Ekwindla umvini udinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela.
Sekunikeze wonke amandla ayo ekuvuthweni kwesivuno, kanti umsebenzi oyinhloko womlimi kufanele ukulungise kahle isivuno sokuphumula ebusika.
Ngokuqinisekile, usuzwile kaningi ukuthi endaweni eyodwa izithelo zomvini zaphela, futhi kumakhelwane kwakuhle ubusika.
Kungani kuxhomeke, empeleni, kuphela ezihlukahlukene? Cha, hhayi kuphela. Yeka ukuthi kuyokwenziwa kanjani umsebenzi ovuthiwe esivinini ekwindla, ngakho-ke imizamo yomlimi uyothola.
Kodwa ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokuvuna okucebile okuqoqiwe cishe akufanelekile ukuncoma.
Ngakho okuvelele kokushiya ngenkathi yokuwa kukhona ukondla, ukuchelela, ukusika, ukuphathwa kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane ezinambuzane, kanye nendawo yokuhlala amahlumela emagilebhisi asebusika. Lezi zenzo kudingeka zenziwe minyaka yonke kanye nekhono. Sizokukhuluma ngalokhu kulesi sihloko.
Okokuqala mayelana nokuphuza
Njengazo zonke izitshalo zezithelo, amagilebhisi adinga ukuphuza okungaphezulu ngenkathi yokuvuthwa. Noma kunjalo, ngalokhu, futhi, awukwazi ukuwunqoba.
Ngenxa yokwanda komswakama ngesikhathi semvula enkulu, amajikijolo aqhuma emvinini, okunciphisa ukunambitheka kwawo nokubukeka okukhangayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa majikijolo awagcinwa isikhathi eside, kufanele asebenze ngokushesha futhi enze ijusi noma ashiye ukuvotela ukuze athole iwayini noma uviniga.
Emva kokuvuna amagilebhisi akunconywa ukuba athele njalo, kodwa, noma kunjalo, umhlabathi kufanele ugcwale kahle umswakama, ukugcwaliswa okuphelele kwesistimu kanye nokulungiswa okuhle kwehlathi ukuze kubusika.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi emhlabathini onesihlabathi amahlumela kufanele aphuze kaningi, kodwa ngevolumu encane yetshezi, nakwezinsimbi ezinzima, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuchelela kuncane kakhulu, kodwa kuningi kakhulu.
Isikhathi nokuvama kokunisela kunqunywa yisimo sezulu esifundeni sezivini ezikhulayo, ezenza izinga lokushisa nomswakama lomoya, ukuqina kwemimoya, ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nesikhathi sokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Noma kunjalo, nomaphi lapho isivini selitshalwe khona, phakathi kwekwindla kuyadingeka ukuba ugobe inhlabathi ngobuningi ngomswakama. Ngezinye izikhathi kule njongo ihlomisa izindawo ezincaneukuze amanzi angena ngaphansi kwezimpande zehlathi, futhi angahlali.
Ngemuva kokuphuza kuyadingeka ukukhulula phansi emhlabathini ukuze kutholakale okungcono kakhulu umoya nokulondoloza umswakama kuwo isikhathi eside. Izenzakalo ezinjalo zenza kube ngcono ukuqina kweqhwa lomvini.
Okwesibili, umanyolo wamagilebhisi
Ngemuva kokuvuna, umvini usuke ubuthakathaka ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke udinga ukudla okunamandla ukugcina amandla phakathi nobusika nokubeka amandla amasha we-fruiting elandelayo.
Kusukela ekudleni kwekwindla kuzokuxhomekeka esimweni sezithelo zomvini emva kwesithwathwa nokuthi kungakanani isivuno oyobutha esihlahleni esizayo. Ukuze unikeze zonke izinto ezidingekayo, isivini sivuthwa ngendaba ephilayo - umquba noma umquba obolile.
Akudingekile ukwenza ukumba inhlabathi yokudla. Ungakwazi ukuvimbela ukugoqa ngokuzungeza phansi kwamagilebhisi.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, umuthi wokhuni ungeze kumanyolo. Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-calcium emhlabathini kusayithi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthele cishe ama-150 g we-lime futhi usakaze inhlabathi ngokujula kwama-20-25 cm ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye samagilebhisi.
Amagilebhisi omdala omanyolo kufanele akhiqizwe kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwine. Uma isihlahla sitshala kuphela, futhi kusetshenziselwa ukufaka umanyolo kuwo, eminyakeni emine ezayo Ukukhulelwa akukhuthazwa.
Iyini umugqa wesikhathi nokuthi ungondla kanjani isivini? Abavinini bewayini abawaziyo kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, ekupheleni kwekwindla, ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa ngama-fertilizer aqukethe i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Ngokuvamile kuyinhlanganisela ehlanganisa ama-25 g we-superphosphate nama-25 g we-potassium sulfate nge-1 sq. M.
Futhi, inhlabathi ihlanganisa indawo ye-sq.m. ezungeze isihlahla somvini, uthele ingxube yamanyolo equkethe ama-20 g we-superphosphate amanzi akhiphe futhi 10 g we-potashi ahlanjululwe emanzini.
Ngalokhu kunisela, inhlabathi kumele ifakwe okungenani 20-25cm ejulile. Ungasebenzisa la mafutha ngendlela efomile kanye nokumba umhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi idlulile kakhulu futhi idinga izakhi ezengeziwe, kuyadingeka ukwengeza cishe u-2.5 g we-boric acid, u-2 g we-zinc sulphate, u-5 g we-ammonium molybdate noma u-1 g we-i-potassium iodine futhi kufika ku-2.5 g we-manganese sulphate kule nhlanganisela.
Ukondla okunjalo kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokubusika okuphumelelayo kwemivini. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla kudingekile ukugqoka ama-foliar, lokhu kuzosiza ekuvuthweni kokuqala komvini.
Khulisa isihlahla sethu ekwindla
Awu, nangu ithuba lokusika izihlahla. Kungani ukuveza isihlahla kulokhu ukuxhaphaza?
- Ngemuva kwenqubo, isihlahla sivuselelwa futhi isivuno sicebile futhi sikhulu kunamagilebhisi angagciniwe;
- isivuno sivuthwa ngokushesha kakhulu, ngoba amahlumela asemncane futhi ageleza ukugeleza angcono kubo;
- ukuvikelwa okuningi kweqhwa;
- isihlahla siba lula ukuzinakekela nokuvikela kusuka esithandweni, izifo kanye nezinambuzane;
- ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo nezinambuzane ezinambuzane ezihamba phambili esivinini ngokunciphisa amahlumela aphethwe yizifo nokugula.
Ukuqala le nqubo kungenzeka kuphela emva kokuba amagilebhisi alele, okungukuthi, amasonto ambalwa emva kokuba wonke amahlamvu awela ehlathini. Kuze kube yilolu phuzu emvinini kusekhona inqubo esebenzayo ye-photosynthesis.
Ukusika izihlahla kuqala kuzoholela ekutheni akukho izakhi ezanele ezitshalweni zamagilebhisi ukuze kube nobusika obuphephile futhi buqhubeke nokuhluma. Nokho, abanye abalimi bacabangela ukuqala kokudubula - maphakathi no-September. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuxhomeke esimweni sesimo sezulu kanye nesondlo seqhwa.
Uma nawe uqinisa futhi uqale ukusika iziqhwala zokuqala, khona-ke lapho ulawula umvini kungase kuphume endaweni engadingekile, ngoba igxolo liba buthaka kakhulu ngenxa yobanda.
Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla, okokuqala, kususwe amagatsha aphethwe amagciwane futhi omisiweokuyinto kumele iqoqwe endaweni eyodwa futhi itshiswe ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezinhlamvu zezifo kanye nezibungu ezinambuzane eziqhubekayo esivinini.
Khona-ke amahlumela engeziwe asusiwe ukuze akhe isimo esifanele sehlathi. Akufanele kukhohliwe ukuthi umvini kufanele ushiywe ngaphandle kwamagatsha amakhulu aphilile kanye namahlumela enza umsebenzi ohlukile wokubunjwa kwamagilebhisi.
Kunezinqubo eziningana zokwehlisa izihlahla, okumele kulandelwe uma wesaba ukulimaza isivini sakho ngezindlela ezingadingekile.
- Iziqu ezimbili eziphansi emvinini akufanele zicatshangelwe, azikakhiwa ngokwanele;
- Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba ufuna ukusika wonke amagatsha asemaceleni emagatsheni amadala. Yilabo abafinyelela ocingweni, okutholakala ngamasentimitha angu-60 kusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi;
- Amagatsha aluhlaza afinyelela ku-wire, atholakala ku-30 cm emhlabathini, anqume kuphela isihloko, okungukuthi ku-15% ubude obuphelele behlumela. Sinquma amahlangothi, sishiya amaqabunga amabili ngaphezu kwawo;
- Phakathi nenyanga ekwindla, ngo-Okthoba, kuhlanganiswa isithelo, esakhiwa umcibisholo wezithelo kanye ne-bitch ehlukile. Ukuze ibhukhimakhi layo elungile, sithatha amahlumela amaningana aqinile afinyelela kufoni yesibili. Sinqamula phansi, sishiya amaphuzu amathathu kuphela - lokhu kuzoba iphuzu lokufaka endaweni. I-shoot, ephezulu, inqunywe kangangokuthi cishe ama-buds angu-6 ahlala kuyo - lokhu kuyoba umcibisholo wesithelo;
- maphakathi no-September wonke amahlumela afinyelele ku-20 cm anqunywa;
- Amahlumela asakhulile angaphezu kwezingu-30 cm ubude, alunwe ngu-10%;
- emahlathini aneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, wonke amahlumela anqunyiwe anqunywe, kuphela lawo atholakala engeni lika-90 degrees ahlala. Ukuze uthole isihlahla esinempilo futhi esinamandla kuyadingeka ukuba ube nezingcezu eziyisikhombisa zemikhono enjalo;
- Ngemuva kwalokho, isisindo esomisiwe sinqunywa.
Zonke izindawo zokucutshulwa kanye nokuphathwa kwezihlahla zomvini kuyadingeka ukumboza nge-pitch pitch, ukuze ugweme izinqubo zokubola.
Ungasusi ngaphezulu-ngokuzithandela ukususa. Kufanele uhlale ukhumbule mayelana nokugcina, okungahle kudingeke entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokunquma okunembile kokulimala kwesithwathwa. Ukuze kube nokwakhiwa okufanele kwehlathi, kuyisifiso sokushiya amagatsha angu-1/3.
In the spring entwasahlobo isivini ekugcineni zilungiswe.
Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
Uma amagilebhisi angaphathwa izifo nezinambuzane ekwindla, khona-ke uzoya ebusika nale "mthwalo". Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukunakekela impilo yehlathi.
Inketho yokwelashwa yamaqabunga engabizi kakhulu iyaphula ngesisombululo soda-saline.
Iresiphi yokupheka elula - 1 ibhakede elijwayelekile lamanzi wezipuni 10 kasawoti + wezipuni eziyi-5 zokudla soda.
Isixazululo esifudumele esivela enkampanini ye-sprayer sonke isihlahla, esukela emhlabathini phansi bese siphela phezulu komvini. Kubalulekile ukungaphuthelwa ephepheni elilodwa. Le nqubo yenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezintathu noma ezine ngo-15-20 ka-Okthoba.
Kuzo zonke izinzuzo ezindala ze-viticulture ezibhekiswe ekuhlaleni izihlahla isisombululo se-DNOC noma izidakamizwa "i-Nitrofen". Lapho uthengiswa ngeke uwathole, ngoba manje ayavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa komthetho.
Njengoba ukwelashwa kwemivini kusuka ekutheleleni ngezinhlamvu zefungi nesibuningi, njengamanje, abavinini bewayini basebenzisa ukuhlunga ngezisombululo zensimbi ne-sulfate yethusi. Kodwa okokuqala, isihlahla kumele sikulungele.
Ekuqaleni, izihlahla zomvini ezenziwe nge-autumn ziyasebenza. Ngemuva kwalokho, wonke umvini ubeke phansi bese ukhonjiwe.
Isixazululo esilungiselelwe sulfate esivumayo, isilinganiso esingu 400 g we powder ngalinye ngamaminithi ayi-10 l amanzi noma nesisombululo se-vitriol yethusi (100 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l).
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isixazululo se-sulfate kufanele sithuthukecishe ama-40-50 degrees.
Kuphela emva kokumiswa okuphelele kwesisombululo esihlahleni sehlathi kuzobe sekusemandleni ukuqhubekela phambili ekubambeni ebusika.
Ngokuvamile izivini ungabona amaqabunga anezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umvini waphathwa ngesisombululo se-liquid hydrated. Lolu hlobo lokuvikelwa luvame kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo ekulawuleni izinambuzane kanye nesibuningi ebusika, ngisho nangesikhathi sezintambo.
Ibhodi Yokupheka - Nciphisa i-1 kg ye-quicklime ema-3 amalitha amanzi futhi kuphela lapho inqubo yokucima iphela, umthamo we-liquid ophumelayo uhlelwe amalitha ayi-10. Ukumhlophe okutholakala kwacubungula wonke amaqabunga omvini. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo lwe-sprayer hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ibhulashi, i-whisk, ibhulashi.
Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kabusha yizilokazane zezihlahla eziviniwe, inhlabathi emkhatsini wemigqa kumele ibambe kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubusika kwezibungu kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane kubhujiswe, futhi ingozi yokusabalala kwesifo isinciphile.
Sithatha amagilebhisi kusuka efrijini
Uma ufuna isivini sihlupheke kancane ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka efrijini, kufanele sibe ne-insulated kahle. Izindlela zalokhu zihlukile - kusuka ekugqeni okulula ngokumboza, ukuphonsa isihlahla emhlabathini lonke ubude.
Kunamanye amagilebhisi angadingi izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuzivikela ngokumelene nesithwathwa, kodwa ikakhulukazi kuxhomeke esimweni sesimo sezulu esikukhulayo. Amaqhwa amakhulu angabhubhisa isivini.
Ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa okuphumelelayo kunazo zonke amagatsha epayipi namagatsha ase-spruce noma njengoba kubizwa, i-lapnik. Ngokuvikeleka okunjalo umoya uhamba kahle, ngoba yiziphi izinqubo zokuqeda nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingavuki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha ahlala egcina isithwathwa seqhwa, esakha indawo ekahle ebusika.
Isikhathi sokufudumala isihlahla ebusika siza ngokushesha emva kokudla nokusika umvini ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Uma sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuqala indawo yokuhlala, umvini ungonakaliswa - ngenxa yobanda, i-bark iba yindlala.
Ukusebenza ngamafomu wezithelo zamagilebhisi kwenziwa ngokucatshangelwa ukuthi ebusika umvini ungaba lula ukujula nokufafaza umhlaba ngaphandle kwengozi yokulimala. Ngezinye izikhathi isihlahla siboshwe, hhayi ukuguqa phansi, khona-ke singakunqunywa ngokweqile.
Ukupakisha i-polyethylene akusiyo kuphela engasebenzi, kodwa kungaba yingozi kumvini. Njengoba ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu kwehla ebusika, umswakama uqoqwe ngaphakathi esikhwameni, okuyinto enhle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesikhunta, izinhlamvu ze-fungi nezinye izifo. Lolu hlobo lokukhosela lulimaza kakhulu kunokuhle.
Ngifuna ukukholelwa ukuthi ngosizo lwesihloko sethu isivini sakho siyoba nempilo futhi sicele isivuno. Njengoba ubona, ukuhlakanipha okuncane kakhulu. Into esemqoka ukuphatha umsebenzi wakho ngomphefumulo nokugcina imigomo nemigomo ethile yokunakekelwa kwekwindla.
