I-aponovidnye apple - uhlobo oluthile kakhulu lomuthi wesithelo. Loluhlobo lwemithi yezithelo lubukeka luhle futhi lungavamile, kanti lunezithelo ezinkulu futhi ezihlwabusayo.
Izihlahla ze-apula ezinjengezinsika zingenasisekelo kakhulu, izimo zezulu nezomhlabathi zithonya kakhulu ukuhluma nokukhula kwazo, kanye nezici zokunakekelwa kwazo. Masihlale sibheke ukunakekelwa komuthi obaluleke kakhulu - ukuwasika.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokugaya?
Zonke izihlahla zegadi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zineminyaka yobudala noma ezihlukahlukene, ngezikhathi ezithile badinga izihlahla. Ukusika ngokufanele kuhilela ukwakhiwa komqhele omuhle, isilinganiso samagatsha, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke imbewu, ukuqina kwayo nokuvunwa okuphezulu.
Ngenxa yokudubula okulungile, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukusatshalaliswa okuphezulu kokuswakama kanye nezinto ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni kuwo wonke umuthi, ukukhanyisa kubuye kulawulwe, isilinganiso esifanele sokukhula nokuhluma kufinyelelwa.
Ngaphandle kokungenelela okunengqondo komlimi oyinakekelayo, umqhele womuthi uzothuthukiswa, ozovuna isivuno esibi nesithelo esingalungile.
Manje mayelana nezici zokunquma
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izihlahla ezihlahla izihlahla zikhiqiza ummese wokulima okhaliphile noma izingubo ezibukhali ezikhethekile. Uma usika amagatsha, qaphela ukuthi ama-spikes awahlali, futhi amahlumela aphikisanayo asuswa ngokusika "ngaphakathi kwendandatho."
Noma yikuphi ukusika kuqondwa yizihlahla ezingenabuhlungu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu uphathe amanxeba ngokushesha ngemva kokuqothula noma upende ngokudweba ngamafutha.
Amagatsha aphukile, anomile futhi awonakele asuswa ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla. Izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngezithelo ezithengi kahle zibuye zenziwe ukuze zilawulwe umthwalo esihlahleni. Lapho kuqala ukuhluma, ukusika izihlahla kuyancishiswa futhi ukukhula kwamahlumela kwanda ngenkathi kuxhaswa, futhi amahlumela asuswa masinyane phansi kwe-shtamb, njengoba evuza umuthi.
Ukusika ama-apula, njenganoma imuphi omunye umuthi, wenziwa, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka komqhele omuhle, kodwa akudingekile ukuba uhambisane nanoma yisiphi isifanekiso.
Ukwakha umqhele kufanele uqale ezincane zezithombo. Okokuqala, udinga ukubheka ukuthi hlobo luni lokufutheka olubekiwe ekufakeni isitembu. Qinisekisa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele irejista ye-angle yokukhipha kanye nokuthambekela kwamagatsha ohlangothini avela esiqwini esiphakathi (lokhu okumele kube khona kufanele kube ama-degree angama-40-45).
Kunezinqubo eziningi zokunciphisa.
Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa ekwakheni umqhele wezihlahla zezithelo. Phakathi kwazo: i-kerbovka (ukukhonjiswa kwamagxolo) - isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma kwezinso; amagatsha okusika izihlahla - ukubunjwa kwamagatsha amahle; Ukuguqa emuva kuhlumela ngamagatsha okubopha; ukuqoqa iziqongo zezihlumela ezikhulayo.
Ama-apula e-Colony adinga ukusika okukhethekile., njengoba banesakhiwo esingavamile kanye nokukhula okungajwayelekile kwamagatsha. Kukhona izihlahla ze-shoot umqhele kanye nezihlahla ze-side shoots. Ake sihlale kunhlobo ngayinye yokusika izimpendulo ngokuningiliziwe.
Nciphisa Shot
Enye yezindawo ezisengozini kakhulu ye-apple ikholomu yisipoti sayo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esingavamile, phezulu kwalesi sihlahla sesithelo ngesikhathi sasebusika kuvame ukugwinya njalo.
Njengomthetho, iqhwa phezulu, lapho umqhele ukhona khona, kunamandla kakhulu, ukukhishwa okuvamile njalo kwengxenye ephezulu ye-apula kwenzeka. Lokhu kuholela ekuhlanjululeni kwengxenye engenhla yesithelo sezithelo, nokubonakala kwezintambo 2-3.
Kulokhu, lapho kuphuma intwasahlobo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umgadi wensimu anqume ukudubula okuqinile, okuzoba ukuqhubeka kwesiqu. Amagatsha asele anqunywa, ashiya 2-3 efihlekile esisekelweni ngasinye.
Ingxenye engenhla yezinso ze-apical efile isuswe ngaphambi kokuphephaichazwe ngesiqu esizayo.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuxhuma, abalimi batusa ukuba bangasusi phezulu kwesihlahla somtholampilo, kodwa ebusika kungcono ukuwafihla kusuka efrijini.
Izimpande zecala lokudubula
Amahlumela eseceleni we-apula e-columnar ayahlungwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukuze alondoloze isimo se "ikholomu". Ngakho-ke, ngokukhula kwabo okukhulayo, ekuqaleni kukaJuni, amahlumela asobala avele kufanele avezwe.
Ebusika, amahlumela afihlekile emakhazeni, ngenkathi evikela ngokucophelela izimbali ezivela ehlathini, ikakhulukazi ezansi. Vikela umuthi kusuka efrijini ngokuwufaka nge-insulation, ungasebenzisa ngisho nephepha.
I-Colonid Apple Care
I-aponovidnye apula, njengayo yonke imithi yezithelo, idinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela. Igama lokunakekelwa kufanele liqondwe njengokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa komuthi, kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokutshala kuze kufike isikhathi sokuhluma.
Ukunakekelwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzekwa kwesihlahla ngesilinganiso esidingekayo somswakama, ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokukhanyisa okulungile (umuthi udinga isikhala samahhala, ukwakheka komqhele kanye nesiqu, ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene).
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokunakekelwa kwezinhlobo ze-autumn ze-apula
Amanzi ase-Apple
Umswakama uyisisekelo somsocookudingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni kwesihlahla. Ukungabi nomswakama emhlabathini, kuyathinta kakhulu intuthuko, ukumelana nesithwathwa nokuqina kwezithelo hhayi kuphela, kodwa noma yimuphi omunye umuthi.
Kodwa, futhi amanzi amaningi kunobungozi kakhulu: kulokhu, inhlabathi ngeke ikwazi ukuthola inani elidingekayo le-oksijeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, iqoqa imikhiqizo eyingozi, engase iholele nasekufeni kwesihlahla. Ukuthunga okungajwayelekile kungathandeki futhi kuyingozi kakhulu, njll. ukushintshwa kwenkathi yomhlabathi owomile ngokunisela okunengi.
Masinyane emva kokutshala, umuthi kumele uphezwe ngamanani amabhakede amabili noma amathathu empandeni. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, ngokushelela okulandelanayo, amabhakede amanzi amane kuya kwahlanu kufanele athululelwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Kufanele sikhumbule lokho isikhathi esihle sokunisela kusihlwa: ebusuku umswakama awuphumi kakhulu.
Okuwusizo kakhulu ukuchelela izihlahla zethu ze-apula ngamanzi emvula nokuncibilika kwamanzi, ngakho kufanele kuqoqwe uma kunokwenzeka. Ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu kungabangela umphumela omubi ekukhuleni kanye nenhlalakahle yezihlahla ze-apula, amanzi akufanele abe ngaphezulu, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi.
Ngesikhathi sokunisela, akunakwenzeka ukuthululela amanzi endaweni eyodwa kuphela, lokhu kungase kubandakanye ukuvezwa kwezimpande, kubalulekile ukugcoba ingxenye yonke yomhlabathi ngokulinganayo.
Umswakama kufanele ugcwalise umhlaba ngokujula kwama-80-100 cm, akufanele uvumele ukudala umgqomo emhlabathini, ongabonakala ngemuva kokuphela kokunisela. Ukugcwalisa umhlaba nge-oksijeni, emva kokuphuza, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhulule inhlabathi.
Sivikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane
Kubaluleke kakhulu, lapho unakekela izitshalo, ukukhumbula isidingo kubo ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane. Lapho kuvela izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ngokulandelana, izifo ezikhiqizwa yizo zivela, izihlahla ziqala ukugula, okukwazi ukuvusa ngisho nokufa kwesitshalo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kokuvamile kuvame lokhu okulandelayo: i-codling moth, i-silkworm (enganakiwe noma ekhonyiwe), i-goldentail beetle, i-hawthorn, i-apple i-ermine moth, i-sawfly eluhlaza, i-aphid eluhlaza, i-leafworm, i-weevil enombala, i-honeyfly, i-spider mite, i-crisps, nezinye eziningi.
Enye inkathazo ithinta imbali nesithelo ngokwayo, enye - amaqabunga omuthi, okwesithathu - ama-trunks namagatsha. Kunezinhlobo zamathuluzi okusiza ukuvikela izilokazane nezifo zezihlahla, ngosizo lwabo kungenzeka ukuvimbela, ukwesaba noma ukubhubhisa isifo esithile.
Kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwezinambuzane, futhi uhlobo lwesifo, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulwa nazo, njenge: karbofos - 0.3% ukugxila, i-bitoxybacillin, i-dendrobatsillin, i-trichloror yesithathu yamaphesenti, i-10% i-flozalon
Kuthathwa ngezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona indlela ethandwayo ethandwa - sishaye izihlahla nge-decoction kagwayi. Isixazululo sale thuluzi sithathwa ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuya kwezingu-10, futhi sibonakala siphumelele ekulawuleni izinambuzane.
Ngokuvamile, kunezidakamizwa eziningi kakhulu eziphambene nezinambuzane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma usebenzisa lezi zimakhemikhali, hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi impilo ewusizo ingapheli yini, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kungaba, okokuqala, engenamandla ekulwa nesinambuzane esithile, futhi okwesibili - ukulimaza isitshalo ngokwaso.
Ngingathanda ukukhumbuza ukuthi kunezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezinhlanzi zehlathi nezinsimu namagundane. Ungakhohlwa ngabo, ngoba ziyizilokazane eziphawulekayo, ziyakwazi ukulimaza kakhulu kunoma imuphi umuthi, futhi, ngokufanele, ku-apple yethu ye-columnar. Ekulwa nabo kuzokusiza amagatsha ezinaliti ezijwayelekile, ezingafaka isihlahla esizungeze isiqu.
