I-plum cherry ingumuthi ophansi, noma ngisho nesihlahla,
okuyinto eyenza siphule izithelo ezimnandi
ophuzi noma obomvu obomvu, usayizi omncane.
Uhlala enikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu, futhi akunzima ukumnakekela.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela indlela engcono ngayo
unakekele iplamu, mayelana nezinkinga zokufika
nokuvikela i-cherry plum emva kokutshala.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala iplamu
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala
Ipulazi yezitshalo iqale ngokukhetha indawo nokulungiswa komhlaba. Ngaphambi kokufika Ididi idinga ukucabangela amanye amaphuzu: iplamu ayibekezelele isomiso, ngoba kuthathwa njengomuthi onomswakama, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izimpande zayo zingaphansi kokumelana namazinga okushisa ebusika nasezingeni eliphansi.
I-Cherry plum izokhula kahle engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yensimu, emthambekeni, ingxenye engasentshonalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga yensimu yezithelo izophinde ifanele. Kufanele kucatshangelweukuze indawo ivikelwe emimoyeni oqinile, amaqhwa, isomiso, umswakama owedlule nezinye izimo zezulu ezimbi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, umanyolo osebenzayo usetshenziswa emhlabeni, kufaka phakathi umquba noma i-humus, i-superphosphates kanye nosawoti we-potassium. Amaminerali amaminerali awasetshenzisiwe enhlabathini ye-chernozem, njengoba kungekho nzuzo kulokhu.
Emhlabathini ongeke ikhule njengama-chernozems, inani lomanyolo lisetshenziselwa izinga lokuzala. Imhlabathi enezikhukhula ze-acidity. Emgodini wokufika wenza zonke izakhi, ngaphandle komquba.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Izihlahla ze-Cherry Zombili izinyanga kanye naminyaka emibili ubudala zitshalwe emhlabathini. Ngaphambi kokuzithenga udinga ukunaka uhlelo lwempande, kumele lube namandla futhi lube namandla, futhi ube nezimpande eziyisisekelo eziyisihlanu, ubude obulingana no-25-30 cm.
Izihlahla ze-graft nazo zitshalwe, zifaka fruiting ekuseni bese zilula ngokushesha kakhulu emva kweqhwa.
Izitshalo zingcono ukuthenga ezitshalweni zezithelo, hhayi kubadayisi abangathandeki emakethe.
Ukulungiselela isithombo
Uhlelo lwe-Cherry plum root, ngaphambi kokutshala engadini yakho, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela. Zonke izimpande ezigulayo, ezonakalisiwe, ezomile nezigciwane ziyasuswa ngezingcweti zensimu. Izimpande eziseleyo ezinempilo nazo zihlelwe kancane, okungukuthi, zivunwe.
Izimpande zokuphanga izihlahla kufanele unake kumbala wayo, uma kubomvu, khona-ke udinga ukususa ukuze kube mhlophe, okungukuthi, endaweni lapho izimpande ezinempilo ziqala khona.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo, ngemuva kokucubungula izimpande, kudingeka badonsa ku-mash. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ingozi yokuma, kuzokubuyisela ukulinganisela kokungcolisa okulahlekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma isitoreji esingalungile sezithombo. Yilungiselele ingxube ye-mullein nobumba, kodwa ungasuka emhlabathini.
Uhlelo lwempande luzoba usizo ukugcoba isisombululo se-Aktara, kodwa lungasetshenziswa nakwezinye izinambuzane zenhlabathi, okufaka ekuvikelweni kwezitshalo ezivela ezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi i-cockchafer, i-wireworm.
Umgodi wokufika
I-Cherry plum tree izokhula kangcono emhlabathini we-loamy nge-acidity ebuthakathaka. Izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ejulile ukusuka emhlabathini.
Umgodi wokutshala ugoba cishe ububanzi obungama-60 cm no-80 cm ojulile. Uma inhlabathi ingekho, ububanzi bomgodi buyanda kuma-70 cm. Ukulungiselela inhlabathi kuxhomeke enhlobo yomhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi enhlabathi - phansi komgodi kunconywa ukuba ulale ngendwangu yobumba, obukhulu obuyi-15 cm.
Ngokuba amanzi, emhlabathini omanzi, phansi komgodi kuhlanganiswe ne-rubble, isitini esiqhekekile noma isanti eliqhekekile. Ingqimba yamanzi kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angu-15. Izimbiza zigciniwe kude kumamitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Umgodi ogubiwe ugcwele umquba. I-Humus, i-superphosphate, i-chloride ye-potassium noma i-wood ash ithuliswa kuyo. Emhlabathini ompofu, inani lomanyolo likhuphuka ngo-50%. Ukunciphisa ubuhle bomhlabathi, i-kilogram eyodwa ye-lime ithululelwa emgodini ngamunye.
I-Cherry plum itshalwa ukuze intamo impande ihlale i-10 cm ephakeme kunezinga lomhlabathi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubeka phansi umhlabathi futhi wenza umgodi wokunisela. Emva kokutshala umuthi ugawulwa.
Ukufika
I-patterning yokuhamba
Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezimbewu ze-cherry plum ngqo kuxhomeke esimweni sezulu lapho izihlahla zikhula khona, esimweni somhlabathi, okungukuthi ukuzala. Endaweni eseningizimu enhlabathini evundile, ipulazi itshalwe ibanga elingamamitha amane ukusuka komunye nomunye, naphakathi kwemigqa engu-5, enyakatho, emamitha amathathu no-5, ngokulandelana. Ngokusondele kakhulu, okushoyo, okukhudlwana, izihlahla akufanele zitshalwe.
Ekuqaleni, lokhu kubonakala sengathi kuyinto enhle kakhulu, ukonga isikhala, ungatshala izihlahla eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, kodwa uma zikhula, kunesikhala esincane futhi zikhula kahle.
Kuye ngohlobo lwe-cherry plum nomqhele wesihlahla, okuyiyoriniato etshalwe iphethini ethile: Izihlahla ezinamandla ezikhulayo 7 m phakathi kwezihlahla kanye no 4 m phakathi kwemigqa, phakathi-5 m ubude ukusuka komunye nomunye, phakathi kwemigqa emi-3, nokukhula okuphansi, ngokulandelana 4 no-1.5 wamamitha.
Izinsuku zokufika
I-Cherry plum etshalwe ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokutshala izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kuka-Ephreli, ngenkathi izitshalo ziphelile, okungukuthi ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume, futhi ekwindla kuyadingeka ukuba nesikhathi phakathi no-Septhemba, okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala emva kwesikhathi entwasahlobo, isihlahla sizovame ukulimala futhi silale ngemuva, futhi ukutshala sekwephuzile ngesikhathi sokuwa kungaphazamisa uhlelo lwempande, lukhululeka, ngoba umuthi we-plum awunawo isikhathi sokuthatha izimpande.
Ukujula kokufika
Umsuka entanyeni yesipula I-Alycha, ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isixazulule, kufanele njalo ihlale phansi. Uma utshala akusizi kakhulu, izimpande ziba yize, futhi ukukhula kwe-overgrowth kwanda. Kodwa uma uwedlula futhi usitshala ngokujulile, ingozi yokugcoba ingahle ivinjelwe, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini onzima, obandayo.
Ukujuliswa kancane kwekolishi lempande kumhlabathi onesihlabathi kanye namatshe acwecwe kuvunyelwe, kukhona lapho umphumela omubi wokushisa komhlaba, ukungabi nomswakama kuthinta ama-cherry plum izithombo.
Ukuhamba ngemva kokufika
I-cherry plum tree, emva kokutshala, idinga ukuchelela okunengi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunamvula ngaphandle noma cha. Ukuphuzisa izihlahla Izikhathi ezingu-2-3, entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa uthele amabhakede amane amanzi. Ukunisela okulandelayo kuqhutshwa ngoJuni, ngoJulayi noSeptemba. Izwe ngaphansi kwezitshalo likhululiwe futhi likhula.
Ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokufanele kuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa okwesikhashana kwamanyolo okuthinta isivuno nokukhula kwesihlahla. Kodwa, ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, isitshalo asondliwe, inani lomanyolo owasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokutshala liwanele.
Ngaphansi kwe-cherry plum, izikhathi ezintathu kulo lonke isikhathi sokukhula zalisa: ekufikeni kwentwasahlobo ngoMashi, ekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwama-ovarie, kanti okwesithathu - ngoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, lapho kubeka amaqabunga esitshalo esisha. Abanini bezandla balulekwa ukuba basebenzise umanyolo we-nitrogen.
Ngonyaka wesibili Ipulazi yokukhulayo idla umanyolo onomuthi we-nitrogen. Ngonyaka wesine, zondliwa nge-organic and phosphorus-potassium usawoti, zenziwa ekwindla ngenkathi zimba.
Kwabaningi izinto zokunakekela eziyisisekelo ngoba i-cherry plum ingafakwa:
• Ukulawula ukhula.
• Ukugxila inhlabathi ezungeze umgodi.
• Ukuhlangana komhlabathi. I-peat, umquba noma ama-humus ahlanganiswe nofulawa noma ufulawa wama dolorite.
• Ukwenziwa komqhele.
• Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
Iplamu ekhulayo, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuyifiphaza ehlobo, ngakho-ke ungashisa amaqabunga, okokuqala kungcono ukuzama ukucubungula igatsha elilodwa, ngakho konke okunye.
Ukunakekela
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
I-Cherry plum bahlushwa izifo ezinjalo, njenge-gray rot (monoliosis), indawo enombala, isibungu, i-rust, ukwelashwa kwe-gom.
Ibala elimnyama liyavela emaqabunga ngendlela yamabala, amaqabunga kancane kancane asomile futhi awe phansi. Imithi yokwelashwa ibonakala ezitshalweni ezivele zigula. Ukubola okumpunga kuthinta amahlumela aphelelwa yisikhathi, izithelo zomuthi ubola, nokukhula okuluhlaza kukhishwa endaweni yabo.
Ngesikhuhlane sezinambuzane, izindawo ezihlukahlukene zivela emaqabunga, umbala uba obuluhlaza esikhundleni se-green - marble, izithelo zithatha isimo esingavamile esingavamile, kanye nesipuni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Isifo esifana nokugqwala sibonakala emigqatsheni yeqabunga ngesimo samabala amnyama, khona-ke ziwa, futhi umuthi ungafa ngisho naseqhweni elincane.
I-Cherry plum ukutheleleka ezinambuzane ezinjalo njenge-saplings, i-beetle ye-Gypsy entshonalanga ye-gypsy, i-downwe silkworm, i-moth.
Nakuba i-cherry plum ibhekwa ingavumelani nezifo ezihlukahlukene, izifo ze-fungal nazo ziba nemiphumela emibi kuyo. I-powdery isikhutha, ukushisa okukhulu. Ukuze uvikele isitshalo, kubalulekile ukuba wenze izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungcola, okushoyo, ukushisa nokukhipha amagatsha anegciwane kanye namahlumela, ugcine izindaba ezihlanzekile, ususe amagxolo endala nezithelo ezithelelekile, amaqabunga akhe awile futhi ulahle ukhula. Amanxeba esihlahleni somuthi ahlanzwa futhi aphethwe yi-disinfected ngekhambi le-copper sulfate.
Ukwakheka komuthi
Ngonyaka wokuqala, emva kokutshala, yakha umqhele we-cherry plum. Ihlanganisa inani elithile lamagatsha omzimba, ubukhulu bawo, ukwakheka kwamagatsha wesibili nokwesithathu kanye nemithi ethwala izithelo. Lapho wenza umqhele wesitshalo, osikiwe, ofinyeziwe futhi obuncitshiwe.
U cherry plum zakha izinhlobo ezine zemikhosi - ngaphandle kokuzibophezela, ukungabonakali futhi okuphephile, isigamu-flat kanye flat. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zemikhosi nazo zisetshenziselwa - uhla lwamanzi kanye ne-palmetta. Ngokuvamile izihlahla zihlonywa ngesimo somqhele ongenawo umqhele kanye nomqhele omise indebe.
I-Cherry plum unqunywe futhi entwasahlobo, nasehlobo, nasekupheleni. Kodwa, kulungile futhi kungcono ukuguqula izihlahla entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqhuma, endaweni ethile ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Ukususa amagatsha ngalesi sikhathi cishe kungenabuhlungu. Futhi kusukela emagatsheni anqunyiwe ijusi alugeli, futhi baphulukisa ngokushesha.
Ukusika izihlobo yenza kuphela lapho ukulungiswa okuncane kudingekile, noma ngezinhloso zokuhlanzeka. Sika amagatsha omile angadingekile, nalabo abakhula ngaphakathi komqhele.
I-autumn yethunyiwe i-cherry plum kuphela ngenjongo yokuhlanzeka. Awukwazi ukhathazeka kakhulu ukuthi ukususwa kwamagatsha amaningi ngokweqile, ngandlela-thile kuthinta u-fruiting. Amagatsha agulayo futhi omile aqiniseke ukuthi ahlanzwa, njengoba angakwazi ukuhambisa izinambuzane nezinambuzane angaphila kulawo angathinti umuthi. Sika amagatsha awile, nalabo abangasabe besithelo.
Ebusika, ukusika izihlahla akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yezihlumela ezibandayo ziba nezibungu futhi ziphule ngokushesha, futhi amanxeba aphilisa isikhathi eside.
Umanyolo
Njalo ngonyaka, ngaphansi komuthi weplamu, lapho kuqala ukwindla, sekusetshenziselwa umanyolo ophilayo, cishe ingxenye yesibili ibhakede lama-humus noma umquba ngamunye nge-1mg. Futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho izihlahla ottsvetut, futhi phakathi nohlobo, isitshalo sidinga urea, silethwa esihlahleni somuthi. Ekudleni okulandelayo yenza i-potassium sulfate, cishe amagremu angu-30. kumamitha angu-1.
Ukunisela
Izihlahla ezincane, emva kokutshala emhlabathini nokusika izihlahla, zanisela. Amabhakede amane amanzi abhekwa njengesivalo sokunisela emthini owodwa. Ukuphuza okulandelayo kuyenziwa entwasahlobo nasekuseni kwehlobo, cishe inani lemanzi liphindwe kathathu.
Ebusika
Ebusika, iqhwa linomthelela omubi ezimpandeni nasemagxolo omuthi. Ilanga elikhanyayo ebusika lingashisa i-alyche, futhi ukushisa kwebusika ngesimo seqhwa noma iqhwa emagatsheni kungawaphula.
Uhlelo lomsuka amaqabunga e-mulch ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa ngesigamu se-bayonet yefosholo, i-hay, sawdust, i-peat yengezwa - konke lokhu kuxubene nomhlabathi, futhi kuhlanganiswa umuthi wokhuni, okwazi ukuvikela lesi sihlahla kusuka emafungwini kanye namagundane.
Isihlahla somuthi qalisa ukufaka umquba ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala, akunconywanga ngaphambili, njengoba amagxolo angaqhakaziza futhi awonakele. Iqhwa lokuqala liphonswa phezu kwe-mulch ngefosholo, okwenza i-snowdrift ephezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, okuyisiqinisekiso semiphumela eyingozi yeqhwa.
Umhlaba ayeke ukucubungula kuze kube sekuqaleni kuka-September Ubusika obuhle phezu kwesihlahla kungasiza umanyolo we-phosphate, wenziwa ngo-Agasti. Ungakhohlwa ngemigodla yemithi emhlophe, imfoloko yayo kanye namahlumela omzimba. Ebusika, iplamu ihlanganiswe amaqabunga e-spruce, ehlanganiswe nge-sacking.
