Ngokuvamile, lapho uthenga amagilebhisi emakethe noma esitolo, asikho ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi singakwazi ukukhula ngokufanayo esifundeni sethu siqu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inzuzo enkulu ye-amateur, kunezimboni, i-viticulture yikhula lokukhula kakhulu, kanye namaqoqo abo, ngoba isihlahla ngokuvamile sinendawo yokukhula nokunakekelwa kangcono.
Ngakho-ke, uma wenza umzamo owanele, awukwazi ukuba umgcini wewayini ophumelelayo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukusetha ukuthengisa kwakho kwezithelo zomvini.
Namuhla sifuna ukunitshela ngokuningiliziwe ngezinye zezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi amahle kakhulu emakethe, ezingakhula kalula kunoma yimuphi umndeni noma i-cottage ehlobo.
Ukukwazi ngebanga lamagilebhisi "i-Valentine" nezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko
Lelivini empeleni iyifomu le-hybridKwabonakala ngenxa yomsebenzi owenza umzamo wabalimi baseRussia.
Lesi sithelo samagilebhisi satholakala ngenxa yokuhlukana okunzima kakhulu kwezinhlobo zomvini ezidumile kakhulu: "Jabulela" ne "Arcadia", kanye nefomu etholakala kubo nge "Summer Muscat". Umphumela waba umvini oqinile, ofanele zonke izinhlobo zokulima kanye nezifunda eziningi zezulu.
Yindlela entsha entsha ye-hybrid yetafula lamagilebhisi isivuno esikhulu kakhulu. Namuhla, "i-Valentine" ifinyelela ukuthandwa kwayo phakathi kwabalandeli.
Sitshela ngemibhulabhisi yamagilebhisi "i-Valentine" kanye namajikijolo ayo
Kunoma yikuphi, bobabili abaqeqeshiwe nabathandayo, lapho behlangana nezihlukahlukene, kuqala ukulalela izithelo zawo.
Endabeni yamagilebhisi "i-Valentine" akekho oyohlala engenelisekile, ngoba izandla zakhe zikhulu kakhulu. Ubude beqembu elilodwa ngezinye izikhathi lifinyelela ngisho namasentimitha angama-40, okuyinto engavamile phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo, ikakhulukazi ucabangela ukuthi lesi sivini singakhula ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezifudumele.
Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu balezi amajikijolo futhi kufinyelela ezinkomba eziphawulekayo - ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-1.5 kilogram, kepha ekulimeni kokutshalwa okuningi kakhulu. Zine-shape cylindrical, ehlangene kakhulu phansi. Ukwakhiwa kwamajikijolo kulawa maqoqo kwenza kube ngokulinganisela ukuhlanganiswa noma okuncane okuxekethile.
Ngokuphathelene nekhwalithi lamajikijolo, ukuhlukahluka kwe-Valentine kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu, nemingcele yobude njengo 3.7-4.4 amasentimitha, nobubanzi - 2.3-2.6 amasentimitha.
Ngokusho kwale ncazelo, kulula ukuphetha ngokuthi amajikijolo ayancipha kancane, kodwa kufaneleka ukunaka isici esiyingqayizivele samagilebhisi ase-Valentina: i-berry ayikho ngisho, kodwa ivalwe kancane ngezansi.
Isici esivelele sibuye sibe nombala wesikhumba, omelelwa umbala ophuzi wegolide, okwazi ukukhanya ophuzi elangeni ngokushiswa kwe-caulk (isibonakaliso sokugcina yi-varietal umehluko phakathi kwamagilebhisi achazwe futhi awatholakali kunoma yikuphi izinhlobo zamagilebhisi).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukhanyiswa okukhulu kwamajikijolo ngelanga, umbala wombala ogqamile ungabonakala ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Kodwa lokhu kumagilebhisi wekhwalithi emangalisayo "i-Valentine" ayipheli lapho, ngoba singakakhulumi ngomusa wakhe. Ngokuvamile, ukunambitheka kwakhe kuvumelana, hhayi njengamanye amagilebhisi. Kodwa ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo akuyona into engavamile kakhulu, kufana nokufana okukhulu ne-sage.
Abakwa-Winegrowers abahlanganyela ekutshalweni kwalesi sihloko samagilebhisi ukuthi ngeminyaka ethile, ngokuvuthwa okugcwele nokugcwele kwala majikijolo, i-aftertaste ekhangayo futhi engavamile engavamile ye-nutmeg ingase ivele.
Futhi, ukunambitheka kahle kuhambisana nenyama enomusa futhi enomusa, lapho kudliwa okunikeza umqondo wokuthi umane uncibilika emlonyeni. Ikhasi liyadliwa futhi, ukunambitheka kwalo akuthinti ukuzwa okuvamile kwamagilebhisi.
Abathandi amajikijolo amnandi, leli fomu lizophinde lijabulise, ngoba linomthamo omuhle wokugcina ushukela. Ngokuyinhloko, lapho izinkomba zezinga le-asidi le-pulp liphela ngo-5-6 g / l kuphela, okuqukethwe kokushukela kwesithelo kufinyelela ku-16-19%.
Ochwepheshe abahlanganyela ekuhloleni kwamafomu amagilebhisi amasha kanye nezinhlobonhlobo, izithelo zamagilebhisi "i-Valentine" yamukelwa kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, amaphuzu abo okunambithayo afana nama-8.6 amaphuzu.
Indlela yokuvuthwa amaqoqo amagilebhisi ka "Valentina" futhi ungaqala ukuwaqoqa nini?
Yiqiniso, lelo hlobo elihle le-hybrid lamagilebhisi akudingeki lilindele noma yimiphi impendulo engalungile mayelana nokuhluma.
Ngempela, empeleni, "I-Valentina" ibhekwa njengezinga eliphezulu., futhi ibuye ihlonishwe ukuzinza kwe-fruiting.
Kubaluleke nakakhulu ukunaka ukuthi i-shrub yamagilebhisi ahlongozwayo ishesha kakhulu ukungena esikhathini se-fruiting.
Lokhu futhi kunesandla esikhulu kakhulu ngesilinganiso sokukhula nesimo sokukhula kakhulu.
Ekuvuneni kokuqala, isivuno asiyikuphakama kakhulu, kepha ngenkathi yokukhula esilandelayo iyokhula ngamahora angu-1.5-2.
Ngokuqondene ne-fruiting, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuvuthwa okuhle kwamahlumela (ngo-¾ noma ngisho nobude obude). Futhi, iningi lamahlumela ehlathini lizala, ngoba isibonakaliso salesi sici sinama-60-75%.
Ngomshini owodwa ngokuvamile kuvame amaqoqo amabili, i-coefficient of fruit fruit of the bush - 1.1-1.2. Futhi, ingxenye encane kakhulu yokuvuna ingakhiwa kubantwana bokutholwa.
Ukuvuna uhlobo oluvuthiwe lwamagilebhisi luqala ngesikhathi esiphakathi, ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izinsuku zokuqala zikaSepthemba.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi semifino esihlahleni siyadlula ngokugcwele ezinsukwini ezingu-130-140, lapho amajikijolo avuthiwe ngokugcwele, ngisho naphezu kobuningi bezinhlamvu. Ngenxa yalokhu, isitshalo sikwazi ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele lapho kukhula amahlathi emaphandleni aseRussia ephakathi.
Izinzuzo ze "Valentina": yiziphi izici zamagilebhisi eziyigugu kakhulu?
Izinzuzo zalesi grape ziningi. Ake sizame ukuwafingqa futhi sibonise izici ezingakashiwo:
- Ubukhulu obukhulu kokubili kwamagilebhisi namajikijolo, kanye nesimo esingavamile kanye nokunambitheka okukhethekile kwalokhu okulandelayo.
- Ukungabikho kwama-berries we-pea kumaqoqo, kanye nokuvotela okugcwele kwehlathi, okwenzeka ngenxa yembali yobungqingili.
- Amaqoqo anekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokuhweba, kanye nokufaneleka kwawo okuhamba kwesikhathi eside.
- Naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu nokuphakama kweqembu, amajikijolo ayo avuthwa ngokuphelele ngobude bawo bonke. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ingxenye engezansi yeqembu kufanele inqunywe, kodwa uma kunezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe, lokhu kuzokulimaza.
- Amajikijolo kuyindlela enhle kubathandi bamnandi, ngoba bangabasefomu etafuleni.
- Kubonakala ukuzinza okuyinkimbinkimbi, okubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuphikisa isikhutha, i-oidium ne-gray gray.
- Umvini ukumelana nesithwathwa kuphezulu kakhulu, kufika ku- -24ºС. Noma kunjalo, kule lokushisa, izinso, ezikwazi ukubekezelela kuphela ukushisa kwe--22ºС, zingahlupheka kakhulu.
- Kuyinto yamagilebhisi athandwa kakhulu ekhuthaza abalandeli ukuba bakhule "i-Valentine" hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ukudayiswa.
Zikhona yini ukwehluleka kulezi ezihlukahlukene: yini ebalulekile ukulalela lapho ukhula ehlathini "Valentina"?
Amajikijolo wefomu elichazwe ngamagilebhisi aqukethe isamba esikhulu sejusi. Eminyakeni enkulu kakhulu yemvula, lesi sici sidlala ihlaya elinonya nabo, ngoba liyakwazi ukuphahlazeka. Ngeshwa, isintu asikafunda indlela yokubhekana nezimo zemvelo, ngakho-ke kudingeka ulungele ukuthi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ingxenye encane yokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi ingahle ilahleke.
Abavini bewayini abanamakhono amaningi ngezinye izikhathi babhekisela ezonweni kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlamvu ezingu-2-3 emajikijolo, okuyinto ngokujwayelekile ayithinti umbono jikelele we ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo.
Futhi, akuwona wonke umuntu oyazisa "caulk" kulawa majikijolo, ngezinye izikhathi ukuwubona njengenye uhlobo lwesifo esingaziwa. Kodwa-ke, sicabanga ukuthi sikuqedile ngalezi zithelo zomvini ngezindlela ezanele futhi izici ezimbili zokugcina ngeke zikudukise.
Kulula kangakanani ukutshala amagilebhisi "Valentine"? Funda futhi usebenzise
Ukutshala amagilebhisi kuqala ngokukhethwa kwendawo lapho kuyoba khona kangcono ukuthi ikhule futhi ithele izithelo. Ngempela, lesi siko sinokuthile okuthandayo, okumelwe kuthathwe ngokucabangela.
Okokuqala, kukhanya, ngoba Amagilebhisi angumfana omkhulu welanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, akukho nethemba lokukhula okuhle kwehlathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungaba ngcono ukutshala isihlahla engxenyeni eningizimu yesayithi, ngakho-ke kusukela ohlangothini olusenyakatho usavikelwe izakhiwo noma izihlahla ezivela emoyeni.
Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela izici zokukhululeka nomhlabathi. Esikhathini sokuqala, ukuphakama okuncane kungaba ngcono, ngoba umoya obandayo uvame ukuqhuma ezindaweni eziphansi, okwenza izifo ezifisa isivinini.
Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, ngokujwayelekile, ifomu elichazweyo kanye nesiko ngokujwayelekile alikho okuthandayo kulokhu. Kodwa Kungcono ukutshala amahlathi emhlabathini ovundile, indawo enhle emhlabathini omnyama.
Uma kungenakulinganiswa kwenhlabathi, ingahlonywa ngokuzimela, okuzokwenza ukuthi ihlumela ukukhula kwehlathi kanye ne-fruiting yayo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuba uqaphele kahle indawo edingekayo ukuze unikeze isihlahla, ukuze ungahlwanyeli izihlahla kakhulu. Njengoba i-"Valentina" isihlahla sinokukhula okuqinile, kuyisimo esihle kakhulu samamitha angu-4x6. Kulokhu, zombili izimpande nezimpande ziyoba nesikhala esanele sokukhula kanye nokuthola izinto ezidingekayo.
Kodwa kunenye iphuzu elibalulekile - ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Iqiniso liwukuthi izimpande zamagilebhisi zivame ukujula kakhulu ekujuleni, futhi zingahlanzwa ngamanzi. Ngakho-ke, uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ephakama ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu kuya endaweni yomhlabathi, qiniseka ukuthi ugoqa kusayithi lakho uhlelo lokugeleza.
Ungaziqagela kanjani isikhathi sokutshala imivini?
Ngesikhathi okudingekile ukuba ungaqageli, kodwa ukwazi ngokucacile nini nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokutjala ezitshalwe. Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi amagilebhisi atshalwe kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhethwa kwenkathi eyodwa noma okunye akukhathazi, ngoba ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo.
Ngentwasahlobo, izinsuku zokutshala zinwetshiwe kakhulu, kepha lapha ungaya endleleni yokutshala.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwentwasahlobo, izitshalo zitshalwe noma zitshalwe, ezigcinwe kuze kube manje kusukela entwasahlobo. Ngaphakathi entwasahlobo, ungenza amagatsha, noma ukutshala izithombo. Kodwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngisho nasezinsukwini zokuqala zehlobo, ungatshala izithombo eziluhlaza.
Ekwindla, ukukhethwa ngezindlela zokufika kuncane kakhulu, ngoba kule nkathi yonyaka kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise izinto zokwehla kuphela. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukutshala kakhulu kakhulu, ukuze amagilebhisi aqale ukukhula emahlathini, kepha awukwazi ukutshala amagilebhisi ezindaweni ezibandayo noma. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sizoba phakathi kuka-Okthoba.
Sitshala ama-saplings omvini: yini ebalulekile ukungakhohlwa?
Ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo, emavikini angu-2-3 kubalulekile ukulungisa umgodi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushesha kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi umgodi ugcwele inani elikhulu lomanyolo nenhlabathi evundile, okumele ihlwe ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile kwesihlahla somvini.
Isetshenziswe njengomanyolo i-potassium usawoti, i-humus, i-nitrogen ne-superphosphates. Ukuze kungalimazi izimpande nge-concentration yabo enkulu, ungqimba lomhlabathi ngaphandle kwamanyolo kufanele futhi luthululelwe.
Ukulungiselela isithombo akusithathi isikhathi esiningi, kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isithombo enhle esingalimazi. Ngokuyinhloko, qaphela uhlelo lwempande, izimpande ezinempilo okufanele zibe mhlophe.
Ngaphambi kokufika uhlelo lwempande lugodiwe emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa ukwandisa ubungqabavu bakhe. Ungawacubungula ngezixazululo ezingashukumisa ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Ukunciphisa insimu emgodini ungakhohlwa ukuthi intamo yawo impande akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu, ligcwele. Ukucwilisa umgodi kufanele kube ngokucophelela futhi kancane kancane, uzama ukulimaza uhlelo lwempande, kodwa hhayi ukushiya izikhala emoyeni.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, phakathi nenqubo echazwe, ama-10 amalitha amanzi adluliselwa emgodini. Amanzi ayadingeka emva kokutshala kwehlathini lomvini kuqediwe ukuze kutholakale amanzi ngokukhululekile. Ungakhohlwa futhi mayelana nokwesekwa kwesihlahla kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi ezungezile.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngamagilebhisi okuqala
Ukuqoqa amagilebhisi cuttings: Kulula kangakanani?
Ukuze ukhule umvini kusuka esitokisini esidala kanye nokusika kwe-varietal "Valentina" okudingayo:
- Ukulungisa isiqu ngobude be-2-3 peepholes.
- Sika ingxenye engezansi yokusika kusuka emaceleni omabili bese wehlisa emanzini kuze kufike umzuzwana wokuhlanganisa.
- Futhi, isiqu singasuswa, esizokhulisa ukuqina nokukhuthazela kwayo.
- Ukulungiswa kwesitoko kuqala kuhlanganisa nokususa isihlahla esidala, emva kwalokho kuyokwanela ukushiya isitshalo samamitha angu-10.
- Ubuningi bomhlaba kufanele bube bushelelezi, bubuye buhlanjululwe ekubuseni okuphelele.
- Ukuze uqoqe isiqu, udinga ukuhlukanisa okungajulile kuwo nge-ax encane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika kunikwa ukuhlukaniswa. Udinga ukujula kuphela ingxenye eyayiqedwe ngaphambilini. Ukwakha uxhumano olunamandla phakathi kwabo, isitoreji sinamathele kakhulu futhi siboshwe nobumba. Khona-ke zonke izenzo ezifanayo ezenziwa lapho zihlwanyela amagilebhisi nge-sapling: ukumba endaweni yokusekela, ukuchelela nokuhlanganisela inhlabathi.
Ukunakekela amagilebhisi "Valentine": yiziphi izici ezibalulekile akufanele zikhohliwe?
- Amagilebhisi athande umswakama nokudla njalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza nokutshala izihlahla ezivele zithela izithelo, lokhu kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo yesihlahla, noma ngaphambili. Ama-nitrojeni kanye ne-potassium phosphate fertilizer, futhi ephilayo, anomphumela omuhle emagilebhisi.
- Ngemuva kokunisela okunye, umhlabathi ozungeze isiqu sesihlahla somvini kufanele uhlanganiswe ngesikhwama semisipha noma i-sawdust.
- Ukugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwamaqoqo amakhulu, kubalulekile ukuguqula isihlahla njalo ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ifomu elichazwe ngamagilebhisi liphakanyiswa ukusika okuncane noma okuphakathi.
- "I-Valentina" ibhekisela ekugubungeni noma ekuhloseni izinhlobo zezithelo zomvini, okungafanele ukukhohliwe lapho amaqhwa ebusika esondela.
- Ukuvikela isihlahla ezifweni, ihlanzwa njalo ngama-herbicide ngokuvimbela. Lezo zokwelapha zenziwa kabili ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezihlahla kanye nokubunjwa kwama-peas kuma-inflorescences amagilebhisi.
