Ubumnandi wangempela wezithelo zakuqala yizinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry Dessert Morozova

Abalimi banamuhla akulula ukuzikhethela ukuhluka okuphelele kwama cherry. Mhlawumbe abathandekayo ababeletha izithelo abahlala futhi basebenza ezindaweni eziphakathi zaseRussia - iningi elithi "cherry" ingxenye yezwe, lokhu kuzoba I-Grade Dessert Morozova.

Kunjengokungathi lo cherry wadalwa ukuze usinde ngempumelelo ebusika obusika baseRussia futhi ngokushesha ugcwalise ama-juice, ukuze ujabulise umuntu ngokuvuna kwakhe okucebile nokumnandi. Igama lomdali walezi zilwane liyaziwa kakhulu - liqukethe igama layo.

Incazelo ye-Morozova Dessert Cherry - ezihlukahlukene, isithombe sesithelo, ukubuyekezwa kwebalimi mayelana nezici zayo kanye nezakhiwo kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

I-Dessert Morozova iyinhlobonhlobo encane. Unyaka wokuzalwa kwakhe ngo-1997.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiko esithuthukisiwe futhi esivivinyiwe sangena kwiRejista yaseRussia ye-Varietal Register.

Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo eziyigugu, ihlala isithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi - izifundiswa kanye nabalingiswa.

Umlobi wezinhlobonhlobo, owanikeza loveli hhayi impilo kuphela, kodwa futhi igama, wayengumzalisi owaziwayo, ozobhapathizwa wezolimo zezolimo kanye nochwepheshe owaziwayo ekuthuthukiseni izithelo zamatshe, uT. Morozova. Isandla sakhe sinomnikazi weLebedyanskaya, uTamaris.

Njengeningi le-cherry ne-cherry yakhe "esebenza", uTamara Vasilievna wadala iDessert ngesisekelo I-Russian-Research Research Institute yokuHlala nokuHlala. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, esifundeni saseTambov).

Lesi sikhungo sokucwaninga siyaziwa kakhulu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yentuthuko yakhe ephezulu, umgomo wayo bekulokhu ukudala amasiko ahambisana kahle nezimo zemvelo nezemvelo zanamuhla.

Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo zeDessert Morozova, i-Vladimirskaya cherry ehlukahlukene yayisetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokudalwa kwayo.

Ngenkathi yokukhethwa, imbewu yezinhlobo "zabazali" ezizweni ezihlwanyelwe zaphathwa nge-chemical substance ethyleneimine (EI) yi-mutagen.

Ukuhlushwa kwe-mutagen kwakungaba ngu-0.1%.

Ngemuva kokuzalisa nokufaka irejista yombuso, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe ukulima okukhethwayo ngaphesheya kwesifunda se-Central Black Earth (eRussia).

Ithemba, i-Lyubskaya, noNovella nazo kufanelekile ukukhula kulezi zindawo.

Ukubonakala kwe-cherry Dessert Morozova

Izibonakaliso ezilandelayo zokubonakala zihambelana noMorova Cherry Dessert:

Isihlahla

Kubonakala ngokujwayelekile ubude obude (ngezinye izikhathi ephansi noma ephakeme kunezinga eliphakeme). Ibhakede lomuthi limboza amagxolo e-brown hue elula.

Crown, amagatsha. Umqhele ugcwele ngokwanele, okwakhiwa ngamagatsha aqinile, asakaza amagxolo anombala omnyama. Njengomthetho, unomumo oseduze nomumo webhola. Ngokujwayelekile liqukethe amaqabunga amancane (amahlamvu aphakathi). Izimpawu ezifanayo ziboniswa yiGriot yaseMoscow, iLebedyanskaya neMorozovka.

Amahlumela. Amahlumela abhekene namagxolo ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inani elincane lamalenti lenziwa phezulu.

Amafihledi anomumo ovoid ohlangene, okwedlulele kakhulu ebusweni behlumela. Ukulimala kwenzeka kokubili emagatsheni asezimbali nasezikhungweni zonyaka (kulezi zinsuku - ezingeni elikhulu).

Amahlamvu. Amaqabunga eDedert Morozova abonakala ngokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubukhulu bejwayelekile kule leaf cherry ngaphezu kokulinganisa. Umumo u-obovoid.

Iqabunga elingenaqabunga linesibhakabhaka kuze kufike endaweni yokuthinta. Emaphethelweni eshidi, izinsimbi ze-biconorigular ziyabonakala. Esikhathini saso ungabona 1-2 izimbungulu ezincane ezibomvu.

Amahlamvu agcinwa ngama-petioles afushane we-thickness medium. On the petioles kunezinhlayiya zombala obomvu.

I-Inflorescences Emthini entwasahlobo ngesimo se-roses siqhakaza izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe. Amapetali ahlangene. Inhlamba ye-pistil ne-stamens inezinhlangothi ezihlukahlukene.

Izithelo

Round, i-cherries enkulu kakhulu futhi enesisindo (isilinganiso sesisindo sesisindo singaphansi kwezingu 4.7-5.0 g) esisekelweni bane-groove enkulu ngokulinganayo kanye nesiphetho esinomcabango obonakalayo. Emathunjini amajikijolo akhunjulwa kalula.

I-peel inemibala ebomvu ebomvu, kukhona inani elincani lamachashaza amancane.

Inyama yombala obomvu ofanayo awufani ngokubaluleka okukhethekile, kunamanzi amaningi kuwo.

Ngaphakathi kwesithelo, amathambo aphakathi nendawo, ahlangene afihliwe, okuhlukaniswa kalula kusuka kumpula. I-berry igcinwe egatsheni ngokusebenzisa isithombo eside ngokwanele.

Phakathi kwe-berry kanye ne-stalk esinyene kukhona uhlaka lokuhlukanisa. Ngokuqhubekayo enchazweni ye-athikili yehlobo le-dessert cherry Morozova nesithombe sesithelo.

Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene

I-Winterhardy grade cherry Dessert Morozovanjengoba ibanga lobudala elifanayo libhekisela kuwo ngokuzikhethela ngokwengxenye. Ngokwekhono layo lokutshala nge-pollen yayo, lesi sigaba sinesimo esiphakathi phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuzimela nokuzibulala.

Ukubambisana okunjalo kusho ukuthi isiko esibucayi ngokusebenzisa izakhi zawo zofuzo zingakwazi ukubopha kusuka ku-7 ukuya kwezingu-20% kuzo zonke izithelo zomuthi.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwazi ukudubula isivuno esihle, i-Morozova Dessert Cherry idinga izihlahla ezengeziwe zokuvota kusuka ngaphandle.

Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu lapha kukhona izinhlobo ezinjengalezi "Griot Rossoshansky", "Griot Ostheims", "Umfundi", "Vladimirskaya".

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuzalanisa. Indlela enjalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile unikeza u-70-75% wokuqothula kweDessert Morozova.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Vladimirskaya cherry ibhekwa njengesisindo esihle kunazo zonke (umuthi okutshalwe kuwo ama-cuttings) kulezi zihlukahlukene.

Ngokwezinga, iDessert, njengePodbelskaya, uvuthwe ekuqaleni. Ukuvunwa ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esifudumele sezulu kususwe eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Kodwa-ke, amacala amakhulu okukhiqiza okuvuthiwe angalindelwa kuphela 3-4 ngonyaka emva kokutshala lokhu okuhlukahlukene.

Esigabeni sokuvuthwa okugcwele, isithelo sisho ngokugcwele igama lazo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-Cherries akayona kuphela ekhangayo ekubukeni, kodwa futhi ayiphundu kakhulu.

Ukuthi ukunambitheka okumnandi kwesithelo kubhalwe ngamanothi amancane e-dessert, ngokumuncu okukhanyayo okukhanyayo nokumnandi kakhulu (i-Dessert Morozova cherries ine-acidity enciphisa kakhulu). Izinhlobo Volochaevka, Zhukovskaya neLebedyanskaya banomusa omuhle omuhle.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-dessert cherry Morozova:

Isihlahla iveza izithelo ngonyaka. Ukuvuna kunakho ukuhamba kahle okuhleokwenza ukuthi ezihlukahlukene zijabulise ngokuthengiswa okungenzeka ezimakethe zezolimo.

Njengabalimi baseMichurinsk, izwe lakubo kaDessert Morozova, inothi, Ukukhiqizwa kwalesi cherry ngokwesilinganiso kufinyelela kuma-55-70 angama-hekta ngalinye (35 kg esihlahleni esisodwa).

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziphezulu ezifanele ukulalela izinhlobonhlobo Turgenevka, Ural Ruby no Rossoshanskaya black.

Le cherry akuyona ukubukeka okuhle kuphela, kodwa futhi iyasiza kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. It, ikakhulukazi, iqukethe okwanele eziningi zethusi, i-cobalt, insimbi - izakhi zamakhemikhali ezenza igazi, ukusiza nge-anemia. Izinhlobo zaseChernokorka, i-Uralskaya Rubinovaya ne-Kharitonovskaya nazo zinempahla ewusizo.

Ukuze kususwe amakhemikhali we-nitrogenous compounds "i-pectin" ephethwe yi-cherry amajikijolo. Izakhi zokulandelela ze-bactericidal zikhona ku-Dessert Pulp.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Cherry ngumkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu. Uma sesidliwe, isifiso siba ngcono, I-metabolism yamaprotheni namafutha ethuthukisa, ukusebenza kwamathumbu kuvamile. Okokugcina, izithelo zomuthi cherry zivala ukoma kwazo ngokuphelele.

Isithombe

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala isitsha, kuyadingeka ukuba ulungiselele ngokucophelela indawo yomuthi omdala omdala futhi uhlinzekele okungenani ama-nuances.

Ngokuyinhloko, ukuze uthole isibonelo seDessert Morozova, kungcono ukhethe isakhiwo Usayizi wamamitha angu-3x3. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesikwele esinjalo, uhlelo lwempande, isisekelo sanoma yisiphi isitshalo, singakhula ngokujwayelekile ngokujulile nangaphezulu.

Yebo indawo yokufika kufanele ibe khona eceleni kwelanga engadini.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kube nemidwebo embalwa ngangokunokwenzeka, imimoya, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba azifiki eduze komhlaba. (ayikho eduze kuka-1.5-1 m).

Kufanele futhi uqaphele ikhwalithi yomhlabathi endaweni yokutshala.

Kumele kube nokungahambisani nemithi (by acidity) i-loam, isihlabathi esinesihlabathi noma isihlabathi.

Ephakathi kwesikwele esenzelwe ukutshala izihlahla ukumba imbobo enobubanzi obungama-40-60 cm nobubanzi buka-50-60 cm.

Inhlabathi ihoxisiwe emgodini akufanele ilahlwe. Ixubene nama-fertilizer kanye nama-organic fertilizer (humus, humus) okwenziwa ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kwezimbewu zembewu.

Ngenkathi yokutshala isithombo emgodini obeke eceleni, lungisa izimpande zawo.

Emva kokugcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi nomanyolo eduze kwe-trunk ngaphakathi kwendawo engama-40-50 cm ngobumnene noma yiziphi izindlela eziseduze.

Ukuchelela kokuqala ngokushesha emva kokutshala hhayi ngaphansi kwamabhakede amathathu amanzi abandayo abandayo abandayo.

Ngemuva kokuphuza ukugoqa ngaphansi kwesenzo somhlabathi oswakama Ifakwe ngobuningi obungama-2-intshi ungqimba we-mulch kusuka ku-sawdust ne-humus.

Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile okutshalayo kuhlanganisa umuthi wokunisela njalo wesihlahla (isitshalo ngasinye sabantu abadala - okungenani izikhathi ezine ngenyanga ibhakede lamanzi ekuseni nakusihlwa), ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla, ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile.

Lapho izihlahla zivame ukunciphisa amagatsha angenalutho omqhele.

Uma lokhu kudoba kunganakwa, khona-ke inani lamagatsha angenalutho liyokhula kakhulu, okuyinto eyoba nomthelela omubi ekuvuneni kwama cherry.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ngokuvamile, izinhlobonhlobo zeDessert Morozova zibonisa ukumelana okuhle nezifo ze-fungal.

Nokho ngokutheleleka okukhulu izinhlamvu ze-fossus i-Sossomuse s hiemalis - i-agent causative yesifo i-coccomicosis - le-cherry ingaba nenkomba ejwayelekile yokusimama kulesi sifo esithile.

Ngokutheleleka okunjalo, amaqabunga omuthi we-cherry agcwele amabala obomvu. Ngokushesha ikhava leqabunga liqala ukuma ngokushesha futhi liwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kubangela ukwehliswa kwesitshalo, ukulahlekelwa amandla okudla ngokujwayelekile, nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuphikiswa okuhle kwezifo ze-fungal kubonisa izinhlobonhlobo Molodezhnaya, Morozovka, Nadezhda noNovella.

Uma i-dessert cherry Morozova isagula, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa kwakhe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yisikhathi. Ukwenza lokhu, ubanjwe izinkuni ezintathu zokucubungula izinkuni.

Ngesikhathi sokuqala ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze, okwesibili - ekupheleni kwenqubo yokucubungula, okwesithathu - amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza.

Kusuka kumagundane okuyinto engalimaza amagxolo ebusika futhi amagatsha aphansi we-cherry azogcina ukugoqa phansi komuthi umshini okhethekile noma noma yikuphi okunamandla.

Njengoba kunzima ukubona, ukutshala, ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobo ezichazwe, izinambuzane kanye nokulawulwa kwezifo akufani kakhulu nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani nezinye izinhlobo zama cherry.

Kodwa umgadi wensimu kuzodingeka enze konke lokhu ukuze athole umkhiqizo omuhle ukunambitha nokuphilile.