IFogwood yisitshalo sezithelo zaphakade kusuka emndenini wamaCornelian. Indawo le ihlanganisa iMpumalanga neNingizimu yeYurophu, iCaucasus, iJapan, iChina ne-Asia Minor. Igama elithi "dogwood" lithatha izimpande zalo ngolimi lwesiTurkic futhi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "bomvu". Lowo ngumbala wamajikijolo amnandi futhi aphulukisayo. Kunezinganekwane eziningana mayelana ne-dogwood. Ngokusho komunye wabo, u-Allah wanikeza zonke izidalwa isitshalo futhi um-shaitan waba nezinkuni. Kodwa-ke, izithelo zesihlahla zazingavuthiwe futhi zazinomunyu kangangokuba umfundisi wawulahla lo muthi, wawukhafulela. Ngokushesha amajikijolo aba mnyama futhi abantu bakujabulela ukukunambitha kwabo. Ngokwesiko, lesi sitshalo besisetshenziswe isikhathi eside. Lalaziwa eRoma lasendulo.
Izici ze-Botanical
IFoodwood yisitshalo esidala esingaphila iminyaka eyi-100. Kungu-shrub noma isihlahla esiqhakaze kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-9. Ngesinye isikhathi, izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezihlala ziluhlaza zitholakala kuhlobo. I-Fin fibrous rhizome itholakala ikakhulu ezingqimbeni zenhlabathi ezingenhla. Iziqu ezicijile zimbozwe ngamagxolo abomvu ansundu. Mancane, athambeka kalula emhlabathini, futhi lapho ehlangene nenhlabathi athatha izimpande.
Amacembe anamaqabunga amafushane akhula ngokuhlukile, kwesinye isikhathi ngokuhlukahluka. Zine-epuleti e-oval noma e-ovoid enemithambo yokuhlangula ehambisanayo. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani noma omnyama. Izinhlangothi ziqinile, umngcele ukhonjisiwe.
Kusekupheleni kukaMashi, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga, kuqhakaza izimbali eziphuzi noma ezi-milky-white. Aqoqwe kuma-inflorescence aminyene acishe abe ngu-5 cm ubukhulu, ahlala amasonto angama-2-3. I-corolla inezinhlobo ezi-4 zamahhala kanye nomgogodla omncane kodwa omangalisayo. I-Dogwood yaziwa njengesitshalo esihle sikaju, kepha ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isilinganiso sokushisa sansuku zonke kuyaqabukela seqa + 12 ° C. Lokhu kwenza impova yezinambuzane ibe nzima. Ukuze impova yomoya isebenze ngokwanele, kuyadingeka ukutshala izitshalo eziningana eziseduze nesikhathi esisodwa sokuqhakaza eduzane.
Izithelo zivuthwa isikhathi eside. Kuyo yonke ihlobo, banamathela emagatsheni ngamaqoqo aluhlaza futhi kuphela kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, noma ngisho nangaphezulu kukaOkthoba, aba bomvu obomvu noma i-maroon. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-dogwood, amajikijolo apendwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omhlophe. Imvamisa zinesimo esisekuphakameni noma sesilinda, kepha sicishe sibe yindilinga noma senziwe ngumbala. Ukunambitheka kokukhulu (kufika ku-3 cm ubude) i-drupe omuncu-omnandi, i-tart. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esincanyana nogqinsi olubondayo okuwukuphela kwithambo elikhulu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-dogwood
Uhlobo lwe-dogwood luhlukaniswe ngama-4 subgenus futhi luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50.
I-Dogwood ezejwayelekile (eyesilisa). Umuthi onqenqemeni ongapheli futhi ogcwele izinto eziningi ongafika ku-5-6 m ukuphakama noma ubhule ungafinyelela kumamitha angama-4 ukuphakama. I-fibrous rhizome ilele ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-40. Amagatsha anwebekile atholakala ngamagxolo abushelelezi ansundu ambozwe ngamaqabunga angadingekileko anombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Ubude beqabunga buyi-3.5-8 cm. Izimbali ezincane ezinombala ophuzi kwizambulela ezingaba ngama-25 izingcezu eziqhakaza ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. I-Juicy-drupe yezithelo emile embozwe ngesikhumba esibomvu esikhanyayo. Izinhlobo:
- UNana - isihlahla esincane esinomqhele oyindilinga;
- I-Aurea - izitshalo zimbozwe ngamaqabunga e-monophonic aphuzi;
- I-Lukyanovsky - isihlahla ngasinye esiphakathi nendawo esinezimpondo zomqhele esiyindilinga sifinyelela ku-10-25 kg amajikijolo amakhulu ama-burgundy.
IFoodwood imhlophe. Isihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama sibonakaliswa ngamagatsha aguqukayo ngegxolo elibomvu elibushelelezi. Amaqabunga e-oval aphikisayo anombala omfushane nalombala oluhlaza okotshani obude bungama-2- 10 cm. Ama-dense corymbose inflorescence amhlophe ama-corollas amhlophe angamasentimitha angaba ngu-1 cm akhiwa emaphethelweni amagatsha.Izithelo ze-Oblate ziqala zipendwe zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese kamuva zibe mhlophe qwa.
I-Dogwood Canadian. Shrub enezimpande ezinwabuzelayo ebangeni eliphakeme ayidluli ku-20 cm. Amaqabunga amakhulu ama-oval akhula kumakhompiyutha futhi afane namahlamvu we-plantain. Izimbali eziluhlaza zihlelwe ngamaqembu amancane. Ekwindla, amajikijolo abomvu acijile avuthiwe.
Izindlela zokuzala
I -wood varietal dogwood isatshalaliswa kuphela ngezindlela zokuhlakulela:
- Izimbumbulu. Amahlumela aluhlaza ehlobo asikwe ezihlahleni ezindala kuneminyaka eyi-6 angcono kakhulu kwezimpande. Kufanele kuvunwe amahlumela angu-10-15 cm ubude nama-pair amaqabunga ama-2-3. Ingxenye engezansi yenziwa ngokungenantambo 1.5 cm ngaphansi kwe-node. Amaqabunga asondele kakhulu kwezisikiwe ayasuswa. Ama-cuttings aphathwa nge-stimulant yokukhula ("Heteroauxin") futhi atshalwe engadini endaweni evikelwe elangeni nasemoyeni. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lifafazwa ngesihlabathi somfula, bese kufakwa uhlaka oluncane bese izithombo zimbozwe ngefilimu. Isikhathi sonke se-rooting kumele simanzi ngokwanele. Izinga lokushisa lomoya le-Optimum lingu-25 ° C. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, lo greenhouse uyakhishwa. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, ama-cuttings aqala izimpande futhi ajwayele ukukhula kancane kancane ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Ukudluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo kuhlelwa ukuwa okulandelayo.
- Ukugoma (ukuqunjelwa). Amahlumela ahlukahlukene ahlanganiswe kwisitoko sezinkuni zasendle ekugcineni kwehlobo noma ngoSeptemba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza ukuhlangana okumi lapho kungu-cm ka-3 ukujula kwengxenye yengxenye yezinso ngeso, amagxolo neqabunga. Kusetshenziswa ibhandeji eliphezulu lokugqoka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 - 20, umuthi wokugomela uzothatha izimpande, bese i-latch ingasuswa.
- Izendlalelo ze-Rooting. Amahlumela aphansi cishe anonyaka owodwa ubudala, agobeka kalula, angagxila. Qala maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ngemuva kwethayile. Bamba umhlabathi ngomanyolo bese uphina amahlumela. Cindezela phezulu, kepha ushiye kuvulekile. Emavikini ambalwa, kuzovela amahlumela amasha kule ndawo. Lapho ukuphakama kwabo kudlula i-10 cm, amahlumela alala ngomhlabathi omusha. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, inqubo iyaphindwa. Ekwindla yokuqala, ukubekwa komhlaba kuyahlukaniswa bese kudluliselwa ngokushesha endaweni eyiyo.
- Ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kuyadingeka ukhethe izithelo ezivuthiwe ngaphandle kwamaphutha, uzikhulule epulpini futhi zomile. Kuwo wonke unyaka, amathambo abekwa ngotshani obunjiwe noma emgqonyeni futhi agcinwe egumbini elibandayo. Ukuhlatshaniswa okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze izithombo zivele ngonyaka wokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu itshalwe ezimbizeni ezinesihlabathi se-peat enobukhulu obuyi-3 cm. Ngonyaka wokuqala, kuvela ihlumela elincane kuphela (lingabi ngaphezu kuka-4 cm ukuphakama), ekwindla lesibili lizofika ku-10-15 cm. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, isithombo singathuthelwa engadini. Izithombo zokuzala zitholakala kusuka eminyakeni engama-7 000 yokuphila.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
IFoodwood ayilandeli ukwakheka nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, kepha kungcono uma umhlaba uvundile, lapho umhlaba ungathathi hlangothi. Kungcono ukukhetha indawo yesitshalo elangeni elivulekile. Ububanzi bomqhele, ikakhulukazi emahlathini, bufinyelela ku-3-4 m, ngakho-ke ibanga lingamelana ne-5-6 m. Ngezinye izikhathi ukufika kwe-dogwood eluhlaza kwenziwa njenge uthango oluhlaza. Izitshalo ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala nezingu-1,2 m eziphakemeyo zitshalelwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Bamba umgodi wokufika okungenani u-70 cm ukujula ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10. Ungqimba wamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic uthelwa phansi (i-ammonium nitrate, i-mullein, umquba, i-superphosphate, i-wood ash). Ngemuva kokutshala, umhlaba uyagoqwa futhi uthulule ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye samabhakede amanzi angama-2,5. Ukuze unxephezele umonakalo we-rhizome, amahlumela anqunywa ngo-30%.
Ukunakekelwa nsuku zonke kwe-dogwood kulula. Kufanele iniselwe ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha hhayi emile. Isiyingi sesiqu siyakhululwa bese ukhula luyasuswa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni ezincane. Kuyakufanelekela ukuhlanganisa ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngenhlabathi eyenziwe ngotshani noma ngotshani.
Asikho isidingo sokwenza umqhele. Kwanele ukunciphisa izindawo ezinde kakhulu futhi ususe amagatsha omile entwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwehlobo. Izitshalo ezineminyaka engu-10-15 ubudala ziyavuselela, zinqume cishe zonke amahlumela ezindala.
Kabili ngonyaka, kudotshwa izinja. NgoJuni, kwethulwa ikhambi le-bird or rotpings ebolile, futhi ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, umlotha kanye ne-superphosphate kusakazeke ebusweni bomhlabathi.
Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, izinja zasehlobo zibanda impela ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Ingabekezelela isimo sezulu esibandayo kuze kufike ku-30 ° C. Ngaphambi kwesithwathwa esibuhlungu, inhlabathi ifakwe ungqimba lwe-peat, bese imbozwa ngamahlamvu awile. Izitshalo ezitshalwe kulo nyaka zibuye zigoqwe nge-lutrasil noma nge-burlap.
Izinhlobonhlobo zasengadini yenja esezisemaphethweni wokukhethwa zithole ukungatheleleki okuhle, ngenxa yalokho, izifo zezitshalo azivamile ukuphazamisa abalimi. Kwesinye isikhathi emaqabungeni ungathola izimpawu ze-powdery hlobo noma ukugqwala, lapho ukwelashwa okuhlelekile nge-fungicide kuzosiza. Ezindlulamithi, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izimbotshana ze-multiflorum noma i-cochlea kuphela. Kusuka kubo kuzosiza ukucwecwa kwesiqu nge lime futhi kufafazwe ngamakhambi aseParis.
Izici eziwusizo ze-dogwood
Cishe yonke into iyasebenziseka ku-cornel. Emithini yesintu, amaqabunga, izimbali, amagxolo anamagatsha amasha, izimpande, futhi, amajikijolo asetshenziswa. Izinto ezingemuva ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezilandelayo:
- ama-carbohydrate;
- ushukela
- i-fiber yokudla;
- ama-organic acid;
- amavithamini;
- amaminerali;
- ama-tannins;
- flavonoids;
- amakhethini.
Le mishanguzo ine-immunomodulatory, firming, ivusa, i-diuretic, i-bactericidal izenzo. I-decoction ye-inflorescence kanye namahlamvu ithathwa ngomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, isifo sofuba. Ingxube yezimpande ezichotshoziwe noju ifakwa esikhunjeni ukwelapha amathumba nokuvuvukala.
Amajikijolo we-Dogwood asomile futhi asetshenziselwa ukwenza ijeli, ujamu, i-decoction, futhi adliwe aluhlaza. Basiza ukwenza ngcono umgudu wokugaya ukudla, bavuselele isifiso sokudla, banciphise umfutho wegazi kanye noshukela wegazi ophansi. Umphumela omuhle ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwemithambo yegazi uzibonakalisa ekuqiniseni izindonga zemithambo. Uma kunezithelo eziningi ezinamatshe nsuku zonke, zizoncibilika ngokuphelele esiswini. Lo mkhuba usiza ukulwa nemithambo ye-varicose nama-hemorrhoids.
Ukuxhunyaniswa ekwelashweni nge-dogwood kuwukuthambela kokungezwani komzimba nokungabekezelelani komkhiqizo, ukuqunjelwa, ukwanda kwe-acidity yesisu, injabulo yenjabulo.
