Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi etafuleni zihlukaniswa ngokunambitheka okukhulu nokubukeka okumangalisayo.
Akunakwenzeka ukudlula amaqoqo avuthiwe avuthiwe ngaphandle kokubeka ubhekeni emlonyeni wakho.
Futhi umbala obumbulukile nokunambitheka okumangalisayo kwamajikijolo amakhulu okuthiwa "Alyosha" ngeke ashiye noma ubani ongenandaba.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Amagilebhisi "Aleshenkin" angatholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Alyosha" noma "No. 328". Kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zetafula futhi kuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu se-viticulture, kokubili ukunambitheka kanye nezici zayo zangaphandle. Kuthatha imvelaphi yayo ekunqobeni inhlanganisela yempova ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zaseMpumalanga kanye namagilebhisi "Madeleine Anzhevin", lapho kuthatha khona inqwaba yezici ezifanele.
Izici ebangeni
Izihlahla zibhekene nokukhula okuqinile. Amahlamvu obukhulu obuphakathi, umbala omnyama omnyama kanye nesimo esicwebezelayo esisemkhatsini ohlukanisiwe, uhluke kwezinye izinhlobo ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu ezinama-lobed. Ngokuvamile, ukudubula kunamaprorescence amabili. Flower izinsizwa. Izithelo ezivuthiwe emvinini zibekwa unyaka nonyaka. I-cuttings ihloma kahle kahle endaweni entsha futhi ngokushesha ithathe izimpande. Amahlumela anesilinganiso esihle sokuguga, futhi imikhono yamagilebhisi inesikhathi sokukhula kuze kube yiminyaka engu-6.
Amabhuzu
Izigaba zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuba nazo isimo somqondoezingavamile ukuhlanganiswa, kancane friable. Isisindo sikhulu kakhulu, ezinye izibonelo zifinyelela kilogram ezimbili, kanti isisindo sesilinganiso esijwayelekile sinama-500g. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-berry ngu-4.5g. Imivini yombala obala obala, nge-revolution encane, i-oval kancane.
Inyama iyamanzi, amnandi, inambitheka emnandi futhi i-crispy. Okuqukethwe ushukela wejusi kufinyelela ku-20%, i-acidity - 7g / l. Ngokusho kwesilinganiso sokunambitha, ukulinganisa kokunambitheka kwe-Aleshenkin kufinyelela kuma-8.8 amaphuzu. Shayela leli grafi lifike kuma-berries angama-40% ngaphandle kwembewu.
Ukuthela
Lolu hlobo lwamagilebhisi lungezinhlobo eziphezulu zokunikela. Ngesihlahla esisodwa esidala singaqoqa kuze kube ngu-25 kg wezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe. Ukuze umvini izithelo ngempumelelo ngonyaka nonyaka, kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela isivini, esizoxoxa ngezansi.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa
Amagilebhisi "i-Aleshenkin" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, isikhathi sokuvuthwa asidluli izinsuku ezingu-118 nge-CAT okungenani ngo-2000 ° C (inani lokushisa okusebenzayo yikushiswa kwawo wonke amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile nsuku zonke ingxenye ethile yenkathi). Ngokuvamile, isivuno singase sikwazi ukuqoqwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.
Izintandokazi
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene ze-"Aleshenkin" ziyizithelo eziphakeme, ukunambitheka okumangalisayo, inani elincane lezitshalo amajikijolo, ukuhluma okuhle kwe-cuttings nokuvuthwa okuhle komvini ngisho neminyaka embi.
Ukungalungi
Ukulimala okuyinhloko kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-"Aleshenkin" ukuphikiswa okuphansi kwesithwathwa sesiqu samagilebhisi, esitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba. Yingakho lezi zinhlobo zinconywa ukuba zigonywe ukuze zifakwe emasimini angenqamuki. Kodwa ingxenye yomvini, ekhona ngaphezu komhlabathi, inokubekezelelana okuphezulu kwamaqhwa ebusika. Amabhulashi ahlaziye anephesenti ephezulu yepea ngakho kudingeka adluliselwe esebenzisa isithuthukisi sokukhula. Unokumelana ngokulinganayo nezifo ze-fungal.
Izici zokufika
Nakuba amagilebhisi abhekwa njengesivuno esingenakuzithoba esingakhula ezimweni ezehlukene, kodwa namanje, kufanelekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi lesi sihlahla uthanda izindawo zokukhanya nezifudumele, futhi, futhi, uphenduka kabi emanzini amaningi emhlabathini. Yiqiniso, endle, lesi sitshalo sikhula nasemhlabeni ompofu, kodwa uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esihle nokuphila okude kwesivini sakho, kuyoba usizo ukuhlaziya umhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla.
Kumane kudingekile ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukubunjwa esakhiweni osikhethayo, ngoba ingxenye yamaminerali ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwekhwalithi. Uma kwenzeka uma inhlabathi iqukethe ubumba obuningikhona-ke kuyadingeka uketshezi olwengeziwe lwamanzi, kodwa uma insimu ye-peat ikhona esakhiweni, khona-ke le nhlabathi kufanele ihlanjululwe ngesanti. Ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esiningi kuncike ekuxubeni emhlabathini womquba noma ama-humus.
Izidingo okumele zigwetshwe - lezi yizinhlanzi zamanzi nosawoti. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amagilebhisi afe.
Sisebenzelane nenhlabathi, sekuyisikhathi sokukhetha indawo esihlalweni lapho isivini sizodilizwa khona. Inketho enhle ingaba umthambeko omnene obheke eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Uma kungekho ndlela enjalo yokutshala izivini, khetha indawo eduze nodonga lwesakhiwo.
Isakhiwo esakhiwe ngamatshe siyokhipha imfudumalo yayo esivini esakhulayo. Awuvunyelwe ukutshala amahlathi ezindaweni ezingeni eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Uma isakhiwo nendawo yokutshala isivini kuso, kunqunywa ukuthi kulungiswe umhlaba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba indawo yemaviki amabili ngaphambi kokufika okungenakwenzeka, nomhlabathi onobuciko obukhulu obuhlanganiswe ne-lime (isakhiwo esingu-200g / 1kv.m).
Njengoba umhlabathi wezithelo zomvini u-"Aleshenkin" ubekezelela kakhulu amahlumela, kudingeka udalwe emasimini angenqabile futhi atshalwe entwasahlobo, ukuze umvini uqinise ngokwanele ebusika endaweni entsha futhi isimiso sezimpande sehlathi sizokhula kahle. Ngakho-ke, selivele lifudumele, inhlabathi iyashisa futhi ilungisiwe, indawo ikhethiwe, ungakwazi qala futhi utshale amahlathi.
• sizoqala ukulungiselela imigodi yokusika, inani eliphakanyisiwe lingu-85-85-85 cm;
• Siphalaza amanzi emgodini oqoshiwe, ongase ube ne-rubble, igravel noma amanye amatshe amancane. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwamanzi kungu-10 cm, kodwa kungaba ngaphezulu uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze;
• phakathi nomgodi esilungisa ukusekelwa (isikhonkwane noma ukuqiniswa okukhulu), bese ugcwalisa ungqimba lwe-drainage ngomhlaba kanye noqweqwe lwamanyolo ngokulingana: amaswidi omquba noma umquba / 100 g we-usawoti we-potassium / isikhuni esincane / cishe 300 g we-superphosphates;
• amanzi ahlanzekile;
• sigcwalisa umhlaba ukugcwalisa 1/3 emigodini;
• ezungeze isikhonkwane senza isigundane sezwe bese siqinisa isitsha;
• siqondisa izimpande phansi kwe-dimple bese siyigcwalisa phezulu ngenhlabathi ukuze izinga lokugoma noma indawo yegatsha lamahlumela liphakeme ngo-3 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi;
• ngokucophelela, ukuze ungalimazi izimpande, qhafaza phansi ngezandla zakho;
• godu amanzi amaningi;
• ugcwala umhlabathi nge peat noma humus.
Uma ukhetha amagilebhisi ukutshala, qaphela izihlahla ezinomnyaka owodwa noma emibili ngezimpande ezinempilo, ezithuthukile kanye namahlumela okwanele avuthiwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, unciphise izimpande eziyinhloko phansi kwe-seedling kuya ku-15 cm. Ngezimpande ezingakhiwe kahle ukutshala izinqubo zokufikaokwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa wonke ama-nodules ukuhluma. Prune isithombo ngokwawo, ushiye kuze kube amaqabunga amane amakhulu kakhulu.
Faka isihlahla esilungisiwe sokutshala esitsheni ngamanzi. Njengoba amagilebhisi "i-Aleshenkin" engabeki ukubekezela amaqhwa engxenyeni engezansi yehlathi, kunconywa ukuba avule umfula kuze kube ngu-50 cm ngokujula. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba yamagilebhisi kanye nesimiso sempande izocwiliswa futhi ngeke ikwazi ukungena ngokweqile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo lilinganiselwa ku-1.5m, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa yamagilebhisi - kuze kufike ku-2m.
Uma amagilebhisi atshalwa eceleni kodonga lwesakhiwo, ibanga elisuka odongeni kuya emanzini livunyelwe ukuba libe ngu-50 cm, uma nje amanzi egeleza aphuma ophahleni awiwi ezihlahleni. Ngokukhula kwamagilebhisi, zonke izihlumela ezikhuphuka zifakwa ocingweni olwenziwe.
Izinsuku zokufika
Isikhathi sokutshala salesivinini sincono ukukhetha entwasahlobo. Kudingekile ukuba ulinde umhlaba esakhiweni sokumelela kakade futhi ukufudumala. Eningizimu cishe ngo-15 kaMeyi, futhi enyakatho, ngemva kwesikhathi esincane, ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Ukunakekela
Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile kanye nezihlahla ezivuthiwe zamagilebhisi, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukunakekelwa okufanele komvini. Nazi ezinye izici:
1. lokhu kuhlukahluka kuphelelwa yisikhathi kuze kube sebusika, ngoba awubekezeli amaqhwa;
2. kudinga ukulinganisa kwezitshalo;
3. Kudinga ukuvikeleka okungeziwe ezifweni ezifayo kanye nezinambuzane;
4. ukhetha ukutshala kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla;
5. udinga ukusika okude noma okuphakathi;
6. Njengezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, kudingeke ukuba umswakama wenhlabathi uphuze kanye nokudla okwengeziwe.
Ukunisela
Ngemuva kokutshala, isipela sidinga ukuchelela okuningi ukuze isimiso sezimpande sizuze ngokushesha endaweni entsha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umswakama owedlule awusadingeki.
Njengoba amanzi egeleza ngokweqile emhlabathini, amajikijolo ezandleni aqala ukuqhuma, okwenza kube nzima ukubukeka nokubaluleka kwezebhizinisi.
Ukuchelela kokugcina okunengi okubizwa ngokuthi umswakama-ukulayisha, kwenziwa ekwindla, emva kokuvuna, ngaleyo ndlela kulungiswa umvini ukuze kuphekwe isikhathi sezulu.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukufinyelela kwamanzi umswakama ohlelweni, izimpande ezincane zingakhiwa, khona-ke umswakama ngeke usakaze nxazonke ezihlahleni. Uma, ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokunisela, futhi ukukhulula phansi, lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukutholakala komoya futhi kugcine umswakama isikhathi eside. Lapho uhlela ukuchelela kumele uqaphele izici ezinjalo:
• umswakama emoyeni kanye nesimo sezulu esifundeni;
• izinga lokushisa nsuku zonke;
• ukubunjwa kwamaminerali omhlabathi kusayithi;
• ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukucabangela zonke izici, kungaphetha ngokuthi izihlahla ezihlwanyelwe ezakhiweni ze-sandan ziphuza kaningi, futhi amagilebhisi akhula enhlabathini eyindayo - kancane kancane futhi enamanzi amaningi.
Ukuxhuma
Kuyini ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi okudingekayo futhi kuyini? Uma udinga
• ukuvikela izimpande ze-shrub kusuka ku-frost;
• kunomthelela ekondleni okungcono komvini;
• gcina umswakama endaweni yangasese;
• ukucindezela noma ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukukhula kokhula;
• emthambekeni lapho i-shrub ikhula, ukunciphisa i-leaching yenhlabathi ezungezile;
• ukuvimbela ukwakheka koqweqwe oluthile oluzungeze isiqu, ngoba luvimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ohlelweni lwempande;
• ukuvikela izimpande kanye nengxenye yomhlaba engaphansi kwamagilebhisi ekuqhenqeni ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, bese usebenzisa indlela yokutshala umhlabathi.
I-spruce kanye ne-pine paws, evikela ngokugcwele ngokumelene nesithwathwa, ukudala ukuqhutshwa kwomoya okungeziwe ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela, okuvimbela amabhaktheriya nesibunki kumagilebhisi, kungasetshenziswa njengethunki.
Futhi, ama-fertilizer eziphilayo (umquba obolile, i-humus kanye ne-compost) afanelekile, ehlinzeka ngokufaka umquba owengeziwe emithonjeni yemifino phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika, amaqabunga awile (uma engenayo igciwane nezilokazane noma izifo), utshani obomile, u-peat crumb, u-sawdust, umhlanga nezinye izinto . Ukunciphisa umzimba kungahlanganiswa (okuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zokwakha) futhi okuhambisanayo.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi, i-mulching inehlangothini elibi kwezinye izimo. Uma ukhethe utshani noma i-sawdust njenge-mulch, kufanele i-composted kusengaphambili. Uma kungenjalo, inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate kuwo liyokwandisa ukungena kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini ngamagciwane ezincane. Ngalokho ngokulahla uhlelo lwempande yalesi sici esibalulekile. Ukwengeza inani elengeziwe le-nitrogen fertilizer kuzosiza nalesi simo.
Abalimi abanolwazi bakhetha ukusebenzisa imbokodla njalo ngonyaka, ngoba emhlabathini iningi livezwe kakhulu emvelweni: izinguquko zokushisa, ukushisa, isithwathwa nemvula. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma kushisa, i-mulch ixuba esakhiweni ngenhlabathi yombuthano oseduze, futhi uma ulungiselela isihlahla ebusika, kufinyelela emgqeni ophezulu wenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise umsoco wesistimu.
• Ngoba inzuzo enkulu ye-mulching ukuvimbela ukoma komhlabathiLokhu kusho ukuthi akusiluleka ukusebenzisa le ndlela yezolimo emhlabathini owomile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu, kanye nasemhlabathini onesihlabathi onesihlabathi.
Ukuhweba
Ukuze ugweme ukushaywa kweqhwa kumvini, kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Izinto ezihlukahlukene zifanelekile kule nhloso: izigqoko ezindala, i-oilcloth, umhlaba, i-sawdust, izinaliti, njll. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kunendawo yokukhosela kuyizinhlamvu zamapayipi nezihlahla ze-spruce, ezihlinzeka ngokuhambisa umoya wamahhala, okungaholela emagilebhisi futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ivuselela kahle isihlahla.
Ukudubula
Ukudubula komvini wezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi okucatshangelwe kufanele kwenziwe ngebude be-8-10 amahlumela, ngezinye izikhathi ukudubula okuvamile kwamahlumela ngo-5-6 efihlekile ngezinye izikhathi kuvunyelwe. Njengoba lezi zingqikithi zomvini ziyizithelo ezinhle kakhulu, kufanele zihambisane nokulinganisa. Ngoba yiziphi zonke izihluthulelo ezibuthakathaka namawele ahlumelayo anqunywa.
Umanyolo
Izitshalo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zihlukahlukene yizimbiwa (i-potash usawoti kanye ne-superphosphate) kanye nezihlahla (ukhuni, umquba kanye nama-humus). Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kunconywa ukuba ukondle umquba wamanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela. Ungasebenzisa kokubili izimpande nezihlahla ze-foliar.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana namagilebhisi amhlophe
Ukuvikelwa
Njengoba amagilebhisi "i-Aleshenkin" ephikisana kakhulu nezifo zefungal, idinga ukwelashwa kabili nama-systemic agents. Njengokuzivikela kusho ukuthi ungakhetha ukuthi uphephile kubantu, amalungiselelo okuphilisa ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, namakhemikhali - izibulala-zinambuzane. Ukungalungi kokuqala kuyisidingo sokusetshenziswa kwabo masonto onke, kanye nokuphindaphinda kokucubungula umvini ngemuva kwemvula, eyabiza ngokwezomnotho futhi isikhathi esiningi. Ukwehluleka kwesibili kungumphumela omubi emzimbeni womuntu. Ukunciphisa izinga lobudakamizwa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo aphansi okuthiwa yi-toxic (IV degree) wokupuniza. Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi basebenzisa isisombululo se-lime ukuvikela izihlahla.
