I-autumn yisikhathi lapho ikhwalithi kanye nokwanela kwesitshalo sonyaka ozayo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke khona.
Uma uzinikela isikhathi sakho ekunakekeleni izihlahla zezithelo, ungangabazi; ehlobo uzobona umphumela wemisebenzi yakho nolwazi.
Ngakho-ke, ungabi nobuvila futhi ubeke konke okulandelayo.
Kungenxa ekwindla okudingekile ukuvikela ingadi ezifweni nasezinambuzane, kwanele ukutshala, ukugcoba nokumba umhlabathi, nokukhokha ngokukhethekile ukulungiselela ubusika.
Sizokukhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Okokuqala, ekwindla udinga ukunakekela ukuvikelwa kwezihlahla zezithelo. Ukuqala yonke imisebenzi kangcono uma amahlamvu ewa. Kodwa ungapheli ukuqinisa.
Imigomo yokulungiselela ixhomeke esimweni sezulu endaweni lapho isitshalo sitshalwe khona - ezindaweni ezisenyakatho lo mcimbi ungaqaliswa ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, naseningizimu - ngo-Okthoba. Ngoba, amalungiselelo okuphela kwebusika enyakatho, ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuthuthukisa isimo sensimu, kodwa ngisho nokuyichitha.
Ukuhlanza umuthi
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izihlahla ezimhlophe ziyisivikelo ezinambuzane ezinobungozi ezibeke izibungu zabo emagqabeni ebusika, kanye nezifo ezithile ze-fungal. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Emuva ngo-1887, kwaqaphela ukuthi lezi zihlahla zacwiliswa ngesisombululo se-lime, i-frosts ibekezeleleke kangcono kunomakhelwane abangaphumelelanga endaweni.
Abanini bezamasimu basebenzisa lolu phiko. Iyini imfihlo? Ukugqoka okunjalo kuyindawo yokuzivikela ekubhekaneni namanzi amakhulu okushisa ebusika, lapho ilanga lishisa phakathi nemini, kanti iqhwa liqala ukushisa ebusuku. Izihlahla ezingenalutho zigcwele ukuphahlazeka, okusebenza njengendawo yokuhlala enhle kakhulu yezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa lapha udinga ukwazi amanye ama-nuances.
Isibonelo, uma ukugcoba imifino emhlophe, i-lime esisombululo ingashintshwa yi-choki. Isixazululo kufanele kube mnandi futhi agcwaliswe, akufanele agubungele i-trunk kuphela, kodwa futhi namagatsha omzimba. Kukhona izinketho eziningana zokulungiselela isixazululo.
Okokuqala - isisombululo esishibhile futhi esilula - esenziwe ngezenzo. Ngoba kufanele kuthathe u-2 kg we-lime + 400g we-sulphate yethusi. Lezi zingxenye zichitheka ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi nge-addition of paste, ye-viscosity. Ungabuye wengeze u-1kg wobumba nomgodla wenkomo kulokhu okwakhiwe.
Ukuze izihlahla ezincane, unamathisele akufanele usetshenziswe, amagxolo awo ngeke akwazi ukuphefumula ngokusebenzisa umkhawulo wokunamathisela. Ukuze uthole izithombo, kungcono ukulungisa ingxube ye-lime (3kg), ubumba (1.5kg) kanye ne-mullein (1kg), echitheka emanzini kuze kube ukwanda kosawoti omuncu.
Okukhethwa kwesibili - Lena ingxube ethengwe esitolo, ehlanganisa nobumba kanye ne-lime. Kodwa-ke, lo mhlophe uvame ukuhlanzwa entwasahlobo, ngakho kudinga ukwelashwa kabusha kwensimu yonke. Ukwengezwa kwe-carbolic acid kunoma yisiphi isixazululo futhi kuzovikela izihlahla ekulimaleni ngamagundane namahabhu.
Ukuvikelwa kwensimu ngokumelene nezinambuzane
Insimu yasebusika yindawo yokubusika kwezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ezibeka izibungu zazo emagqabeni, amaqabunga awile, ezihlahleni zomqhele wesihlahla.
Isibonelo, isidleke encane ngesimo sesihlangu emagatsheni angama-apple inundu lapho kuneamaqanda angafika ku-80, ubuhlalu obuncane ngesimo sezindandatho egatsheni yizinzalo ze-silkworm, futhi amaqabunga owomile agcwele iwebhu emagatsheni angaba yisiphephelo esihle kakhulu izibungu ezincane ze-hawthorn ne-zlatoguzki.
Lena nje uhlu oluthile lwezinambuzane zasensimini, singaluvikela kanjani?
Okokuqala kuyadingeka ukususa yonke indawo kusuka emanzini amaningi kanye namahlamvu awile. Hlanza izihlahla ngamagxolo afile nge-brushes ensimbi. Kubalulekile ukwenza umhlabathi ojulile (15-20cm) ukumba ukubhubhisa ubusika bezinye izibungu.
Hlola ngokucophelela izihlahla zezithelo, kwezinye izindawo ongase udinge ngisho nekhanda elikhazimulayo. Hlanza iziqu zokubamba amabhande, lapho kugxila khona inani elikhulu lamakhokheni ama-moth. Sula zonke izimila nge-3 noma 5% ye-urea isisombululo. Vikela izihlahla ezinambuzane ezifana ne-aphid, i-lungwort, i-silkworm, i-leafworm iyasiza sishaye amalungiselelo "Buldok", "Intukuthelo", "Agravertini".
Kusukela ezifweni ezifana ne-coccomycosis kanye nezinye izindawo ezizokwehla zizovikela sishaye amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi: iron sulphate, ingxube yeBordeaux, i-oxychloride yethusi noma i-fungicides - i-Kuproksat, i-Topsin, i-Horus. Ukuqeda udoti nezithelo izithelo kuzosiza ukucubungula "Impact", "Strobe" noma "ijubane." Zonke izilonda, ukuphahlazeka kanye nezigodi emthini kumele ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-5% se-sulfate esivundiwe futhi sihlanganiswe nesamente.
Vikela ingadi kusuka kumagundane
Izinhlamvu kanye namagundane amancane kubangela umonakalo omkhulu ensimini, ikakhulukazi ezitsheni ezincane. Ukuvikela izihlahla kubo kuyadingeka gcwalisa isiqu izigqoko ezindala noma i-burlap nge-ruberoid. Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa ngisho ne-nylon yamashenysise yabesifazane ngale njongo. Akulungele ukuvikela amagatsha.
Eduzane nesisekelo, ukuvikelwa kufanele kube kuhle kwe-prikopat emhlabeni, ukuze igundane lingazange lihlehlise. Amagatsha wesihlahla sase-spruce noma i-pine afanelana kahle, ahlanganisa isiqu futhi agubungele isiyingi somzimba okolostvolny. Iphunga le-coriander elihlakazekile lisakaze phansi emthonjeni, liphinde lishaye izimpumputhe kahle.
Ukugubha ingadi nakho kuzogcina izihlahla ezivela emaqabunga ebusika. Futhi uma uphinde ugcobe umcengezi (njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla kulesi sihloko), khona-ke ingadi yakho ngeke isabe nokushisa ilanga kusuka emisebeni yasebusika.
Kumele wazi ukuthi uma usebenzisa izinto zokuphahla njengezinto zokufudumala, khona-ke kumele kube khona ungqimba lwe-burlap noma ama-rags phakathi kwawo namagxolo esihlahla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-sopreyet yesihlahla.
Ukusika izihlahla
Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo kufanele kuqale emva kokuphuma kwamahlamvu. Izinsuku zihluka endaweni yokutshala. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ungashiya lo mcimbi ngo-Okthoba, futhi enyakatho - awukwazi ukulibaziseka, ngakho ukunciphisa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma, nakakhulu, ukuhlehlisela kuze kube ngoMashi.
Uma kungenjalo, lesi sihlahla ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi. Lapho ukusika izihlahla, endaweni yesilonda, izinkuni ziyoma futhi ziqhwaza, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwesihlahla.
Ngakho-ke, siyaqhubeka nezici zale nqubo. Okokuqala susa amagatsha omile anesifo, okulandelwa yilabo abakha ukuqina okukhulu ngokweqile, bakhule ekuqondeni kwe-trunk, engxenyeni engafanele, ehlangene nomunye nomunye.
Imithi engakaqedwe iminyaka eminingi idinga ukuncibilika ngezigaba, ngaphezu kweminyaka eminingana, iqala ngamagatsha amakhulu kakhulu futhi iphela ngezincane, ezikhula ngokungavamile. Uma lesi sihlahla sibhekene nezihlahla ezinzima kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi asisethi izithelo noma zife.
Izitshalo ezincane azivumi ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa umqhele wezihlahla ezincane minyaka yonke, ubeka phansi ukuma kwawo nokukhula okufanele. Izihlahla ezindala, umcimbi uqhutshwa njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3 ukuthuthukisa ukujikelezwa komoya nokukhanya phakathi kwamagatsha, kanye nokuthola isivuno esikhulu nakakhulu.
Wonke amanxeba esihlahleni ngemuva kwamagatsha aqhelekile kufanele aphathwe nge-garden pitch ehlanganiswe nge-varnish noma ipende. Wonke amahlumela aphethwe futhi anqunywe kufanele ashiswe, ngoba angagcina izinhlamvu zezifo ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshala izithombo ze-apula ekwindla.
Ukudla izihlahla zegadi
Ukudla kwe-autumn idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kunezakhi zonyaka noma ehlobo. Njengoba ukuwa kwamandla omuthi ngaphambi kwe-fruiting ezayo, ukuzivikela kwakhe kuqiniswa futhi ukuqina kweqhwa kuyanda. Ukugqoka okuphezulu komsuka kusetshenziselwa kanye nomanyolo oyinhloko ngesikhathi kukhwama ekwindla yomhlabathi, esifundeni sesigungu esiseduzane, kungakapheli u-Okthoba.
Izihlahla ezincane, ezineminyaka engama-8 ubudala, ezingaba ngu-30 kg we-humus kuyodingeka, kanti nabantu abadala - cishe 50 kg. Ekubeni, izakhi ezifana ne-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, i-calcium, i-iron ne-magnesium zibaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa ukondla ama-manganese, i-boron, ithusi ne-cobalt, kungcono ukufeza ngobuningi obunciphile. Inketho ekahle kuyoba ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezithile ezingenayo inhlabathi. Kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka njalo futhi kulula, ngakho-ke kukhona imigomo eyisisekelo okufanele ilandelwe.
Isibonelo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-apula kanye nezihlahla ze-pear kudingekile ngomanyolo ophilayo ukuze wengeze 300 g we-superphosphate kanye no-200 g we-potassium sulfate emhlabathini. Lezi zakhi zithandwa kangcono ifomu eliketshezi ngokuphuza umjikelezo oseduze.
Ngokuba izihlahla ze-cherry nama-plum, ukugqoka okuphezulu kulungiselelwe kusuka ku-3 tbsp. superphosphate no-2 tbsp. i-potassium sulfate yahlakazwa ngo-10 l amanzi. Ukuze unikeze ngokwanele umuthi owodwa mayelana namabhakede amane alowo mkhiqizo. Ukuze inhlabathi enesihlabathi neyesihlabathi, izakhi ezengeziwe zokudla zidinga ukwedlula ubumba ne-loamy, ezinzima kakhulu.
Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi kusukela emhlabathini okhanyayo izakhamzimba eziwusizo zihlanjululwa kakhulu ngenhlanhla nangesikhathi sokunisela. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-fruiting, ingadi idinga ukondla okunamandla ekwindla. Ukugqoka phezulu ne-nitrogen kungcono ukuhlehliselwa entwasahlobo, ngoba ekwindla lesi sici sisiza ukuqinisa ukugeleza kwe-sap, okuyinto ephazamisa kakhulu ubusika bomuthi.
Ukuphuza izihlahla zegadi
Ukunisela kwe-autumn kuvunyelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezinemvula encane. Uma ngabe umuthi wawuthela kakhulu ehlobo nasekwindla, futhi kamuva wawusenamathele emhlabathini, lokhu kuholele ekusizeni, futhi emva kokuqhekeka kwamagxolo esiqu, ezindaweni zokuthungwa komswakama.
Akufanele likhohlwe ukuthi ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyingozi futhi, njengokusho kokungcola emhlabathini ngaphambi kobusika. Uma lesi sihlahla sinesidingo esikhulu sokuswakama, khona-ke inqubo yokuqina iyoba nzima nakakhulu, futhi isitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukumelana neqhwa ngokwanele.
Futhi okuningi ukuchelela ehlobo kuholela ekukhuleni okwandayo kwamahlumela, okukhula, okuya ku-2m, asinaso isikhathi sokubusika ukuze abe lukhuni futhi afe ngenxa yesithwathwa ebusika. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona umswakama ngokweqile, utshani wonyaka buhlwanyelwa, futhi ukulawulwa kokhula kumile, okuholela ekusimeni komhlabathi umswakama. Uma umswakama wesifunda sokutshala ingadi kuvamile, ukuchelela kokugcina kuyadingeka ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba.
Ukusakaza phansi izihlahla ngomhlabathi kuvunyelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezibandayo nezinhlobo zeqhwa, ngoba kuhlanganiswa nokuphuza lesi silinganiso kungalimaza umuthi ngaphezu kokuwuvikela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina amanzi ekwindla yokugcina kusiza ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande, luqede ukuthi kungenzeka ukushisa ukushisa kwelanga emagqumeni e-trunk namagatsha, futhi kunikeza inkathi ekhulayo ekhulayo, esikhundleni sokuqala kokunisela kwentwasahlobo. Ngenxa yakhe, uhlelo lwempande lomuthi luba namandla kakhulu, ngoba ebusika umuthi uhlunga umswakama kusuka ekujuleni kwe-0.5-2m ukusuka emhlabathini.
Asizange siphutha, ebusika izihlahla nazo zidinga umswakama. Ekudaleni isimiso sokunisela ekwindla kufanele futhi sicabangele ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba endaweni. Njengoba kudingekile ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ekujuleni okukhulu kunokwakheka kohlelo lwempande lomuthi ngokunisela ukushayela umswakama.
Nokho ayamukeleki ukuxhumana kwamanzi omhlabathi kanye nokunisela. Umthamo ojwayelekile wokunisela ngamanzi ungama-10-16 amabhakede wamanzi nge-1 sq.m. inhlabathi.
Uma inhlabathi engadini yakho inezinhlamvu ezijulile zamatshe, kanye nezendwangu zobumba, khona-ke ukuchelela kokugcina okudingekayo kuyadingeka kuphela phakathi neminyaka eyindlame eyomile, futhi ngokuvamile ayinamabhakede angaphezu kwamane nge-sq.
Ukumba umuthi
Ukulimala ekuwa kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ngeke kushintshwe entwasahlobo, njengoba izakhamuzi zasehlobo ezingenalwazi zivame ukucabanga. Ngenxa yokukhululeka, inhlabathi iyakhiwa nge-oksijeni, izibungu namaqanda ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezifa ngesikhathi sasebusika, izimpande nembewu yokhula zidilizwa.
Akunconywa ukuthi aphule ama-clumps amakhulu omhlaba uma emba, kungenjalo kuyoholela ekuqandeni kanye nokushisa kwezulu emhlabathini kusayithi. Futhi, ungenzi okwesikhashana ukumba indawo ngeqhwa. Lokhu kuzoholela ekufudumeni kancane entwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile ukuqedela yonke imisebenzi yokumba nokumba ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-Okthoba. Akufanele likhohlwe ukuthi ezincane ezineminyaka elilodwa ubudala, ukumba akufanele kwenziwe ngokujulile okukhulu ukuze kungalimazi izimpande.
Futhi ngekwindla ehlelekile, kutholakala ubufakazi bokuthi umuthi we-apula unenqwaba yezimpande kwi-stock stock ngaphakathi kwendawo engama-20-60 cm, emgqeni we-plum esihlahleni se-clone, nasemthini we-cherry - ekugcineni kwe-20-40 cm. Emzileni wesiqu se-sea buckthorn, ukumba kungenziwa ngokukhulula ngokucophelela i-rake kuze kufike cishe ku-7 cm, kuyilapho uqaphela ukuthi ungathinti izimpande.
Uma uthathe ifosholo, kumele ibekwe ngophahla elibheke esihlahleni somuthi wesithelo. Uma ingadi ingatholakali ohlelweni oluhlelekile, uhlelo lwempande ludonsela phezulu, oludala ingozi yokulimala nokuqhwaba ebusika.
Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni umuthi uyobe ungenayo indlela ephawulekayo yokuthola ukudla okunomsoco kanye nomswakama, futhi izindawo zokulimala ezivulekile ezimpandeni ziyoba indawo yokungena kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo nezifo. Futhi cabanga ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi engadini yakho. Umhlabathi okhanyayo, ongenalutho, otshalwayo udinga ukukhululeka kuphela, futhi ubumba obunzima - udinga ukumba ngokujulile.
Amaqabunga afile
Kukhona Izinketho ezimbili zokubhekana namahlamvu afile ensimini. Abanye balimi bakholelwa ukuthi akukho okumele kwenziwe ngakho, ngoba akekho owakhipha amaqabunga endle, awela ngenqubo yemvelo futhi akhonze njengomanyolo omuhle esikhathini esizayo.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amaqabunga awile ayingozi enkulu yokutheleleka ngezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane, ngoba kukhona lapho izimpungushe namaqanda ezinambuzane ezingaphezu kwamagciwane nezifo ezihlala khona zingase zihlale, ngakho kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zishiswe. Zombili zilungile.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani namaqabunga awile, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi isayithi lakho lalinesifo yini noma yiziphi izifo nezinambuzane. Ngisho noma kunjalo, bese uqoqa amahlamvu emasakeni, awuyikuvumela ukuba iphoqe, futhi zonke izinambuzane ezibangelwa isifo zizofa ngenxa yesithwathwa. Ngentwasahlobo, la mahlamvu kufanele afakwe emgqonyeni ngokubola.
Le nqubo ingasheshiswa ngokuklaba ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokunisela ngamagciwane amancane enza iqhaza ekwakheni ama-humus. Uma izihlahla zakho ziphilile ngokuphelele, amahlamvu aqoqwe angaba yindawo yokukhosela enhle kakhulu emakhazeni emithini yezihlahla, futhi emva kwalokho, ukugqoka okuhle kakhulu kwenhlabathi. Lapho kukhona inqwaba yezinambuzane nezifo, kungcono ukungasebenzisi amaqabunga awilekile, kodwa ukugoqa nokushisa.
