Izithelo zomvini sekuyisikhathi eside zingabi yizindawo zezivini zaseningizimu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezindawo ezizimele zezindawo ezibandayo zaseNyakatho zaseRussia.
Kodwa abaningi bayamangala ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo zemvelaphi yemvelo ezitholwe ososayensi futhi manje zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza njengabaxhasi bokumelana okukhulu.
Sibheka ngamagilebhisi "Amur", angomunye wezinhlobo eziningi ezisenyakatho zalesi sitshalo esihle.
Ngenxa yezici zayo ezinhle kakhulu, wathola indawo ehloniphekile ekhathalogu yezinhlobo zemagilebhisi futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu sizokutshela emvinini we-Amur kulesi sihloko.
Izimfihlakalo nezici zamagilebhisi "Amur": konke mayelana nebanga
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingokwemvelo kunazo zonke, ngoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukusungula nganoma iyiphi indlela uma kubonakala emahlathini esifundeni sase-Amur. Naphezu komlando wayo omude, amagilebhisi ase-Amursky abonisa ukuvumelanisa kahle kakhulu esimweni sesimanje sezindawo ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia. Emvelo, itholakala noma yikuphi, futhi ngaphansi kwemibandela yemvelo, ibonisa ukumelana okungajwayelekile futhi umvini owodwa ungadonsa ngokusekela kuze kube ngamamitha angu-30 ubude.
Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kubuye kukhulume ngokuvunwa okungavamile okuhlukahlukene okukwazi ukuyijabulisa. Kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lo mvini wasendle waba yisisekelo sokukhethwa kwezinhlamvu eziningi, ezithandwa kakhulu namuhla: izinhlobo "Northern" nethi "Dawn of North", "Talisman", "Skiff", "Triumph".
Isici sezithelo zomvini "Amur"
Ifomu evamile leqembu lamagilebhisi liyi-cylindrical noma i-cylindrical. Amajikijolo awahlanganiswa ngokuqinile kuwo, ngenxa yokuthi iqoqo lihlukumezekile. Ubude beqembu elilodwa ngokwesilinganiso lingaba lisentimitha eziyi-10 ukuya ku-15. Ubukhulu bamajikijolo namaqoqo amancane.
Lezivini zingabonakala ngombala omnyama wamajikijolo, futhi nawo ane-bloom bluish. Isikhumba sibheka ngokuvamile sincane kakhulu, okwenza kube kufanelekile ukuhamba. Ububanzi, eyodwa berry berry cishe 1.5 centimeters.
Inyama amajikijolo alula futhi anomsoco kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi "Amur" kulula, kungaba kokubili okumuncu futhi okumnandi, kuye ngezimo zokuvuthwa. Amagqabunga amagilebhisi alezi zinhlobonhlobo asetshenziselwa kokusetshenziswa okusha futhi ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yesibili: amajusi, i-compote newayini, kanye nokomisa. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza uviniga noma i-acartaric acid.
Naphezu kokuba lesi sivini asivuthiwe esikhungweni sezimboni (ngenhloso yalokhu, izinhlobo zalo ziphumelela kangcono njengesitshalo), imbewu yayo isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amafutha omvini kanye nendawo ekhofiwe.
Ama-Amur Ukuthela Amagilebhisi Amavolumu Nemigomo Yeqoqo
Leli gilebhisi lingezinhlobonhlobo zekota elivuthiwe lokuvuthwa, okuyinto engamangali ngesifunda semvelo sokukhula kwayo. Izimbali ezihlahleni zamagilebhisi zigcwele, ngoba phakathi kwazo zonke amahlumela alo, cishe ama-80% athela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bamaqoqo, kusukela ku-1 ukuya ku-3 kungahle kube nesibhamu esisodwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka ku-hektha elilodwa lamasimu amagilebhisi alezi zihlukahlukene, ungakwazi ukuqoqa kusuka kuma-60 kuya ku-80 abaphakathi kwezitshalo ezikhule kahle.
Ukuvuna esifundeni sase-Amur, ungaqala engxenyeni yokuqala noma phakathi no-Septemba.
Uma ukhula amagilebhisi ama-Amur njengesivuno sasekhaya, uthathe futhi udale isihlahla ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuvuthwa kwesitshalo kungase kwenzeke kancane kancane, ngoba amaqoqo azothola ukushisa okukhulu nokukhanya kwelanga.
Izici nezimfanelo ezinhle zamagilebhisi "Amur"
- Izinhlobonhlobo cishe azizesabi iqhwa. Ngisho nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa ukuya ku -40 ° C esihlahleni semagilebhisi akubonanga noma yimuphi umonakalo nhlobo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amagilebhisi asetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa futhi ukhonza njengomnikeli walensimu.
- Futhi, ngisho isivuno asesabi ekwindla amaqhwa, lapho ukunambitheka kwalo kungakhula kuphela, okwenza amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu.
- Izilonda zezinambuzane nezifo ezivame kakhulu zezivini zazingekho. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukumelana kwamagilebhisi ukuphefumula.
- Ukuvuthwa kokuvuna kwamagilebhisi ka-Amursky kuyashesha kakhulu, okuvumela ukuba kuvunwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqanda neqhwa.
- Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamagilebhisi.
- Ukufaneleka kwamagilebhisi namajikijolo okuhamba.
- Ukukhula okuhle kakhulu kwesihlahla somvini, lapho kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokuzalanisa kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-giant. Ukukhula okuphelile komvini kungaba ngamamitha ayi-2.5.
- Isihlahla siveza izithelo kahle futhi sibekezelela izihlahla ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
- Ngama-grape transplants, iyakwazi ukugxila ngokushesha futhi ngokuphumelelayo futhi ivumelane nezimo ezintsha ezikhulayo.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezintsha.
- Isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa nokutshala izesekeli eziqondile, ukudala izithiyo zokuphila.
Izinhlobo eziyingozi: yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangela ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi "Amur"
- Izihlahla ezinamandla ezingavamile zenza ubunzima obukhulu lapho kuvuna. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iningi lamaqoqo ngokuvamile lihlala lingasebenzi.
- Ukwandisa usayizi nekhwalithi yesitshalo isihlahla sidinga izihlahla ezivamile futhi eziqinile, okuzokwenza ukuba usebenze kanzima kakhulu.
- Amajikijolo ama-Gourmet awakwazi ukugcizelela ukunambitheka kwawo, okwamanje, okuyinto engakwazi ukukhokhela ukukhanga kwangaphandle kwesihlahla samavini.
Yini ekhethekile ekutshaleni amagilebhisi "Amur": yonke imithetho nezigaba
Amagilebhisi "Amur" angasakazeka ngezindlela eziningi, kubandakanya:
- Ukutshala isihlahla semagilebhisi ngembewu ehlukahlukene.
- Sebenzisa ukutshala amagilebhisi "Amur" amagatsha omunye umuthi wezinhlobo ezifanayo.
- Ukuqoqa ama-cuttings we-varietal shrub esitokisini senye inhlobonhlobo.
Ngenxa yokuphila okuhle kwalolu hlobo kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuhle, ukutshala amagilebhisi kusayithi lakho ngeke kube yinkinga. Kodwa njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo, Amagilebhisi ase-Amursky atshalwe kahle ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvuthweni okusheshayo kwesitshalo nokukhula okungcono kwesihlahla samavini.
Amagilebhisi yizinhlaka ezingathandeki kakhulu nezinkanyezi ezisenyakatho ezibandayo, ezingasithinta kakhulu izimbali, zinqume ama-inflorescences futhi zikushiye ngaphandle kokuvuna.Ungakhohlwa ukukhula okusheshayo komvini, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela izisekelo ezikhethekile zokusika umvini.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokukhetha ukutshala amagilebhisi "Amur"
Ukutshala amagilebhisi kulezi zihlukahlukene kuzoxhomeka ngokuqondile endleleni oyihlwanyelayo oyikhethayo. Ukuzalisa amagilebhisi ukupheka kangcono ukukhetha entwasahlobo. Lesi sikhathi sishisa kakhulu ukuhluma nokuqothula, futhi kuyoba khona isikhathi esizayo sokukhula kwesihlahla esisha. Ngakho-ke, amagilebhisi atshalwe entwasahlobo ayoba nesikhathi sokuqina futhi athole amandla ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa ebusika. Kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla kufanelekile ukugoma.
Umehluko uzoba nje kuphela ukuthi ngesikhathi ekwindla ukuhlanganiswa kwesitokisi kuzodinga ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokucophelela futhi kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukuze kugcinwe kuze kube entwasahlobo umthamo owanele womswakama oqinisekisa umsebenzi wawo obalulekile.
Imbewu yalesi grape ingcono kakhulu ithunyelwe emhlabathini ekwindla, emva kokuvuna. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, bangahlwanyelwa futhi, ngaphambi kokuyithumela emhlabathini, kuzodingeka ukuthi ugcwale imbewu emanzini futhi enze ezinye izindlela eziningi, okuzochazwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.
Izindlela zokubeka isivini: ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi, uhlelo lokutshala
Amagilebhisi amahle "Amur" ukuthi ahlanganisa ngokuphelele nezinhlobo eziningi zemhlabathi. Yiqiniso, lokho Kungcono kakhulu enhlabathini ngehlelo elihle lokudonsa amanzi kanye nezinga elijwayelekile le-asidi. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, amazinga aphakeme ngokungavamile ahlonishwa lapho ehlwanyela lawa amagilebhisi kuma-humus ne-limestone, emhlabathini okhona eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Lapho ulungiselela imigodi yamagilebhisi, kufanele ukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwehlathi kufanele libe okungenani imitha elilodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho lizophazamisana. Ochwepheshe futhi bakhombisa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi anjalo eduze kwezihlahla zezithelo akuthandeki kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, kungashesha kakhulu futhi kukhishwe ngesihlahla ngokuqinile, "ukuchofoza" futhi kuncishiswe kakhulu isivuno.
Izigaba zokuhlwanyela nokutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi "Amur"
Ukulungisa imbewu yamagilebhisi "Amur" kudingeka uqale kusukela ekwindla, emva kokuvuna. Kudingeka zibekwe emhlabathini, zibeke ngokujula cishe ngamasentimitha angu-2.5. Ngemuva kwalokho, linda nje entwasahlobo kanye nokuqoqa izithombo zamagilebhisi.
Uma unquma ukuwahlwanyela entwasahlobo, khona-ke imbewu kufanele ifakwe emanzini cishe ngosuku nangemva kwalesi sikhathi, uhlanganise nabo ngesihlabathi bese ushiya ebhokisini (ingafakwa esikhwameni seplastiki). Kungcono ukugcina imbewu yamagilebhisi endaweni ebandayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lizohlala lihlala khona ngo-4 ° C.
Ukuze imbewu ihlume, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba entwasahlobo ifike, ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini futhi igcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa okungenani + 20 ° C. Njengoba kwenzeka ekwindla ekwindla, silinde ukuba imbewu ihlume futhi izame ukucophelela ngokucophelela izithombo, kanye nezinye izitshalo zasendlini.
Ukutshala izithombo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho kufika ihlobo, ngoba kuphela ngalesi sikhathi bayoba namandla ngokwanele futhi bayakufanelekela lokhu. Ukufika kufanele kwenziwe kanje:
- Okokuqala, silungiselela umgodi ngokulinganisa 0.5x0.5x0.6 amamitha. Ukuze kube nemifudlana emihle engezansi ukuthululela ungqimba lwamatshe, ubukhulu obukhulu okufanele bube ngu-10-15 amasentimitha. Inhlanganisela yomhlabathi ovundile kanye nama-fertilizer ephilayo uthululwa phezu kwe-rubble. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukutshala izithelo zomvini ngqo kumanyolo, ngoba ingashiswa. Ngakho-ke, enye ingqimba yenhlabathi elula ihlanganiswe phezulu komanyolo.
- Uhlelo lwempande ngaphambi kokutshala kumele lube nesisombululo esingashukumisa ukuqhuma. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa emgodini bese iwalala ngokucophelela. Kubalulekile ukuthi intamo yawo impande ayihlanganiswa nenhlabathi.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, imbewu kufanele iphuze kakhulu (isebenzisa cishe ama-30-40 amalitha amanzi) futhi ihlanganise umhlabathi owuzungezayo. I-peat noma igxolo lomuthi ingasetshenziswa kangcono njenge-mulch.
Izici ukuhlanganiswa cuttings amagilebhisi "Amur"
Isiqu kanye nesitoreji ohlela ukuyitshala, qiniseka ukuthi uqale ukulungiselela. Ukuzisika kuvame ukuvuna ekwindla bese kugcinwa kuze kufike entwasahlobo efakwa esihlabathini endaweni epholile. Entwasahlobo baxoshwa futhi bahlulwe (ingxenye engezansi kuphela, ukuze uthole umcibisholo wokubamba okungcono kwe-stock). Ingxenye engezansi yokusika, kanye nensimu, igcinwa izinsuku eziningana emanzini kanye nesisombululo esikhethekile sokwenza izimpande ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa.
Ukulungiswa kwe-stock kuhlanganisa:
- Susa isihlahla esidala.
- Ukususa ukusika.
- Hlukanisa isitoreji sokusika.
Kufana nokuhlukaniswa kwesitokisi esibekwe isiqu, siqine ngokuqinile ngendwangu noma intambo ehlala njalo. Uma ukugonywa kwenziwa ebusika, isayithi lokugoma kufanele lihlanganiswe nobumba obumanzi, ukuze umswakama omkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ugcinwe kuwo futhi ungabe usomile ebusika. Futhi, umuthi wokugoma kufanele uhlanganiswe, okuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.
Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi "Amur" okukhiphayo?
Le ndlela yiyona elula, nakuba inama-nuances ambalwa. Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke ukutholakala kwehlathi lapho, empeleni, ungenza ukuhoxiswa. Okulandelayo, phakathi kwamahlumela akhethiwe aqinile futhi asondelene nokuphunyuka komhlaba. Uguqa phansi bese elala ubuningi bomhlabathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi ihlanzeke kakhulu, ngoba yilokho okuzosiza ekuqothulweni kwesitoko.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngamagilebhisi okuqala
Indlela yokulondoloza nokwandisa isivuno samagilebhisi: imithetho yokunakekela isihlahla somvini unyaka wonke
- Ukunisela kwamagilebhisi "Amur" kufanele kwenziwe njalo futhi njalo kuphela lapho usemncane, kuyilapho uhlelo lwempande lukhula kuphela. Amagilebhisi amancane ikakhulukazi asaba ukoma, okungathinta kakhulu isivuno. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala kanye nokwanda kwemikhiqizo yayo, ukumelana nokomela kwanda kakhulu, nakuba kungcono ukukhansela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo.
- Ngemuva kokuphuza inhlabathi ezungeze umvini kuyadingeka ukuphula umquba. Ngeke nje kube nomthelela ekulondolozeni umswakama emhlabathini, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlunga kuyodla izithelo zomvini ezinezakhi. I-mulch ungqimba lomsindo wamagilebhisi ayi-3-5 cm.
- Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kungomunye wabambalwa ukuthi ngisho nasebusika obunzima kakhulu akudingi indawo yokuhlala ekhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokumelana kwayo kakhulu neqhwa. Kodwa, hhayi bonke abasebancane, kuphela emva kokutshala umvini ngeke ukwazi ukuziqhenya, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukumboza. Izithombo zomvini nezitshalo zekwindla zingcono kakhulu zimbozwa besebenzisa i-waterplug elula noma ibhuloho langokhuni ngaphandle kosuku. Njengoba sesimise ngaphezu kwamagilebhisi ethu, singawugcwalisa ngokuphepha ngenhlabathi futhi siyishiye ebusika. Ukuze isakhiwo esinjalo singabe sihlukana isikhathi eside, singaqinisa ngezitini noma amabhodi anzima.
- Ngaphandle kokusika izihlahla, lesi sivini sizophenduka masinyane isitshalo se-varietal sibe yindlovu. Phela, ukusika akugcini nje kukuvumela ukudala isihlahla, kodwa futhi kunomphumela omuhle ekwandeni kwevolumu kanye nekhwalithi yamagilebhisi.
- Kodwa ukuvuna amagilebhisi "Amur" akudingekile. Kuyoba okwanele ekusetshenzisweni kwemifino yamaminerali futhi engajwayelekile
- i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
- Njengoba ukukhanya okunganele nokuqina okuqinile kwehlathi, ukuphika kwayo ezinambuzane kanye nezifo ze-fungal kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, enye yezindlela zokubhekana nazo iwukusika futhi uhlelo olufanele lokutshala amagilebhisi. Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo ezinjalo, kabili ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezihlahla kanye kanye ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamagilebhisi, ukupuniza kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile, awakhiwa kabanzi ezitolo ezikhethekile.
