalo akungcwabe amaqabunga ayo.
Indlela yokunakekela kahle iklabishi yasePeking engadini yakho ukuze uzuze isivuno esiphezulu?
Ukunakekela izitshalo zensimu, okuyinto wonke umuntu engathandi kakhulu, uma kwenzeka iklabishi ekhulayo yaseChina, ayikho indlela yokuyigwema ngokuphelele. Nakuba, kuwona wonke, akuyona into ehlabayo, kepha izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ziyayithanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezikhethekile, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola imiphumela emihle.
Futhi, zonke izivande zifuna wonke amandla akhe ukuze zithuthukise imiphumela ye-fruiting yeklabishi yakhe, esizokusiza ukuba wenze ngezincomo zakho.
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo zeklabishi ye-Peking?
Izinambuzane ezimbi kunazo zonke "ukukhonsa" ziyizidakamizwa ezincane kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nomuntu wokuqala, njengoba kubangela ukulimala kakhulu kwezitshalo futhi ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuyikhipha.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungcono ukunamathela ezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezilandelayo:
- Izitshalo ezitshalwe kulezi zinhla ezingenhla, uma lezi zinambuzane zingakabi khona, noma sezivele zanyamalala.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu engavundiwe yokuvikela indawo yokuklaba iklabishi yasePeking.
- Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izithombo, umbhede kufanele ube yimpuphu nge-wood ash.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuguqula izitshalo emibhedeni ngokufanele, futhi kungenjalo kufanele uhlwanyele ukuhlanza emva kwama-radishes, lwesinaphi nezinye izinhlobo zeklabishi.
- Ungaxuba amasiko, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi asiza ukukhohlisa le nkathazo. Ngakho, le iklabishi ingaxubaniswa no-utamatisi, u-garlic, u-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane kanye ne-petunias.
Uma izinyathelo ezinjalo azizange zisize, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo - "Phyto-farm" noma "Bitoksibatsilin", kanye nokuqinisa isenzo sabo ngokuthuthumela ngomlotha nogwayi. Uma uqaphele umsebenzi othile wezinambuzane - sebenzisa amakhemikhali - "Aktar", "Inta-Vira" (kodwa kungakapheli inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna.
With slugs nazo zilwa tricks. Ikakhulu, kungenzeka ukubeka amaqabunga e-burdock, amapulangwe angaphansi kwawo lapho azokwenyuka ngezindlela zonke futhi avimbele izinambuzane ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iklabishi ingafuthwa ngenhlanganisela yomlotha, usawoti, umquba wesinaphi, pepper obomvu.
Indlela Yokumanza "I-Peking": Ukuhlala njalo noMqulu
Ukunisela kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekela iklabishi yaseShayina.
Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayithinti ngaleli cala, ngoba, njengoba sesishilo kakade, umswakama omkhulu ungabangela isitshalo futhi sonke isitshalo sibole. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nezitshalo zimiswa ukuba ziphuze emva kwesonto lokuqala lokukhula (nakuba zikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile zenhlabathi, kungenzeka ukuthi zigxile ezimweni zesimo sezulu).
Ngokuvamile, ukuchelela akufanele kwenziwe okungaphezu kwesonto ngesonto, nakuba kuwufanelekile ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngokwanele. Esinye isimo esibalulekile amanzi kumele afudumeleuma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo singasabela ngokubuhlungu ukuze sishintshe izinguquko.
Iseluleko esihle kuyoba ukuthi umbhede kakade emva kwesonto emva kokutshala kungagubungelwa ngendwangu. Ngeke nje kugcine umswakama emhlabathini kahle, kodwa futhi kuyoba yisithiyo ekukhuleni emgqeni wokhula. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, umswakama usebenza njengesivikelo ngokumelene nesithwathwa.
Sondla imibhede ngeklabishi yaseShayina: yiziphi umquba ezidingekayo?
Ukondla "Peking" kungaqaliswa zingakapheli amasonto amabili emva kokutshala isitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ungasebenzisa umquba olandelayo, ngokubala 1 litre ngesitshalo ngasinye:
- Amanzi + mullein (1:10).
- Amanzi ama-droppings (1:20).
- Amanzi + amakhambi (1: 9).
Uma iklabishi itshalwe entwasahlobo - ifaka izikhathi ezintathu, ehlobo - kuphela ezimbili.
Ukwenza amakhanda amnandi, bapholwa ngesixazululo esilandelayo: 2 amagremu ka-boric acid ngehora elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo + 9 amalitha abandayo.
Senza i-staking yeklabishi ye-Peking ukwandisa ukuqina kwayo.
Kungenzeka ukufaka izithombo zeklabishi iPeking kungakapheli isonto emva kokuhluma. Ngalesi sizathu, izinkomishi kanye namabhokisi analo zivezwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga, futhi isikhathi esifushane zilethwa emoyeni omusha ukuze zivumelane nezibandayo.
Ukuvuna nokugcinwa kokuvuna kweklabishi ye-Peking
Ungakwazi ukusika lawo ma-cabbages "Peking", asevele eseqile kakhulu.
Ekubeni, akufanele usheshe, njengoba engesabi -4ºC.
Ungagcina kuphela iklabishi ehlobo, uyifake ngokunamathisela ifilimu bese uyishiya egumbini elinokushisa kuka-5-7 ºС.
