Ngezinye izikhathi, kubonakala sengathi ukutshala isivini akuyona into enkulu, ngoba kuyisiko esingenakuzithoba.
Kodwa, uma ufuna ukuthola amahlumela enempilo amagilebhisi, udinga ukwazi ezinye izimo zokutshala nokuzinakekela.
Izithelo zomvini zika "Isabella" azigcini nje ezihlwabusayo, kodwa zihle kakhulu.
Ngesinye isikhathi bahlwanyelwe ukutshala indawo, ngoba, endaweni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yamaqabunga, omnyama okwesibhakabhaka, cishe omnyama, amajikijolo abukeka emuhle.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ekuchazeni izinhlobonhlobo kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi "u-Isabella" iyinhlobonhlobo yetafula-ezobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa ukwenza ijusi newayini. Amakhekhe avela ku-"Isabella" anezakhiwo ezithandekayo ze-aftertaste nezindawo ezilwa ne-bacteria, kepha iwayini alivinjelwe kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe, lawa mawayini asetshenziswe kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi aqukethe inani elikhulu le-methanol, elingamukeleki ngamazinga e-EU.
Kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi kukhona okuqukethwe okuphakeme kwe-methanol kwezinye iziphuzo ezidakayo, ngakho-ke kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ukuvimbela amawayini e-Isabella kuyindlela nje yokugwema ukuncintisana okungadingekile kweFrance namanye amazwe. ERussia, iwayini elimnandi elibomvu kusuka kulezi zihlukahlukene lithandwa kakhulu.
Amaqoqo "ka-Isabella" ihlanganisa ubukhulu obuphakathi, obumnyama, obunama-bluish, amajikijolo, ehlanganiswe ne-patina emhlophe eminyene. Inyama, evikelwe ngesikhumba esinyene, isikhukhuni, i-mucous encane futhi ine-flavored flavor. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele singakapheli izinsuku ezingu-180 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Iqoqo ngokwalo lingamasayizi aphakathi, futhi izihlahla zevini zivuthiwe.
Ukukhiqiza "Isabella" cishe ngo-70 c / ha. Lesi sibonakaliso siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu zenze kanjani futhi ukunakekela kahle isivini. Ngu ukuvuthwa "U-Isabella" ubhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziseduze. Ungavuna kuphela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba.
Ubuhle bezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi
Inzuzo engenakuphika yalokhu kuhlukahluka yanda ukunqanda kwama-frost, okungabazeki ukuthi yenza lula ukunakekelwa kwesivini, ngoba akudingi ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ngokwendlela yokuwa noma ukugoqa ngezinto zokufudumala ngesikhathi seqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kahle nezifo eziningi ze-fungal nezinambuzane ezifana ne-phylloxera.
Isihlahla somvini esidala lapho kwenzeka umonakalo noma ukukhishwa kwamagatsha amakhulu noma amaqabunga akwazi ukukhiqiza amahlumela amancane, okuvumela ukuba bavune isivuno esigcwele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Iphendula kahle ekukhuleni komhlabathi okwandayo, ihambisane kahle nezindawo ezihlukene zezulu, kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho lezi zinhlobo ezivuthiwe zomvini zingase zingabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu.
Ukungalungi ebangeni "u-Isabella"
Ezinye zeziphambeko zika "Isabella" zihlanganisa ukubekezelelana okuncane emkhakheni. Ngenxa yobuningi obuningi bomswakama, amandla okukhula omvini ancipha kakhulu futhi ashiya ukuwa. Lezi zihlukahlukene zisetafuleni-ezobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke ububanzi balo bokusetshenziswa buyancipha kuya ekuqhutshekweni kwejusi noma iwayini.
Izici zokutshala amagilebhisi
Izithelo zomvini ziyisiko elingenakuzithoba. Kungakhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinokubunjwa okumbiwa kwamaminerali. Kodwa kunjalo ngaphambi kokufika Kungcono ukuhlaziya nokuthola uhlobo luni lomhlaba kusayithi lakho. Uma inhlabathi ingumbumba, kubalulekile ukuthi umvini enze amanzi amanzi, uma isayithi iqukethe inani elikhulu le-peat - udinga ukwengeza isihlabathi. Indawo enesihlabathi kufanele ifakwe umanyolo noma umquba.
Into kuphela ukuthi amagilebhisi awunawo kuhle kakhulu amaxhaphozi usawoti. Kungcono ukhethe indawo ekhanyisiwe kahle, okulungile ukutshala kuyoba yintaba encane, ebheke eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Uma kungenjalo kungenzeka ukutshala, bese ukhetha indawo eduze nodonga lwesakhiwo, okuzokwenza ukushisa kwalo kusuka elangeni kuya emvinini ngenkathi ebandayo. Awukwazi ukutshala izihlahla zamagilebhisi ezindaweni lapho umoya obandayo uphazamisa khona, futhi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aseduze.
Izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokufika Kunconywa ukumba imivini ngokufanele, hlanganisa inhlabathi ye-asidi nge-lime ngesilinganiso se-200g kumitha eyodwa yesigcawu.
Indlela yokukhetha isikhathi esihle sokufika
Isikhathi sokutshala singakhethwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Uma unquma ukuthi intwasahlobo ingcono, khona-ke udinga ukulinda kuze kube yilapho umhlaba usoma kahle futhi uvuselele. Eningizimu cishe ngo-15 kaMeyi, futhi enyakatho, ngemva kwesikhathi esincane, ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Abanikazi bewayini abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukutshala isivini ekwindla, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi cishe kuningi ukukhetha izinto ezinhle zokutshala, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, umvini, owawutshalwa ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sekwindla, uzobe usuvele ukhulele entwasahlobo futhi uzothela izithelo ngaphambi kwezithombo zentwasahlobo. Phela, phakathi nenkathi yasebusika uhlelo lwempande luzoqina futhi luzokhula.
Isikhathi sokutshala kwe-autumn sincike ekujuleni kokuqala kwama-frosts esifundeni. Ngakho-ke, selivele lifudumele (entwasahlobo) noma lingabanda ngokwanele (ekwindla), indawo ikhethiwe, inhlabathi ilungisiwe, futhi ungaqhubeka nokutshala umvini.
Kumelwe udinga isihlahla somvini owodwa Cishe ngo-80/80 / 80cm. Umgogodla wegodini kufanele udonswe ngamasentimitha angu-10, ngenxa yalokhu izinhlanzi ezincane, amagugu noma itshe elichotshoziwe lizobe lifanelekile ukuze kungabikho ugqugquzeli wobuningi ohlelweni lwempande.
Phakathi nendawo ye-recess usetha ukusekelwa kusuka kwesikhonkwane noma ukuqiniswa okunamandla. Simboza ungqimba lwamanzi ngezingqimba zomhlaba, bese ubeka ungqimba womanyolo (cishe amabhakede amathathu omquba noma umquba, 300 g we-superphosphates, 100 g we-salassium salts kanye nomunye umuthi wokhuni). Ingqimba eholayo iswakanyiswe kahle, futhi imbobo eya ku-1/3 igcwaliswe ngendwangu yomhlaba. Emkhakheni wezokusekela senza isigundane senhlabathi futhi sakha isiteji.
Ukuze ukutshala okuphumelelayo kwamagilebhisi, kungcono ukusebenzisa izihlahla ezinomnyaka owodwa noma ezimbili ubudala, izimpande ezithuthukile kahle namahlumela avuthiwe.
Ngaphambi kokufika unciphise izimpande eziyinhloko phansi kwe-seedling kuya ku-15cm. Izimpande ezigulayo nezonakalisiwe ziqedwe ngokuphelele. Uma izimpande zingathuthuki kahle, sebenzisa ukufika okuthambekeleyo ukuhluma kwazo zonke izindawo. Kanye nezimpande zinqunywe futhi zibalekele, zishiya zibe yizingu-4 zamafulethi amakhulu kunazo zonke. Isikhathi esisele ngaphambi kokutshala, usike isithombo esigcinwe emanzini.
Ngemuva kokufaka isihlahla emgodini wokufika kudingekile ukubopha futhi uqondise kahle izimpande. Ngezansi sigcwalisa umhlaba ukuze izinga lokuhlanganiswa kwesithombo noma indawo yokuhlanganiswa kwamahlumela kungaphezulu kuka-3 cm kunezinga lomhlabathi. Ngokucophelela i-prikapayem ehlathini, kancane kancane ihambisana nomhlabathi. Gcwalisa ngokuphelele indawo yokufika.
Gcwalisa inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo peat noma humus. Kuye esifundeni sokutshala amagilebhisi kunezici ezincane. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, amagilebhisi avunyelwe kuze kube ngu-20 cm ukugwema ukuma. Emazweni asenyakatho, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe umgodi ukumba umsele kuze kufike ku-50 cm ejulile ukuze izimpande zamagilebhisi zijule kakhulu enhlabathini futhi zingagcini.
Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa yehlathini kumele ligcinwe kuze kufike ku-2m, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo ngokwabo - 1.5m. Ibanga elivela kumbhodlela odongeni lifinyelela ku-50 cm, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ageleza aphuma ophahleni awiwi ezihlahleni ezitshaliwe.
Kuhle ukuhlwanyela isivini esiqhingini esisodwa, ngakho-ke kuyobe kukhanya kahle kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Uma zonke izimo sezifinyelelekile, izithelo zomvini zakho zizoqala izimpande futhi ziyojabula amahlumela amancane. Ngempela, ukuhlakanipha okuncane kakhulu. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, i-buds yokuqala isivele isanda. Amahlumela akhula isikhathi eside ahlanganiswe ukwesekwa okusekelwe noma ngezikhonkwane.
Izimfihlo Zokunakekela Isivini
Ukunisela
Njengazo zonke izitshalo ezivuthiwe, amagilebhisi adinga ukuchelela okwanele futhi okwanele, ikakhulu uma isimo sezulu sinomile kakhulu. Kodwa, umswakama owedlule, futhi, ngokuqinisekile uyingozi. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-cluster, ngokuchelela ngokweqile, amajikijolo ayoqhuma futhi, ngokufanele, alahlekelwe ukunambitheka nokubukeka kwawo.
Lapho ukuchelela kufanele futhi ucabangele lapho insimu isitshala khona. Uma inhlabathi ibumba obunzima, kufanele ihlanjululwe kancane, kodwa ngamanzi amaningi ngokwanele. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi onomhlabathi, umswakama awuhlali isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwasebenzisa kaningi futhi ngevolumu encane.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa cabanga ngesimo sezululapho isivini sitshalwe khona. Phela, imvamisa kanye nokuningi kokunisela kuxhomeke ekushiseni nangomswakama womoya, ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izinhlobo zamagilebhisi (ekuqaleni noma ngasekupheleni) nesikhathi seqhwa lokuqala.
Ngemuva kokuvuna umvini akuvamile ukuphuziswa. Ukugcoba kokugcina kwekwindla, okwenziwa ngamanzi amaningi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kugcwaliswe izingxube ezijulile zobuningi ngomswakama futhi ulungiselele umvini ukuze kuphumelele ubusika.
Ukuze uthole umswakama ongcono kunezimpande, ama-grooves amancane angakwazi ukuhlonywa ukuze amanzi angagqubuki nxazonke ehlathini. Ngemuva kokunisela, kuphakanyiswa ukuba ukhulule phansi emagilebhisi, ukuze uthole ukungena emoyeni okungcono nokugcina umswakama kuwo isikhathi eside. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuhlanganisa umanyolo we-slurry nokunisela. Izenzakalo ezinjalo zenza kube ngcono ukuqina kweqhwa lomvini.
Ukunquma umhlabathi wamagilebhisi
Ukuhlangana komhlabathi - Lokhu kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulima, esetshenziselwa abalimi abanolwazi nabavinini bewayini. Isenzo saso sibhekiswe ezicini eziningi, isibonelo:
- ukulondoloza umswakama emhlabeni nxazonke zesiko;
- ukuthuthukisa umsoco wesihlahla somvini;
- ukuvinjelwa kokubonakala kwe-crust emhlabathini, okunciphisa ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni ohlelweni lwempande;
- ukucindezela nokuvimbela ukukhula kokhula;
- ukuqukatha inhlabathi ehamba phambili emvinini emithambekeni;
- ukuvikelwa kwesimiso sempande kusuka ekuqandeni, phakathi nesikhathi seqhwa elikhulu, ebusika.
Njengomuthi we-mulch, ungasebenzisa imifino ephilayo (umquba ovuthiwe, i-humus kanye ne-compost), amagatsha ephayini ne-spruce (ukuvikelwa kwesithwathwa), i-sawdust, u-hay, umhlanga, amaqabunga awile (kuphela uma ingenwa yizilokazane), i-peat crumb nezinye .
I-Mulch ingahlanganiswa (ehlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zempahla) noma i-homogeneous. Abavinini bewayini bahlangabezana nakho njalo bazama ukugcina isiyingi sungeze umqubhezi, ngoba ungqimba olungaphezulu komhlaba uthonywe kakhulu imvelo, okungukuthi, imvula, imimoya kanye nezinguquko zokushisa. Nokho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi izinto zokwakha zona, okuvela kuyo umquba, zingenza umphumela emhlabathini wendilinga eseduze.
Isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa ngotshani noma i-sawdust, equkethe inani elanele kakhulu lama-carbohydrates, lenza ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen emhlabeni ngamagciwane amakhulu, empeleni kuyisuse kude nesiko. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuphindaphinda inani lemanyolo ye-nitrogen, noma ukulungisa utshani noma utshani kusengaphambili.
Esikhathini sehlobo, i-mulch ixubana nomhlabathi lapho ivula umjikelezo oseduze, futhi ekwindla ifakwe engxenyeni engenhla enhlabathini, eyenza ngcono umthamo wamanzi nesondlo somasiko. Ukuxubha kufanelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemhlabathi, ngaphandle kwamanzi amaningi, ngoba enye yezinzuzo eziphumelelayo kulesi sekelo sezolimo ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini.
Kakhulu kakhulu Kuhle ukusebenzisa imelenze emhlabathini onesihlabathi onesihlabathi futhi onesihlabathi, kanye nasezindaweni ezinomile ikakhulukazi.
Amagilebhisi afanelekile
Ukuvuna isivini kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokushisa ebusika. "I-Isabella" yizinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga ezibandayo, ezingadingi ukuvikelwa okungeziwe, kepha kunjalo, kungcono ukufudumala izithombo ezincane ukuze ungazitholi ekubandleni. Phela, akekho okwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iqhwa lizoba nzima kanjani ebusika elizayo. Izindlela zokwehlukanisa zihlukile: kusuka kokungenwa okulula ngokugoqa noma indwangu ukuphonsa lonke ubude behlathi nomhlaba.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokugcina isivini izinaliti zokuhlenga izinyosi, okungukuthi, amagatsha ase-spruce - amagatsha e-pine noma ngesi-spruce. Ngokuvikeleka okunjalo umoya uhamba kahle, ngoba yiziphi izinqubo zokuqeda nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingavuki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha ahlala egcina isithwathwa seqhwa, esakha indawo ekahle ebusika.
Ifilimu Ukubamba umvini kubi kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi sokushisa kwebusika kwehla, ngaphansi kobuthakathaka obunjalo bokuvikela, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni isikhunta kanye nezifo ezifubeni ehlathini.
Ungalibali isikhathi sokukhosela isivini. Uma i-frosts yokuqala ibonakala ngokungalindelekile, kunengozi yokulimala ehlathini lapho ihlushwa phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi amagxolo abandayo abe obuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ukuvuna izihlahla
Ukusika umvini usebenzisa i-pruner yamagilebhisi obukhali, okushiya ukusika okuhlanzekile. Zonke izinyathelo kufanele ziqale ngemuva kokuthi amahlamvu ahlelwe kabusha yi-shrubbery futhi alala, nakuba abalimi abaningi beqala ukusika izihlahla phakathi no-Septhemba. Isimo esikhulu ukuthi yonke imisebenzi igcwaliswe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Okokuqala izihlumela ezigulayo nezonakalisiwe zisuswe. Phakathi nalezi zindlela eziqhamuka ehlathini, kuyadingeka ukuba ungalimazi amahlumela okuphela, ngoba amanxeba emagilebhisi awaphuluki kahle. Ukwandisa ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yamasese, amahlo angaphezu kwama-12 ashiywe emvinini ngamakhilomitha angu-1m2 endaweni ehlala esihlahleni esikhulile. Ungakhohlwa ukushiya amanye amahlumela ekugcineni. Njengoba akusiwo wonke amagatsha angakwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa amaqanda futhi angadinga ukusika izihlahla ezintwasahlobo.
Yini umanyolo womvini
Umquba womvini ngesikhathi sokusentwasahlobo uqukethe umquba womhlabathi ngobuningi bomquba obolile noma umquba kuze kufike ku-3 cm ubukhulu. Njengoba ngokuvamile isivinini singenalo i-magnesium, kuhle ukupopula isihlahla ngekhambi: ukuchitha 250 g we-magnesium sulfate ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
Lokhu kupuniza kuphindwe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14. Phakathi nonyaka wonke okhulayo, yondla isivini kanye ngesonto ngamanyolo wamaminerali oketshezi kuze kufike amajikijolo avuthwe.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngamagilebhisi amabhande: imithetho yokutshala nokuzinakekela.
Ukuvikelwa kwamagilebhisi kusuka ezinambuzane zangaphandle
Isivikelo ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo zesivinini kubaluleke kakhulu. Indlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu yokuphatha umvini sishaye Isixazululo sesikhumba soda (for ibhakede elilodwa elijwayelekile lamanzi - izipuni eziyi-10 kasawoti + izipuni ezingu-5 zokudla soda).
"I-Isabella" imelana nokulwa nezinambuzane eziningi nezifo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqoqwa kwezinambuzane ezinkulu esiqhingini, isivini singabuye sithole igciwane. Ukuze uvimbele, ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula okukhulayo, kungenzeka ukupakisha ama-Bordeaux fluid noma izixazululo zensimbi noma i-sulphate yethusi.
Futhi, indlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nezinambuzane kanye nokubunjwa - ukwelashwa kwamaqabunga ngesisombululo se-liquid hydrated. Ngalokhu, i-1 kg ye-lime esheshayo ihlanjululwe ngamalitha amathathu amanzi futhi, kuphela uma inqubo yokuqeda isiphelile, ivolumu ephuma kulokhu isetshenziselwa amalitha ayi-10. I-whitewash ephumela, usebenzisa ibhulashi noma i-nimbus, ikhava wonke amaqabunga.
Sithemba ukuthi indaba yethu yembula zonke izici zokukhula ezihlukahlukene "Isabella", futhi uzokwazi ukuziqhenya nge viticulture yakho yimpumelelo.
