I-Asplenium ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-fern, okuvame ukutholakala engadini yasekhaya. Ngenxa yamagqabi angavamile, angaphandle, anezimfanelo eziphakeme zokuhlobisa futhi afanelana ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi indlu yangaphakathi. Akunakwenzeka ukubiza u-aslenium isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, kepha uma ulandela izincomo ezithile ze-agrotechnical, ungakukhulela endaweni yokushisa noma indlu yokuhlala.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "asplenium" livela kulesiGreki futhi lihunyushwe ngokuthi: "a" - "hhayi", splen - "iphleen". Igama lihlotshaniswa nezindawo zokuphulukisa ezifanele. Indawo yase-Asplenium yiNingizimu Afrika, amaTropiya ase-Asia nase-Oceania.
Igumbi le-Aslenium Fern: izinhlobo nencazelo
I-Asplenium, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Kostenets fern, ingeyenahlobo lwezinhlobo ezingapheli zomndeni wakwaKossentse. I-genus ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-700 ezikhulayo ezisezingeni eliphansi, elisezindaweni eziphansi kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Endle, lesi sitshalo sivame kakhulu ukufihla ezindaweni ezinamatshe noma sikhule ezindongeni zezitini. I-Asplenium ingatholakala kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, naseNdiya, eNew Zealand, e-Australia, eMadagascar nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-aspleenium zibukeka zihlukile: kune-epiphytes, lithophytes kanye nezitshalo zomhlaba, enezincazelo ezehlukene zezici zangaphandle. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kungaba kusuka kumamitha ambalwa kuya kwamamitha amabili, futhi amapulethi amaqabunga, noma ama-frond, angabhebhezela ngokuqinile, ahlukaniswe ngephutha, ane-petioles emfushane noma ngaphandle kwabo. Uhlelo lwempande ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ze-asplenium lubuye luhluke: kusukela ku-rhizomes ezinwabuzelayo kuya ezimpandeni ezinamandla eziqinile ezigcwele izikali ezibomvu. Isici esivamile yisimo esihambisanayo sezinhlamvu (sorus), esezansi phansi kohlaka.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-aspleenium kungabonwa kuphela endle, lapho zonke izinhlobo zazo zikhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kunezimbalwa kuphela ezivamile, phakathi kwazo okuvame kakhulu ukuthi:
- Asplenium viviparous - inhlobo enhle kakhulu futhi engavamile yezilwane zasemhlabeni. Ihlukana nokugoqa i-wyai ephihliwe, ezine-pinnate, kuma-petioles amafushane. Ubude bamacwecwe amaqabunga afinyelela ku-60 cm, kanti ububanzi bufinyelela ku-20 cm. Isici sesici se-Aspenium viviparous yiziqu ezifakwe emanzini, okuthuthuka ohlangothini oluphezulu lweqabunga, futhi emva kokuvuthwa kwehla kuya emhlabathini kanye nezimpande. Indawo kuphela lapho u-Aslenium ohlala khona ephila khona i-East Africa, isiqhingi saseMadagascar.
- Asplenium Onionaceous - Olunye uhlobo lwezilwane zasemhlabeni, olufana kakhulu nolunye odlule, kodwa amapuleti amaqabunga avulekile futhi asondelene komunye nomunye. I-Vayi yi-tripty-pinnate, kuma-petioles amafushane, angaphezu kwemitha ende. Lezi zinhlobo nazo ziqukethe amaqabunga ezimpande lapho zihlasela phansi. Izwe lakwa-asplenium elikhulayo anyanisi yizindawo ezimanzi zase-Australia, eNdiya naseNew Zealand.
- Asplenium South Asia - inkulu, epiphytic noma semi-epiphytic fern. It has a eqondile, emincane amamitha amamitha amamitha aqoqwe esitolo esikhulu. Ama-leaf plates abuyele emuva-lanceolate, afana nebhande, eqinile, kuma-petioles amafushane. Ingqikithi yeshidi i-wavy kancane, njengokungathi ifakwe emgqeni ophakathi. Uhlelo lwempande lincane. Endle ikhula ezindaweni ezisogwini zase-Australia, kuma-snags amadala noma ama-stumps.
- I-Asplenium Scolopendry - Eyaziwa phakathi kwabalimi ngokuthi "ulimi lwezintambo", kufana nokufana nesitshalo se-plant asplenius, kuphela amafreyimu ayo aguqulwayo, aguqa emhlabathini. Lezi zinhlobo ezivame ukwedlula zonke emkhakheni, onenqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlamvu. Amafomu athandwa kakhulu ama-ferns anamahlumela amaqabunga noma amaqabunga amaqabunga.
- Indlu ye-Asplenium - Lezi zinhlobo ze-epiphytic, ezifana ne-South Asia, kodwa zinama-compact ngaphezulu kanye ne-rosette evulekile yamaqabunga. Ngokwemvelo, isidleke se-asplenium sisakazwa ensimini kusukela eMalay Archipelago kuya eMpumalanga Afrika, naseMadagascar naseHawaii.
Ukukhetha indawo ye-asplenium ekamelweni
Indawo ekhethiwe kahle - isihluthulelo sokulima okuphumelelayo kwe-fern aslenium ekhaya.
Ingabe i-Asplenium idinga ukukhanyisa?
I-Asplenium iyindoda ethanda umthunzi futhi ayibekezeleli ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ilanga eliqondile emaqenjini alo amaqabunga liphikisana. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokukhulisa i-asplenium, kungcono ukunikeza amafasitela abhekene nenyakatho, enyakatho-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga empumalanga. Uma ohlangothini olusenyakatho kungenakwenzeka ukubeka lesi sitshalo, kungcono ukubeka isitsha nayo kumgama wamamitha amathathu kusuka efasiteleni.
Ukushisa okucacile nomswakama wokukhula
I-Asplenium iyisitshalo se-thermophilic; ukunakekelwa kwayo kuhilela ukwakha izinga lokushisa lomoya elihle kulesi sitshalo ekhaya. Ukushisa lapho uzizwa uzizwa ukhululekile khona + 21 ... +24 ° С. Uzobona izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nomoya owomile kabi - amaqabunga amaqabunga azokoma, amafreyimu amasha ayoyeka ukukhula, okuzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ayithandi i-Asplenium drafts kanye nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekushiseni, ngakho ukushayela kufanele kuqaphele. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kancane phakathi nobusika, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwe-+16 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo singase sishaye futhi sichithe amaqabunga ayo.
Umhlabathi wokukhula kwe-asplenium
Izinhlobo ze-asplenium zasemhlabeni zikhetha ukukhanya, kancane kancane, inhlabathi evulekile ehanjiswa ngezithasiselo eziphilayo. Ingxube ye-sod neqabunga lomhlaba, i-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi ifaneleka njenge-substrate ku-isilinganiso 2: 3: 3: 1: 1. Kuhle futhi ukwengeza izingcezu ezincane zamalahle, izinhlanzi zobumba nezinyosi ze-sphagnum eziqoshiwe phansi. Izitshalo ze-epiphytic, ingxube ye-peat moss ne-peat, i-coconut fiber ne-pine bark Kunconywa. Ukulungele ukuthenga inhlabathi ye-orchid kuyoba kufanelekile.
Izici zokufika nokukhiqizwa kwegumbi le-asplenium
Kuye ngohlobo lwe-asplenium, izindlela nezici zokukhiqiza kwayo ziyahlukahluka. Izilwane eziphilayo zizalwa ngama-brood efihlekile ezimpande emhlabathini, zonke ezinye - ngokuhlukanisa i-queen queen. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kuphela abantu abadala abadala abangahlukaniswa. Lokhu kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngokufakelwa kwe-uterine entwasahlobo. Impande kumele ikhwekwe ibe yizingxenye ezimbili noma ezine, ngakho-ke ishidi ngalinye elihlukanisiwe liqukethe amaphuzu amaningana okukhula. Ngemva kokuhlukanisa izithombo ngokushesha kudingeka zitshalwe endaweni evulekile, inhlabathi.
Ekhaya, i-aslenium ingabuye isakazwe ngokuhlwanyela izinhlamvu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokucophelela ususa isipuni se-spore kusuka epulazini leshidi elivuthiwe kufakwe ephepheni lesasakazwa ngaphambilini. Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela izinhlamvu entwasahlobo ebusweni bomhlabathi we-calcined peat. Ukushisa kwe-air for germination spore kumele kube okungenani + 22 ° С. Izakhiwo ezigcwele ingilazi noma ifilimu ukugcina umswakama. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zivele, zihlanjululwa, zihamba ibanga lika-3 cm. Emva kwamasonto amathathu izitshalo zifakelwa zibe iziqukathi ezihlukene. Ukuze i-asplenium, izimbiza ezincane nezincane zifanelekile, lapho ungqimba lwamanzi olwenziwa ngamatshe amatshe noma ubumba olwandisiwe lubekwe ngaphambi kokutshala. I-substrate enjalo isuke ingavamile futhi ingazinzile, ngakho-ke, ukuze ukhule kahle kangcono, i-fern igxile ebhodweni enefreyimu yocingo. 
Uma kudingekile ukusabalalisa i-asplenium ye-viviparous, khona-ke amafihlethi ama-brood asekhulile futhi ayanyamalala, adinga ukucindezelwa enhlabathini evumayo ecebile ngendaba ephilayo. Ngemuva kwaloko, faka isitsha nge-landings ngaphansi kweglasi noma ifilimu ye-microclimate enhle. Lapho nje amaqabunga okuqala avela, kusho ukuthi umhlengi usuqalile.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukutshala izithombo ze-asplenium azikwazi ukugxila enhlabathini ezungezile. Izimpande zesitshalo njengenhlabathi evulekile engakwazi ukuphefumulela kuyo, ngakho-ke udinga ukwenza izimbobo eziningana ezitsheni.
Ukunakekela i-asplenium ekhaya
I-flower flower Asplenium akuyona isitshalo esilula ukuzinakekela. Ukuze kuhlwanyelwe, kubalulekile ukugcina njalo isimo esinjengendawo yokuhlala yemvelo.
Indlela yokuphuza i-asplenium
Ama-water ferns adinga kuphela afudumele, athambile, avikelwe ngamanzi. Lokhu kwenziwa njalo ngezinsuku ezimbili ngendlela yokuthi uhlale unomhlabathi onomswakama kodwa ongenamanzi. Kokubili ukunqwaba kwamanzi nokumelela akumukeleki - lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwe-asplenium. Ekushisayo sasehlobo, ukuchelela ukwanda, ebusika kunciphisa. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sihlale sidinga umswakama ophezulu, okumele okungenani kube ngu-60%. I-aspryum eyomile imile. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuba uphefle lesi sitshalo ngamanzi afudumele ehlobo bese usule kahle amaqabunga ngendwangu ebomvu ebusika.
Kubalulekile! Ungafaki i-asplenium esiseduze namabhethri nama-fireplaces.
Ukudla kwe-Fern
Ama-aspleums amancane ikakhulukazi adinga ukondliwa esiteji sokukhula okukhulayo nokubunjwa kwamahlumela. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokuvamile kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSeptemba, isixazululo samaminerali omanyolo sisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimpande kabili ngenyanga. Izitshalo ezindala zidla kanye ngenyanga, ehlobo, zifaka umanyolo wezitshalo zasendlini.
I-Aslenium Ukudubula
I-Fern Asplenium ayidingi ukusika izihlahla njalo. Amafreyimani akhe amancane anefomu elungile futhi azimele ngokuzimela i rosette ephawulekayo, ehambisanayo. Amapuleti omdala omisiwe futhi aphuzi kuphela ama-cut as needed.
Ukufakelwa kwe-fern yangaphakathi
Ukufakelwa kwe-Asplenium kuyadingeka ekutshalweni kwayo okufanele futhi okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kwenziwa minyaka yonke noma eminyakeni emibili. Lapho ukufakelwa kabusha, izimpande ezifile zizosuswa, futhi izidingo eziphilayo kufanele zenziwe ngokucophelela, ukuze zingalimazi, njengoba zikhula kancane kancane, futhi umonakalo wabo uholela ekuguleni kwesikhathi eside kwesitshalo. I-Asplenyum isetshenziselwa iziqukathi ezingajulile ngenhlabathi evulekile, enomanzi. 
Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo ze-asplenium
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ze-fern aspenium zangaphakathi ziyi-scythe, isi-spider mite kanye nama-parasites we-nematode. Ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane nezilwanyana ezincane, ungasebenzisa inambuzane "Aktellik", "Fitoverm", "Fufanon" ngesilinganiso se-1-2 ml ngetitha lamanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukulwa ne-nematodes, amakhemikhali angeke asisize lapha, ngoba ama-parasite angena esikhunjeni seqabunga. Kulesi simo, kudingeke ukuba izihlahla ezikhawulwayo kuphela zikhishwe ngokuqedwa kwazo zonke izicucu zezitshalo ezimele. Kulezi zifo kaningi, i-fern Asplenium ithinta ukubola okumpunga noma okuyizimpande, okwenzeka lapho ukuchelela okungalungile. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga eziningi zalesi sitshalo zihlobene nokuphulwa kwemodi yokunakekela, isibonelo:
- uma amathiphu amaqabunga e-fern eyomile futhi efa, lokhu kubonisa ukungabi nomswakama.
- Amabala asundu emagqabeni abonisa ukuthi i-asplenium ishisa kakhulu, noma ukuthi idlulile ngama-fertilizer;
- uma amaqabunga eshidi epholile, kubanda kakhulu;
- uma amaqabunga abe aphuzi kakhulu, acacile, kusho ukuthi ukukhanya okwedlulele kuhlasela isitshalo, kufanele kuhlelwe kabusha emthunzini.
