Ukusika izikhonkwane

Ukusika izikhonkwane kuyinkqubo ebuhlungu futhi enesibopho.

Ingabe ufuna ukukhulisa umuthi we-peach omuhle engadini yakho bese uqoqa izithelo ezihlwabusayo minyaka yonke?

Funda ngokucophelela futhi uqaphele lokho esizokutshela khona.

Inhloso eyinhloko yokwehlisa zonke izinhlobo ze-peach, kanye nanoma imuphi omunye umuthi wesithelo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okufanele kwamagatsha athela izithelo, kanye nokukhula kwezithelo ezinkulu nezinamanzi, ngokulinganayo kusatshalaliswa kuwo wonke umkhiqizo womuthi.

Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukunikeza ifomu elifanele kumqhele walesi sitshalo esimangalisayo.

Kungcono nini futhi nini ukusika umuthi we-peach

Uhlelo lokunciphisa

Ukudubula kuhlose ukuqinisa umuthi we-peach, esiteji sokukhula kwawo, ukuthumela amandla ayo esivandini sokulima. Konke amagatsha e-peach tree ingahlukaniswa ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: ukukhula, okuxubene, ngonyaka, izimbali, ukukhiqiza, izinsika. Ingxenye enkulu yezithelo ze-peach isendaweni yamagatsha waminyaka yonke, kodwa, kwezinye izinto, amagatsha okukhiqiza anezithelo, nakuba ezincane kakhulu. Ngokwezimo zingahlukaniswa nenqubo yokwehlisa izithombo kanye nomuthi we-peach ovuthiwe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwehlisa:

Isiteji esisodwa sinciphisa - lokhu kuyindlela yokunakekelwa kwe-peach, njengoba ukunciphisa. Lolu hlobo lokusika izihlahla lunomgomo wokwenza ngokucacile ukuhluma komuthi ngokunciphisa, lapho usika ingxenye ethile yamagatsha athela izithelo, ukuze amagatsha amakhulu omuthi omuthi angabi nawo. Umphumela walokhu kudoba ukugqugquzela kokwakhiwa kwamahlumela amasha.

Uhlobo lwesibili lokunciphisa - Lokhu kuyingxenye yokunakekelwa kokuhlanzeka kwensimu, futhi kubizwa ngokuthi thinning. Ukucwenga akufani nokususwa kwamagatsha angenasidingo esihlahla somuthi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze uvikele umuthi ekudakeni okungadingekile kwamandla ayo. Phakathi nale nqubo, wonke amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele futhi akhule ngokubonakalayo asuswa.

Lokhu kwenziwa ngenkathi kukhula, ukuze wonke amandla ebalulekile esihlahla ayenamanzi ayo ahloswe ekufinyeleleni ukukhula okusheshayo kwamagatsha amakhulu athela izithelo, futhi umuthi uveza isivuno esikhulu. Inqubo yalezi zinhlobo zokusika izihlahla, ezomile nezomile zomuthi nazo zisusiwe.

Kumele ukhulume lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokusika izihlahla ukuhlela ukusika izihlahla nokuguga ukuguga. Ukwakha ukusika izihlahla kusetshenziselwa ukusiza isihlahla ekubunjweni kohlobo oluthi "olulungile" oluphekiwe lomqhele walo. A ukuvuselela ukusika izihlahla kuhloswe ukuvuselelwa, njengomthetho, usuvele umuthi omdala.

I-Krona imithi emincane ifaka ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ngaphambi kokusika izihlahla, kudingeka ulinganisise ukuphakama kwesiqu, okuhambisana nesiqingatha semitha kusukela kwisayithi ye-inoculation kuya egatsheni lokuqala elithuthukile ngokwanele, unqunywe ngendandatho wonke amahlumela angaphakathi ubude obunikwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukubeka amagatsha omuthi wokuqala, lapho kumele kube khona amagatsha amakhulu ama-3-5, ikakhulukazi ahlelwe phakathi kwabo embuthanweni obanga ibanga lika-10-15 cm.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kancane (kuze kufike egatsheni eliphezulu) kunqunywe ukuthi igatsha, elingathiwa isikhungo somqhubi. Okunye okusele, kwesokunxele kuya kwifomu, kuyancishiswa, kusunduza cishe ubude obuyi-15 cm - kuhlumela lokuqala lwangaphandle.

Ukunciphisa izinkuni zokuguga kwenziwa yi ukususwa kwamagatsha ezithelo, isivuno esancipha ngaso. Lokhu kuhlanza kwenza ukuba lo muthi ukhule amancane, amagatsha amasha anenani elikhulu lama-ovari - izimbali zezithelo zesikhathi esizayo. Ngaleyo ndlela, ukudala ukukhanya okuhle kuwo wonke amagatsha omqhele. Inqubo yokusika izihlahla eziguga, amagatsha amathambo udinga ukunciphisa endaweni lapho iminyaka yabo engu-3-5 iminyaka, ngesikhathi esifanayo, banqunywe eduze kwamahlumela amancane. Lezi amahlumela amancane azokwakha umqhele olusha olusha. Ngokunciphisa i-peach kufinyelela cishe ngo-50 kuya ku-60 cm ekukhuleni kwayo kwonyaka.

Ukuphrinta ekwindla

Umsebenzi oyinhloko nenhloso yokusoka ekwindla umuthi we-peach kungenzeka ukuthi unakekele ukunakekelwa kwemvelo kwesihlahla kanye nokulawulwa kwekhono layo lokulimala. Lokhu kutholakala ngokunciphisa amagatsha ngamunye athela izithelo.

I-autumn yinhle ngoba izimo zezulu zenza ukuba kube khona umuthi we-peach ukukhuthazelela ukutshala kwamagatsha awo omqhele ukuba kube mncane kakhulu.

Kulesi sikhathi kukhona ukukhula isigaba esisebenzayo sonyaka okhulayo wesihlahla, futhi ukusika ngalesi sikhathi kusindisa i-peach ezifweni nokucindezeleka okuqinile. Lokhu kuholela ekugxilweni kwamandla omuthi ekuvikeleni ebusika ebusika, futhi ngemva kwalokho, kuya kwesokudla, ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwama-ovarie wezimbali emagatsheni athela izithelo.

I-autumn ngokwayo yenza kube lula ukudala isikhathi esifanele sokubuyisela isitshalo ngemuva kokusika. Ukudubula ngokwawo kungukucindezeleka kunoma imuphi umuthi, ikakhulukazi i-peach. Lo muthi unamandla okwandisa ukwakha amagatsha amasha, futhi, ngokufanayo, unayo ukugeleza kwamanzi amaningi kuyo yonke isakhiwo somuthi. Ukunciphisa, ukuphoqelela ukuphindaphinda ukugeleza kwamandla amakhulu esihlahla. Lesi sihlahla sisebenzisa kakhulu amandla awo, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu ekuvuneni.

Ukudubula kwekwindla Isihlahla sesithelo se-peach ngokuvamile sinconywa kusukela ngo-September wokuqala. Ungayisebenzisa cishe phansi kuze ku-Okthoba 15, kodwa emva kokuphela kokuvuna. Kunikezwe ekwindla engaphezulu noma efudumele, inikeza isikhathi se-peach ukuhamba ekucindezelekeni ngemuva kokusika futhi kubuyele.

Ukunquma kwe-Spring

Ukudubula umuthi we-peach entwasahlobo, njengomthetho, kuwo umgomo oyinhloko - ukwakha umqhele womuthi wefomu elungile, okuvame ukukhipha indebe, okuzohlinzeka ukukhanya okufanako kwamagatsha nokutholakala mahhala kubo ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqhele wamapayipi owenziwe kahle unikeza ukufinyelela kalula kuwo wonke amagatsha awo athela izithelo. Futhi lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kubo.

Umqhele oqondile futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nokusabalalisa kwemithwalo kusuka ekuphefumulweni kwomoya okungazelelwe. I-peach ayiyithandi lokhu, ngoba amagatsha awo avame ukukhula ngama-acle acute, okwenza umuthi uvikeleke ekuzikhandla ngokomzimba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi ukusika izikhonkwane ezitholakala entwasahlobo kunethonya elinamandla kunazo zonke kanye nokufaniswa kokubekwa kwezithelo zesikhathi esizayo. Kulokhu okwamanje kubonakala kakade. ukuqhuma ukuvuvukalaokuyinto ezoqhubeka ibe izithelo peach.

Isici esibalulekile sokwethenwa kwentwasahlobo yomuthi we-peach ukuthi ihlale ikhiqizwa ngemuva kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo, futhi lokhu akumukeleki lapho usika ezinye izinhlobo zemithi yezithelo.

Ukusika izihlahla zentshuzi ephakathi kwe-peach kwenziwa esikhathini esiwela phakathi kokuqala kokukhula (ukuvuvukala) kwe-efihlekile kanye nokuqala kwezimbali zomuthi. Le nkathi yokukhula kwesihlahla, njengombuso, ihlala cishe amasonto amathathu - yiloMashi kanti phakathi kuka-Ephreli.

Ukudubula ihlobo

Ehlobo, ukusika izihlahla ze-peach, njengokungavumelekile, kuncane kakhulu kunokuwa noma entwasahlobo, futhi kusetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo. Isizathu esiyinhloko se-pruning ehlobo ehlobo ngakho-ke, umuthi uqoqa izinto eziningi eziwusizo phakathi nonyaka wokuphila kwawo ngesikhathi sokusebenza sonyaka okhulayo. Lokhu kwenzeka emaqabunga omuthi. Futhi bayaziwa ukuthi bayasebenza njengesihlahla somuthi. Kodwa kuphela ehlobo, futhi hhayi kwenye inkathi, kungcono ukubona inani lamagatsha ashisayo ebusika, okumelwe aqedwe.

Lapho sithenga izihlahla ehlobo, sithatha emthini ingxenye enkulu yamandla akhe, okudinga ukukhula okuhle kwesithelo. Ehlobo, njengomthetho, susa zonke amahlumela ezikhula phakathi komqhele. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukukhanyisa kwayo, okuthinta kakhulu umbala wesithelo. Ngokweqhwa kwehlobo, ngezinga elithile, kusebenza inqubo yokwehlisa izithelo. Lokhu kwenziwa lapho ithambo liqala ukwakha isithelo, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ngemuva kwenqubo yokwehla kwemvelo yengxenye encane yesithelo emva kokuba ihlanganiswe.

Isikhathi esicacile se-pruning ehlobo nesikhathi saso, njengombuso, asihloniphi. Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo - le nkathi iqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni, futhi iqhubeka kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaJulayi. Umuthi we-peach ujwayele ukuzala ngokweqile. Futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwehlobo, kulula ukupakisha isihlahla ukuze ususe izithelo ezidlulayo ezithwala kakhulu. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nobukhulu bezithelo ezisele.

Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nezici zokupaka izihlahla zentwasahlobo.

Amathuluzi

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ithuluzi lonke legadi, elihlahla izihlahla, kanye nama-peaches, nalo, kufanele libe ngokuphelele ukusebenzafuthi ibukhali kakhulu. Lokhu kuzosindisa izandla zomgadi wensimu ukulimala futhi kuzokwenza okufanayo emthini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke ithuluzi lokusebenza lomlimi wegadi, ikakhulukazi ukusika, kuyadingeka, nakanjani, ngezikhathi ezithile disinfect nge sulphate yethusihhayi eqinile kakhulu isisombululo sokuphuzanoma ikhambi le-manganese. Le nqubo izovikela umuthi ekutheleleni kanye nokusabalalisa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nesifungi.

Ukuze izihlahla eziphephile, ithuluzi liyadingeka ukuze inzalo. Ngokuba inzalo ephakeme kakhulu, ithuluzi lokusika (ngokufaneleke ngokuphelele) kufanele libhapathizwe kwisisombululo se-disinfectant isikhathi esingaba ngu-15 kuya ku-25 imizuzu futhi some emoyeni. Ngemva kwalokhu le nqubo yokuqala iyaqhubeka izihlahla. Ukuchithwa kwethuluzi lokulimala kufanele kube yilapho kudingeke kube khona umthetho.

Cabangela uhlu lwethuluzi lokusebenza lomlimi wezamasimu, okuyinto eyenziwa ngayo lapho kusetshenzwa umuthi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-pruner, i-pruner, i-garden yabona, ummese wensimu, isisindo sezinkuni. Noma yikuphi kulawa mathuluzi kuyadingeka ohlwini lwethuluzi lomsebenzi wegadi.

Isibonelo i-pruner - Kungcono ithuluzi eliyinhloko ezandleni zensimu lapho usika izihlahla. Kuhloswe ukucubungula amagatsha emithi, okuhlanganisa amagatsha angu-25 mm obukhulu. Kwenza kube lula ukwenza ukusikeka okubushelelezi.

Uma ukhetha i-pruner, kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi le mihlangothi emibili ikusika uma ujoyina kakhulu. Konke kufana nesisindo - uma i-pruner isika iphepha, khona-ke ifaneleka emsebenzini okhululekile futhi kuyoba yinto encane kakhulu emthini. Ama-cutting scuning blades kufanele abe isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba ufinyelele kahle ama-nooks omqhele wesihlahla.

I-Lopperfuthi, kuhloswe ngezinhloso ezifanayo. Kodwa leli thuluzi linesici esisodwa sokuklama. Lezi yizixazululo eziningana ezisebenza njengesibindi somzimba uma kunqunywa amagatsha amaningi omuthi. Leli thuluzi linganciphisa kalula amagatsha amabili kabili kunelawo angakwazi ukunqoba ama-shears. Kodwa ungavame ukusebenzisa lezi zici zaleli thuluzi, unqume amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuphazamise kakhulu izinga lokusika, elichaphazela ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda kanye nempilo yomuthi ngokujwayelekile.

Kepha ukusebenza kwensimungakho-ke inzuzo yayo enkulu yikhono layo lokubhekana ngokufanele negatsha lanoma yikuphi ukuqina, futhi ngisho ne-shtamb yomuthi omdala. Le nsimu yabona amaqabunga ahlanzekile ngisho nokusika ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu emagqumeni nase-burr residual. Amazinyo ayo asebenzayo, njengomthetho, ahlukaniswe ubukhulu, okuphindwe kabili ubukhulu bebhande lawona. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ungagcini ukusika lapho usebenza ngamasila we-sawdust, futhi ungavumeli umbhede we-saw ukuba udlule ngenkathi usebenza ngokusikwa okujulile.

Imfuneko eyinhloko ummese wensimu - lokhu kulula ukuyibeka ezandleni nasemkhakheni wensimbi yesigaba sokusebenza uqobo. Ikhono lommese wensimu lihlale likhali ngokwanele isikhathi eside futhi lenze kahle umsebenzi walo. Ummese wensimu uthathwe, njengoba besho, ngesandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ummese kufanele ubekwe ngendlela enhle ngangokunokwenzeka kwisandla somlimi.

Izindwangu zensimu futhi unezici okudingeka wazi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhono labo lokusika ngesikhathi esifanayo amagatsha amancane omuthi omuthi ngesisindo esifanayo, njengoba esika izihlahla zasendlini. Njengoba kunomsebenzi omkhulu emgqeni okhululekile, kulula.

Ngakho-ke, izidingo ezisemqoka zokugaya amathuluzi engadini yilo: ithuluzi kumele livikeleke ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokuhamba; okwenziwe kahle; ukumelana nomzamo omkhulu; babe nezikhwama ezikhululekile futhi, uma kungenzeka, kube lula ngokwanele.

Izici

Umuthi we-Peach uthakazelisa ngokwanele futhi ukuhambisana nezikhathi zokusika izihlahla ezinhle, ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga, kuzokwenza kube lula ukwenza le nqubo ebuhlungu kunoma yisiphi isitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube okungenakuqhathaniswa ukubuka ikhalenda yenyanga yensimu ngaphambi kokulima.