Abafuduki bokuqala, sebefikile ukuthuthukisa iSiberia, bazama ngokuphumelelayo ukukhulisa leli pheya. Iphutha labo kwakuyizinhlobo zeYurophu ukuthi abalimi abasha ababezama ukukhula ezimweni ezinzima zezulu babengeke bakwazi ukubekezelela ubusika obandayo balawo ndawo.
Kodwa amapheya angakhula ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esinzima saseSiberia. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga kuphela ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele ezingasinda eSiberia.
Okufanele kunazo zonke yizinto ezilandelayo: "Severyanka", "Autumn Yakovlev", "Izintandokazi", "Memory of Yakovlev", "Autumn Dream", "Svetlyanka", "Taiga", "Lukashevka", "Inkolelo". Ngokuqhubekayo sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo ezithile.
Izikhonkwane ezihlukahlukene "Northerner"
Isihlahla, njengombuso, sikhula sikhulu. Umqhele kaningi awunzima, ububanzi, ubujamo be-pyramidal. Amagxolo ashelelezi, aphuzi embala. Ugijima amapheya alokhu okuhlukahlukene akuwona obunzima kakhulu, umbala obala obala. Amaqabunga anejamo elincane eligobile ngezimiso ezikhonjiwe kanye nezisekelo ezizungezile. Flowers Severyanka white, inflorescences zitholakala izingcezu 4-6.
Izithelo, eliphakathi kwe-Northerner, liletha encaneUbujamo buyi-truncated-conical. Uma sesivuthiwe, isithelo siba ngumbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi, kancane kancane sibaphuzi futhi sitholakale sihlwitha. I-Northerner ine ukunambitheka okunomsoco omnandi, i-pulp enomsoco we-medium mass. Izithelo zivuthwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlanganisa ubukhulu obukhulu bemithi, isivuno esikhulu, hardiness ebusika, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwezithelo, kanye nokuzivikela kocingo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinezinselele: ukwanda okukhulu kwesitshalo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezithelo, okuholela ekubukeni kwamapheya amancane nokunciphisa ukunambitha. Ukucabangela ukungalungi, i-Northerner ingasetshenziswa kakhulu ngabalimi, kepha kuhle ukuzalisa izinhlobo ezintsha.
Iphakathi kwe "Autumn Yakovlev"
Izihlahla izinhlobo Autumn Yakovleva sikhule ngokushesha futhi sikhule. Umqhele ojikelezayo ubambelela kancane emaceleni amagatsha, amagatsha emasipha agxiliwe ngokuqinile. Amahlumela avame ukugoba futhi abe ne-lentils encane. Amaqabunga akhula phezulu, abe nefomu elimise emgqeni kanye nomkhawulo we-serrate.
Amapheya avela emagodini ezithelo kanye ne-kolchatka. Izithelo zikhula luhlobo olubanzi lwemibala ephuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlangene olubomvu. Isisindo samapheya ngesilinganiso - 250 amagremu. Ukunambitha isithelo kunesisa, kunalokho kunamanzi futhi kumnandi. Izithelo zokuvuna ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla zakuqala. Isivuno sesilinganiso esisodwa somuthi singama-30-35 kg wamapheya. Ezimweni ezibandayo, izithelo zingagcinwa kuze kuJanuwari.
Watshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo enhlabathini e-loamy, elula. Kungcono ukwehla entwasahlobo, noma inyanga ngaphambi kwamaqhwa ekwindla, engeza i-peat, umquba. Izithombo kudingeka ziphuze njalo, futhi ngonyaka wokuqala awukwazi ukutshala. Umuthi omdala awudingi ukuchelela njalo, ngoba awubekezeli umswakama owedlulele. Iphayari inikeza imiphumela emihle emhlabathini onomsoco, ohlongoziwe.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalolu hlobo - ukudluliswa okuhle kwesomiso, isithwathwa kanye nokunambitheka okumangalisayo kwesithelo. Ukungalungi ukuphikiswa okuphansi kwesibalo kanye nobukhulu obukhulu bezihlahla.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo "I-Autumn Dream"
Imithi ikhula encane, ibe ne-pyramidal, umqhele omncane. Amahlumela angaphakathi obukhulu, aphihliwe kancane, aphuzi ngombala. Amaqabunga aluhlaza, oblong, obukhanyayo obuhlaza, ipuleti igobile kancane nge-edge ye-serrate.
Izithelo zikhula kancane, hhayi umfaniswano omkhulu, unomumo ohlangene. Umbala oyinhloko wezithelo ezivuthiwe uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwenziwa ngcono futhi uthola ukubonakala kwesikhumba esincane. Izithelo zilula, zinamanzi, ziphakathi phakathi kwabantu, zinomusa omuhle futhi omuncu, oqabulayo. Phuma eduze kwasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Uma ulandela izimo zokugcina (0-1C), izithelo zingagcinwa izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Abalimi bezitshalo babonisa izinzuzo ezinjalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo: izihlahla ezincane, ukuzivikela komzimba, izithelo ezibhekiswe kwisitoreji eside. Ukungalungi akusibi kakhulu - banokubukeka okungathandeki.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngezinhlobo zama-pear ze-Urals.
Mayelana ezihlukahlukene "Svetlyanka"
Izihlahla ezivuthiwe ziyingayizi ephakathi futhi zinezitshalo ezincane, hhayi umcibisholo obunzima kakhulu we-pyramidal. Amahlumela alungile akhula ubukhulu obuphakathi, obuncane obomvu nombala, ngenani elikhulu lamalenti. Amaqabunga e-Svetlyanka ayingayizi ephakathi, i-oval in shape, ekhomba kancane nge-edge ye-serrate.
Izithelo zikhula ubukhulu obuphakathi, cishe amagremu angu-90-120. Amapheya anesimo esivamile, esiyindilinga, isikhumba sibushelelekile. Umbala oyinhloko wezithelo ezivuthiwe uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo zinejubane elijulile nelisemkhatsini, elibi kakhulu. Inyama yalezi peyari i-creamy, ithenda kanye namanzi. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba futhi kungagcinwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-90.
Inzuzo engenakulinganiswa ukuqina okuhle kwebusika nokuzivikela okuphezulu kwezifo, kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kwamapheya. Ukungahambi kahle yizithelo ezibangelwa ukuqina komqhele futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukubola kwezithelo ngabanye ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside.
I-sor litter "Inganekwane"
Izihlahla Izinhlobo zamanga zingakhula kokubili futhi eziphezulu. Khula ngokushesha futhi ube nomqhele wobuningi obuphakathi kanye nomumo omncane we-pyramidal. Amagatsha ahlangene. Amahlumela asayizi obukhulu, obomvu ngombala.
Amaqabunga, njengombuso, aphakathi, alula kakhulu futhi ahlotshaniswa kancane, umbala wabo uhlaza, awunayo i-pubescence, kodwa kukhanya okuphambene nalokho. Ishidi linomkhawulo we-serrate futhi ligobile kancane kuya phansi. Izimbali ezinamafutha ovungu zikhula phakathi ngobukhulu.
Izithelo Myth ezincane usayizi. Isikhumba sabo sinobunzima, umbala, umbala ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka. Isiqephu salesi peyari ngokuvamile siyisikhathi eside futhi sinamaphiko, umgodi wezithelo uncane, ubuciko obukhulu. Inyama yesithelo imnandi kakhulu, i-cream-colored. Ukuvuthwa kwezitshalo ekupheleni kukaSeptemba futhi kungagcinwa kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kwezingu-90.
Amandla ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene abiza ubunzima bebusika futhi, of course, ukunambitheka okuhle futhi ukumelana isikhumba.
Okuncane mayelana nebanga "Uralochka"
Izinhlobo zemithi i-Uralochka ingafinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ukuphakama. Amagatsha akhula ngokuqondile, umqhele awunzima. Amagxolo, ezimweni eziningi, grey. Amahlumela aphakathi, ahlukaniswe kancane futhi ahlanganiswe. Amaqabunga ahamba nge-elliptical eluhlaza, ekhanyayo futhi ebushelelezi.
Izithelo encane kakhulu - cishe amagremu angu-45. Isikhumba sinzima futhi sincane kakhulu. Uma sesivuthiwe, izithelo ziba ophuzi lwegolide. Isiqu sayizibukhulu obuphakathi, siphenduke kancane futhi siqala emngceleni omncane. Inyama enhle futhi enomuncu futhi enamanzi ngokwanele. Inkolelo-mbumbulu ehlukahlukene iphela ekwindla kanye nasezivuthweni ngoSepthemba 15-25. Ukuphila kweShelf akuyona isikhathi eside - kufika ezinsukwini ezingu-30.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobo zezilimi zicabange: high hardiness ubusika, ukumelana nokukhwabanisa, izinga eliphezulu lokuphikisa izimbali ebusuku. Ukukhiqizwa kubonakala ngokuhluma nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Ussuri pear. Ukudubula kwenziwa ikakhulukazi emithini encane, futhi kwenziwa ngenhloso ehlelekile. Ukusika izihlahla kudala emithini yabantu abadala ukuze kuvuselelwe.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene "Dekabrinka"
Ubukhulu bezihlahla ze-Decakrinka zingafinyelela kumamitha amahlanu. Amagatsha akhula aphikisiwe, adala umqhele omisiwe, oqinile. Amahlumela, usayizi ophakathikhula ngokuqondile. Amaqabunga avulekile, kodwa amancane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokukhanya. Ipuleti leqabunga ligoqa phezulu.
Izithelo Dekabrinkki isilinganiso, zingafinyelela 90-120 amagremu. Amapheya asesimweni esifanele, babe ne-surface ebushelelezi. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, isithelo siba mnyama okwesibhakabhaka. I-stalk ende iphuma emngceleni omncane, owenziwe kancane.
Izithelo zinamanzi, anepulp omuncu omhlophe omhlophe, abe nephunga elimnandi. Izithelo zivuthwe ekupheleni kweyeshumi leshumi lwenyanga yokuqala yokukwindla. Ukuphila kweShelf kungahluka ezinyangeni ezilodwa kuya kwezintathu.
I-Decabrinka eyahlukahluka ibekezelela ubusikaukumelana nokukhwehlela, ukumelana nama-pearite, okukhiqiza okuzinzile futhi okuphakeme kakhulu. Okuthakazelisayo ukunambitheka kwesithelo - izinzuzo ezingenakuphika ezihlukahlukene zeDarinka.
Ezihlukahlukene zamapheya "Fairy"
"Izihlahla" ezinhle "zikhula kakhulu. Amagatsha alungile akha umqhele omnene womumo omncane we-pyramidal. Amahlumela akhula medium phakathi ubude, obomvu obomvu umbala nge amafihle amancane nxazonke.
Amaqabunga amancane akhula i-oblong, i-short-pointed, eluhlaza okombala obala, enobuso obushelelezi, obungenaswele. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zingafinyelela ku-180-250 g, okufanayo, ifomu elifanele.
Nge pear yokuvuthwa, ukuhlukahluka kwe-Fairytale kuba umbala ophuzi ophuzi. Izithelo ngamapulp aphakathi nendawo amhlophe, amathenda futhi anomsoco. Ukunambitheka okumnandi kwamapheya kune-flavour epholile.
Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ekupheleni kwehlobo. Ukuphila kweShelf akudluli izinsuku eziyishumi. Ngakho-ke, ezihlukahlukene ze-fairytale, ezimweni eziningi, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-compote noma ijusi.
I-Tall Fairy tale ibhekwa njengento engalungile, kodwa leli peyari linamathuba amaningi kakhulu: yiqiniso, kungcono kakhulu ubusika obunzima, ukuzivikela kocingo kanye ne-pear mite, kanye nezithelo ezinkulu ezihlwabusayo.
Izinhlobo zePear "Svarog"
Izihlahla ze-Svarog ziyingayizi ephakathi futhi zibe nomqhele okhululekile. Ukudubula kuguqa phansi. Amaqabunga amancane e-elliptical shape aphikisana phezulu phezulu. Umbala we-Leaf uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kancane ubuchotshoziwe futhi bunomsindo.
Izithelo zincane, ububanzi obuphakathi kwe-pear, isisindo esilinganisweni singama-80 amagremu. Ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni, izithelo ziphenduka ophuzi futhi zibe nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Inhlobonhlobo inyama enemibala yesikhilimu inomnandi, ujusi, ukunambitheka okumuncu. Ungakwazi ukuqoqa izithelo ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Emazingeni okushisa amahle, amapheya angagcinwa izinsuku ezingu-90.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ubusika futhi imelana ne-fungi, kodwa iyakhathazeka isomiso.
Izici zokukhula nokunakekelwa kwamapheya eSiberia
Ngemva kokucubungula izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo ezingakhula ezimweni zesimo sezulu esinzima saseSiberia, sibona ukuthi ukulima kwamapheya eSiberia kusengenzeka. Ekugcineni, ngokucaphuna phezulu, sizonikeza amanye amathiphu azosiza ukuthuthukisa izimo zokukhula kwamapheya endaweni yesimo sezulu saseSiberia.
Iphakathi kweyitshalo elinothando lokushisa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhula ezindaweni ezivikelwe kahle. Indawo ekhethiwe kufanele ibe lula, ngoba emthunzini wepear amagatsha amancane omqhele azofa futhi isivuno siyancipha.
Izinhlobo ze-peyria zaseSiberia zidinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi kubalulekile namapheya, okufanele kakhulu - i-chernozem, i-meadow chernozem, ihlathi elimpunga nesifuba.
Ngaphambi kokutshala amapheya, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi. Ukwethulwa kwamaminerali amaminerali nama-organic kuyadingeka. Kungcono ukutshala izithombo ngesikhathi sokuphela kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Umgodi wokutshala kufanele ube ngu-80-100cm ububanzi futhi u-60-80cm ubude. Intamo yentambo yomuthi kufanele ihambe ngo-4-5 cm ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngesikhathi uhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini, kufanele wengeze ngamakhilogremu angu-8 womanyolo ophilayo.
Izitshalo ezincane zidinga izihlahla zokubunjwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa okulandelayo komqhele. Entwasahlobo, amapheya adinga ukunqunywa komqhele ukususa amahlumela okweqile. Ukuze uvikele emelene namagundane nokushisa kwelanga, i-trunk namagatsha amachibi ziboshwe ngezinto ezifakiwe. Futhi, ukuvikela itafula kusuka ezinambuzaneni, i-lime mortar isetshenziswa kuso.
Ebusika, ukuphakama okungeziwe kuyadingeka hhayi kuphela umhlaba, kodwa futhi ngeqhwa, ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa.
Uma ulandela yonke le mithetho elula yokunakekela umuthi we-pear, ngokuqinisekile uzokubonga ngokuvunwa okuhle.
