Isihlahla selamula - ukukhula, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe

Isihlahla sikalamula (i-Citrus limon) - isitshalo esihlala sihlala njalo somndeni wozalo lwezithelo zezithelo zosithelo nezithelo ezidliwayo - ulamula. Luphawulwa ngamaqabunga aminyene, anesikhumba, asuka ku-10-12 cm ngosayizi, nezimbali ezimhlophe, zinombala ogqamile opinki wangaphandle, okufaka iphunga elicwengekile kalamula.

Izwe laseLemon liyiziqhingi ezishisayo zoLwandlekazi iPacific, iMexico, India, kanye namazwe aseNingizimu neCentral Asia. Umahluko okhula endle, awukho emvelweni, ngoba uyi-hybrid engahleliwe, eyakheka isikhathi eside njengohlobo oluhlukile.

Umuthi ohlala isikhathi eside okungukuthi, ngokunakekelwa okufanele ezimeni zamakamelo, ungahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-40. Eminyakeni yokuqala, ikhula kakhulu, ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-800-1500 cm ngokukhula ekhaya, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-8 ezimweni zemvelo.

Uma uthanda ukutshala izitshalo zezithelo ekhaya, bese ubona ukuthi ungatshala kanjani isihlahla sekofi ekhaya.

Izici eziwusizo

Indawo yokugcina izinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziselwa ukupheka nokwenza imisebenzi yezokwelapha. Amafutha ama-lemoni abalulekile kwi-bactericidal kanye ne-ejenti yokupholisa amanxeba. Iyeka ukopha, isuse ikhanda, ibe nomphumela omuhle ku-psyche, isuse izinkinga zesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo oyela usetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezimonyo, amakha, imithi.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

Kulula ukukhulisa isihlahla sikalamula ekhaya, uma nje kugcinwa imibandela elandelayo:

Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla sikalamusi ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Izimbali

Njengomthetho, ukuqhakaza ulamula wangaphakathi kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza izimbali ezinhle ezimhlophe, okungenani ezingama-5-7 igatsha ngalinye.

Izimbali ezimajikijolo zakhiwa izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi ngalesi sikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umuthi usegumbini elipholile elinokushisa okungekho ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-15.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izithelo zezithelo zomdumo zithathwa njengezitshalo ezenzelwe ukuzitholela impova, kunconywa ukuzisiza kulokhu, okuwukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile ukudlulisa impova ngokucophelela kusuka ekuqineni kwamanye ama-inflorescence kuya emaphayipini abanye. Ungase futhi unqamule impova uma indlu iqukethe uhlobo oluhlukile lukawolintshi.

Iphuzu elibalulekile ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ungakuvumeli ukuqhakaza kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokwenza buthaka impilo imbali futhi kungaholela ekufeni kusenesikhathi. Ukuqhakaza okuvelayo kuqhekeka kuze kube yilapho isihlahla simbozwe ngamaqabunga ngesilinganiso sezingcezu ezingama-20.

Imodi yokushisa

Isihlahla sikalamula esenziwe ekhaya asithandi ukuguquguquka okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa. Isibonelo, uma lonke ihlobo nasekwindla isitshalo sihlala kuvulandi, kwi-loggia noma emoyeni ovulekile - ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukuhambisa ngamandla ukuya egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ka + 20-22 kungaba yiphutha. Kulokhu, ngisho nembali enempilo ethela izithelo kungekudala izothela amaqabunga awo nezithelo.

Inketho enhle ukubeka lesi sitshalo endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa ayi-10-13 kude nezinhlelo zokushisa nokuhlaka ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala.

Ukufafaza

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngokuthuthukiswa kolamula, kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga lomswakama egumbini lapho imbali itholakala khona. Inani elincane le-60-70% kumele ligcinwe ebusika nasehlobo ngosizo lomoya abakhethekile okhunye, noma ngokusebenzisa ukufafaza ngokhuni njalo. Ukwenza lokhu, thatha amanzi athambileko avikelekile, anemvula, noma ancibilike. Ezikhathini ezomile nezishisayo, ukufafaza kwenziwa kathathu ngosuku.

Isibani

Isithombo sesihlahla sikalamula ekhaya sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga.

Ehlobo, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhula imbali emgwaqweni, kufanele ivikelwe emisebeni evuthayo yasemini. Ebusika, ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo, ukukhanya kwansuku zonke ngamalambu we-fluorescent kufanele kuhlelwe, okungenani amahora angama-5-6.

Ukuba mude kakhulu emthunzini wesihlahla kusongela ukukhula kancane, ukunquma amaqabunga kanye namahlumela.

Ukunisela

Ukuchelela ejwayelekile onekhono - isiqinisekiso sokukhula ngempumelelo kanye nokwenza izithelo.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokunisela ulamula:

• amanzi asetshenzisiwe enziwe afudumele kunamazinga okushisa ekamelo ngamadigri amathathu, umehluko obaluleke ngokwengeziwe uzodala ukucindezela kwesitshalo;
• ulamula ebhodweni oluncane 'lunganiselwa' ngomswakama ngokubeka imbali ngokuphelele esitsheni samanzi. Lapho nje kuphuma amabhamuza omoya - isitshalo kufanele sikhishwe, sivunyelwe ukudonsa futhi sibeke ephaketheni;
• lapho unisela ngqo ebhodweni - kubalulekile ukunisela emaphethelweni ebhodwe ukumanzisa uhlelo lwezimpande nasezindongeni zesitsha;
• Ihora elilodwa ngemuva kokuthambisa inhlabathi, amanzi ageleza epanini kufanele akhishwe.

Imbiza

Kukhethwa imbiza yezimbali ngokuya ngosayizi nobudala besitshalo. Kulula kakhudlwana ukutshala izihlahla ezincane ezitsheni ezincane, uziguqulele izimbiza endaweni yokufakelwa ngakunye, ezingaba cm 2 ububanzi.Izitshalo zasendulo zitshalwa emacandeni amakhulu ezimbali, kepha khumbula ukuthi iziqukathi ezijulile kakhulu imbali zandisa ubungozi bokubuna kwezimpande kanye nokuqina kwenhlabathi.

Inhlabathi

I-lemoni ekhaya idinga inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi, enezinwele, egcwele izakhamzimba. Ngaphezu kwenhlabathi yendawo yonke yezithelo zomawolintshi, ungasebenzisa ingxube yokuzilungiselela ngokuhlanganisa inhlabathi yamaqabunga noma yensimu (izingxenye 2), i-turf efakwe nge-lime noma ngomlotha wezinkuni (1 inxenye), isihlabathi (1 inxenye), inhlabathi ye-peat (1 ingxenye). Isihlabathi sivame ukushintshwa ngama-substrates wokufakelwa - i-perlite noma i-vermiculite. Ukwakha ungqimba lwamanzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa ubumba olwandisiwe.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Inhlabathi yelamula iyacetshiswa kanye njalo emavikini amabili, kuguqulwa izithasiselo zamaminerali ngomanyolo we-organic. Lezi zokugcina, njengomthetho, womanyolo ngokusekelwe kumanyolo, ezidingekayo ngenani le-1/10 yomthamo wenhlabathi ophelele. Ngaphezu kwendaba yomhlaba, umhlaba ucebiswa ngamakhompiyutha anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kumiswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokushisa kwembali.

Ukudonswa kolamula

Ukufakelwa njalo kwesihlahla sikalamula ngeke kusize kuphela ukusheshisa ijubane lokukhula kwayo, kepha futhi kuxazulula izinkinga ezinjengokubuna nokuntuleka kwezimbali.

Ukudlulisa kuzoba usizo ezitshalweni ezisanda kutholwa, kanye nezihlahla ezinezifo ezahlukahlukene nokulimala. Ukubuyisela umhlabathi esikhundleni selungaqala ngoFebhuwari - ngokushesha ngemuva kwenkathi yokuphumula nangaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokukhula.

Ukufakelwa ehlobo nakho kungenzeka. Kwenziwa phakathi kwezikhathi zokukhula, ngenkathi kugcinwa inqwaba yobumba. Lapho kukhona izimuncagazi noma ukhunta - izimpande zibulawa magciwane ngaphambi kokutshala, ezitshalwe endaweni esemanzi elungisiwe futhi zinisele ngakusasa.

Isikhathi esibucayi ngemuva kokufakelwa kungahlala izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ungatshala kanjani?

Umuthi weLemon udinga ukuthenwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Akubaluleki kuphela ekwakhiweni komqhele omuhle obukhulu, kepha futhi kunomthelela ekwandiseni izithelo.

Ukuthenwa kwelamula kwenziwa emacaleni alandelayo:

• ukuvuselelwa kwesihlahla;
• ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha aphansi kuyadingeka;
• isidingo sesivuthiwe sokunciphisa umqhele;
• ukususwa kwama inflorescence ngokweqile nezithelo ukugwema ukulayisha ngokweqile isitshalo.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokulungisa isihlahla sikalamula esingaphakathi ifana nemigomo yokunakekela izilimo zezithelo. Kwisitshalo esisezincane, wonke amahlumela aqonde phezulu asuswa, isiqu sinqunywa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-20 ukuze kube nama-buds ambalwa athuthukisiwe lapho amagatsha asebusweni athuthukisa khona kamuva Ngonyaka olandelayo, kugawulwa amagatsha akhulayo, futhi uma kunesidingo, inqubo yoqhekeko yenziwa - lokhu kususwa kwehlumela lokuthuthuka ngokungabikhona kokukhula kwabanye. Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka, esikhundleni sokuthena, amahlumela apical angabhincwa.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Ukunakekela isihlahla sikalamula ekhaya kusho futhi isikhathi sokuphumula esiyimpoqo sezithelo zamawolintshi. Ukushisa ubusika emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuvumela isitshalo ukuba siqhakaze ngokugcwele futhi sithele izithelo ngezikhathi zokukhula okusebenzayo. Ukulungiselela isihlahla, izimbali nez amahlumela kuphela ezakhiwe okufanele zisuswe kuwo.

Uma isitshalo esinamahlamvu acebile futhi akheke kahle, khona-ke kuzo zonke izinyanga ezintathu singafakwa ngokuphepha emakamelweni apholile amnyama ngokushisa okungekho okuphezulu kune-degrees ayi-12. Ukunisela kuncane, kepha ukomisa inhlabathi akufanele kuvunyelwe.

Uma umoya womile kakhulu egumbini lasebusika, ulamula kufanele ufafazwe kaningana ngeviki. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi esomile, kancane kancane isihlahla selamula sibuyiselwa endaweni efudumele futhi elikhanyayo, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo kungafakwanga, futhi umoya ungama-degrees ambalwa nje ofudumele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinguquko ezibukhali ezimweni zokuboshwa zizobangela ukucabanga kwembali, okuzothinta kabi ukukhula kwayo.

Ngingahamba ngingahambi eholidini?

I-lemoni isho izitshalo ezidinga i-hydration ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ushiya iholide, umuthi kufanele ulungiselelwe ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo okulandelayo:

• izimbali zokuhluma;
• amahlamvu aminyene
• hlela kabusha ipakethe lezimbali kusuka efasiteleni kuya phansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe kalula;
• beka imbiza nalesi sitshalo epanini elikhulu noma kubheseni ngobumba olunwetshiwe ngesendlalelo esingu-5 cm esigcwele amanzi. Imivimbo ephakathi kwembiza netiye nayo igcwaliswa ngobumba obunwetshiwe noma iminyuzi emanzi.

Izinyathelo ezinjalo zizosiza imbali ukuthi ilondoloze amandla nangemva kokubuya komsingathi ukuqhubeka nokukhula okusebenzayo.

Kungani ulamula ungatheli izithelo?

Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi isihlahla sikalamula siqhume kakhulu, kepha ngokushesha ama-ovari awile, futhi azikho izithelo. Isizathu kungaba izizathu eziningana:

1. Ukungcola akwenzekanga. Ukuqeda le nkinga ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ungahambisa impova ngokucophelela usebenzisa ibhulashi noma ukotini.
2. Lesi sitshalo sithinteka izinambuzane. Ngisho nephesenti elincane lokutheleleka lithinta ukukhula nokukhula kwezimbali.
3. Asikho isikhathi sokuthula. Umuthi awunaso isikhathi sokuphinda uthole amandla.
4. Ukuqhakaza okuningi. Inani elifanele lezimbali yi-1 bud ngamaqabunga ayi-10.
5. Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. Kudingeka okondlayo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukuzala

Ukukhula isihlahla sikalamula kusuka etsheni

Ukutshala ulamula usebenzisa imbewu, kuyafaneleka ukuthi uthathe okungenani imbewu eyi-10 ofakwe amahora angama-24 kusisombululo ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezithombo (i-sodium gummat, epin, njll.) Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu ibekwa enhlanganisweni evulekile ye-humus, enesihlabathi esinamaqabunga kanye ne-turf, ingxenye eyodwa ngayinye. Amathambo abekwa ekujuleni okungaba ngu-1.5-2 cm. Ukuhluma kwamahlumela akwenzeki maduze - cishe enyangeni yesithathu kuya kweyesihlanu ngemuva kokutshala. Amahlumela anamandla adluliselwa ebhodweni elihlala njalo. Ngale ndlela yokuzalanisa, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi umuthi onjalo ngeke uthele izithelo ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-5-8.

Ukusakazwa kwesihlahla sikalamula ngokusika

I-lemoni etshalwe kusuka ku-cuttings iletha isivuno phambilini. Ngale ndlela, ukuze kutshalwe, amahlumela anqunywa ubude obungu-8-10 cm kusuka esihlahleni esivele sithebeni ekugcineni komjikelezo wokukhula. Futhi, ihlumela le-cutaway kufanele liguquleke impela, libe lukhuni, libe namaqabunga ama-3-4. Ukuze usheshise inqubo, ukusika okulungiselelwe kufakwe endaweni yesisombululo segesi sokukhula okungenani amahora ayi-10. Ngemuva kwalokho amahlumela atshalwa engxube yenhlabathi, enezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-sphagnum, isihlabathi, i-turf kanye nenhlabathi enamaqabunga, noma enhlabathini ekhethekile yezithelo ze-citrus.

Izimo ezintofontofo kakhulu zozimpande eziyimpumelelo ze-cutways:

• lokushisa lasekamelweni 23-25 ​​degrees;
• izimo zokugcina ukushisa - ukumboza amahlumela ngesikhwama sepulasitiki noma nge-cap esobala;
• airing ejwayelekile;
• ukukhanya kwelanga okuthambile, amawindi asempumalanga;
• hydration ngesikhathi.

Ngemuva kokufaka izimpande, akudingekile ukushintsha ngokuqinile isimo sokukhula, i-cap ye-greenhouse i-ajar kancane kancane - okokuqala ngehora, bese kuba isigamu sosuku. Ungayisusa ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Sibala izinkinga ezinkulu ezingahlangabezana nazo lapho kukhula ulamula:

• Amaqabunga aphuzi umuthi kalamula ngokuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo ezifana ne-iron ne-magnesium.
• Amahlamvu kanye nemiqumbe eweni ngenxa yokushoda noma umswakama ngokweqile.
• Amahlumela amasha mncane ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanyisa nezakhi zomzimba.
• Amathiphu amaqabunga ansundu ezimweni zomoya owomile nangokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile.

Kungani umuthi kalamula? Ungavuselela kanjani?

Imbangela ejwayelekile yokuqothulwa kwesihlahla yizifo zohlelo lwezimpande ezibangelwa ukuvela kwesikhunta, inhlabathi engondli kahle, noma ukuthambisa kanzima. Esimweni sokuqala, izimpande kufanele ziphathwe nge-fungicides, zisike izindawo ezilimele bese zimboza ngamalahle. Uzodinga nokufakelwa kolamula enhlabathini enempilo kakhudlwana.

Uma isizathu sokumiswa kwakungeyona isikhunta noma ukubola kwezimpande, khona-ke lesi sitshalo asinawo nje umsoco owanele wekhwalithi. Umbuso wokunisela kufanele ube njengokuvimbela ukoma ngokuphelele ngaphandle komhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umswakama okweqile awuqongeleli epanini.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, izinambuzane zingadala ukuba imbali ibune - umkhaza, i-nematode yezithelo, i-aphid, i-mealybug, nesibazi.

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zesihlahla sikalamusi eyenziwe ekhaya ngezithombe namagama

I-Panderosis

Isihlahla sikalamula esi-hybrid, esivela ekukhetheni i-pomelo, i-citron ne-kalamula. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene okufushane ngaphandle kwameva, okumelana kakhulu nezimo eziguqukayo.

E-Kiev

Uhlobo lalamula oluvumelaniswa kakhulu nesimo sezulu esinzima, esingathela izithelo kuze kube kane ngonyaka.

I-Pavlovsky

Uhlobo oluhlukahlukene oludumile lomzila ophakathi nendawo okhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu ezingenazithombo futhi lubekezelele kalula ukuntuleka kwelanga.

Meyer

I-Hybrid nohlobo lwe- “non-acidic” kakhudlwana olwaziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle unyaka wonke. Ngomjikelezo owodwa wokuvuna uwedwa, ungafinyelela ku-3 kg wezithelo.

I-Villa Franca

Enye yezinhlobo ezibekezelela kakhulu isomiso, ebonakala ngokuqhakaza izithelo, sekuyiminyaka engama-2-3 emva kokutshala.

IGenoa

Umuthi obuthakathaka, kepha obamba amakhaza onomqhele wevolumu nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.

Kursk

Le mbewu ikwazi ukumelana namaqhwa afinyelela kuma-20 degrees. Iletha isivuno ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala, idinga ukulungiswa njalo komqhele.

Lisbon

Uhlobo oluvimbela ukushisa lolamula olunezithelo ezinde, osisindo salo lungafinyelela ku-500 amagremu. Akakhuli ngaphezu kwemitha.