Ukutshala noma yikuphi umuthi akulula njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni. Izihlahla zezithelo zitshalwe emhlabathini ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Kukholelwa ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthi isimo sethu sezulu sitshale izihlahla zezithelo ekuwa.
Ngokusobala, uma izitshalo ezitshalwe ekwindla zikwazi ukusinda ebusika ebusika, cishe zizokujabulela ngokuvuna nokuphila isikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo.
Njengazo zonke ezinye izinto, lapho ukutshala izihlahla kunamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu okudingeka ahlanganiswe eduze.
Lokhu kufaka ukudla okunempilo, nokunikeza inani elifanele lomswakama, nokuvikelwa ezinambuzane nasebandleni lasebusika.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokutshala kwekwindla?
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlala izithelo zomuthi izithelo, okuyi-apula izithombo, esimweni sethu sezulu esiyingozi yisikhathi sezuluokuyinto ewela phakathi ka-Okthoba futhi iqhubeka kuze kube phakathi no-Novemba.
Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, izinga lokushisa lomoya lifudumele futhi linomswakama ngokwanele, okuyisimo esihle kakhulu sokutshala izihlahla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukutshala kumele kwenziwe okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala.
Ukutshala kwekwindla izihlahla ze-apula okwenziwa ngemuva kokuba amahlamvu ehlile ngokuphelele, Izinsuku ezingu-20-25 ngaphambi kokufika kwesithwathwa, ngoba ngisho namaqhwa angabalulekile, izinga labo lokusinda liyehla futhi ukukhula kwezihlahla ezincane kubuthakathaka. Ngokwesiko batshala izitshalo ezineminyaka engu-1, 2, 3 ubudala, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi badlulisela endaweni entsha kanye nezihlahla ezivuthiwe.
Njengoba i-apple tree sapling isesimweni esifanele, ekuqaleni, ngemva kokutshala kwe-sapling, kudingeka ukuhlinzeka wakhe ukwesekwayini ezuzwayo ngesikhonkwane sezinkuni esinezinkuni esiseduze ne-rhizome. Ngesikhonkwane esinjalo ngokuhlanganisa isitembu esincane esinqunyiwe somuthi, le ndlela esikhathini esizayo ivimbela ukuvinjelwa kwesiqu somuthi.
Kancane kancane mayelana nokubuthwa kwezimbali zezithombo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusihlwa ebusika imithi ikakhulukazi yethu izithombo zihlale ziphephile. Ukubheka izihlahla kubonakala ngokunciphisa okukhulu kwezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo ezincelweni ngokwayo.
Le nqubo ikwandisa ukuphikiswa komuthi omncane kuya enkambweni yokuwumba futhi ukuwufaka endaweni entsha. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi izihlahla ezincane ezitshalisiwe kufanele zibe nesikhathi esincane. Lesi sikhathi kudingekile ohlelweni lwempande ye-seedling, kusukela isikhathi esithile esidingekayo ukuze uvumelane futhi uthathe izimpande ezindaweni ezintsha ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda.
Ngeke kube yizingqayizivele, futhi ukuxubha kwenhlabathiokuyinto kuyadingeka ukuba ubambe nxazonke ze-rhizome umuthi omncane. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo kukhishwa ngokuyibeka phezu kwenhlabathi ehlanganisiwe engakapheli isigamu semitha kusuka enhlangeni ye-peat, utshani, amaqabunga ekwindla kanye nezinye izinhlanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zakuqala zezihlahla ze-apula.
Lungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukuguqulwa kwezihlahla ezincane kanye nezithombo ze-apula ukulungiswa kahle kwenhlabathi lapho izitshalo ezincane zizotshala khona.
Kusobala ukugibela umgodi ngokuba umuthi omncane kufanele ikhululiwe. Ukukhulula umgodi kwenziwa ngokumba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulungisa ingxube yomhlabathi - ukugcwalisa umgodi wokufika. I-filler isilungele kanje: inhlabathi igumbwe emgodini, okungukuthi ungqimba ophezulu - inhlabathi emnyama, ixubene namabhakede amabili omanyolo ophilayo (humus, umquba), bese kuthiwa i-lime encane kanye ne kilogram yezinkuni. Izitshalo eziwusizo nezinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali ngeke ziphele.
Ngenhlanganisela eyayilungisiwe, bagcwalisa ukucindezeleka nge-sapling encane, futhi esikhundleni sezingqimba ezisenhla emthini osetshalwe kakade basakaza ukukhipha emgodini, ungqimba oluphansi, oluphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo sinezinhlanzi ezincane ezihlanganisiwe kanye ne-mulch ngokucophelela.
Kufanele kube ukujula komgodi
Ngesikhathi sokufika, isici esibaluleke kakhulu kanye naso sonke isinqumo esifanele sokujula komgodi. Ukujula komgodi kunencazelo ekhethekile.
Ngakho-ke, ukutshala ngokujulile ukutshala kuvimbela ukugeleza kwamahhala emoyeni ezimpandeni, kanti imbewu yethu iyocindezelwa, futhi izimpande zomuthi omncane ngesikhathi esifanayo, zingase zibole, zivame ikakhulukazi enhlabathini enzima.
Ngokutshala okungajulile, izimpande zenzalo zivezwa, zome, futhi zihlaselwe yiqhwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa komhlaba, okuyindlela engenakugwema ngesikhathi sokutshala kwanoma yiziphi izitshalo.
Ngokutshala okungajulile, ukubonakala kwenani elikhulu lamahlumela nakho kungenzeka, okunciphisa ukukhula kwesihlahla ngokwayo.
Ngakho ngeze impande yentamo yomuthi omncane akumele ingcwatshwe.
Emva kokutshala, ama-saplings azo zonke izihlahla zegadi kumele anisele. Ukunisela izihlahla ezisanda kuhlwanyelwa zidinga amabhakede amabili amanzi 1 isitshalo.
Ukuthembeka kwegodi kusuka endaweni
Isici sesici somhlabathi ukuzala kwayo, kanye nekhono lomhlabathi ukunikeza umuthi ngamanzi nazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo. Uma utshala izithombo ezincane zezihlahla zezithelo, yebo, nezithombo ze-apula, ukukhethwa kwesakhiwo somhlaba ngesilinganiso esihambisanayo kuyoba okulungile.
Umthamo oseduze wezwe awuwona ama-degree angaphezu kuka-8, okuyinto evumela ukuthi ivikelwe ekuchaseni imimoya eqinile. Uma indawo ehlongozwe ukutshala izihlahla ezincane, ikhombisa ukuhlaziya okuphawulekayo noma enye indawo engafanelekile, kunconywa ukuba ukhethe isakhiwo esisehlangothini oluseningizimu noma eningizimu ye-irregularity.
Ukutshala akukhuthazwa yezihlahla ebumbeni noma enhlabathinikanye nasemhlabathini onesihlabathi. Uma ugoba umgodi we-seedling, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zomhlaba, kanye nohlobo lwenhlabathi. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho umba umgodi wokutshala izihlahla zezithelo ukuphakama kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngokutshala izihlahla zama-apula, indawo enhle yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayiseduze kunamamitha angu-2.5 ukusuka emhlabathini.
Uma indawo yokutshala umuthi omncane ihlinzeka ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angasenakudliwa endaweni ethile, khona-ke izithombo kufanele zitshalwe ngezigxobo ezenziwe kahle.
Ukuphakama kwalezi zikhukhula kufanele kube yingxenye yemitha, nobubanzi bamamitha amathathu. Izigxobo zokufakelwa zichithelwa emhlabathini ongaphansi komhlabathi, lokhu kungqimba kugcwele izitsha zamaminerali. Okubi kakhulu nakakhulu inhlabathi yokutshala, lo mgodi ububanzi kufanele ube ngaphansi kwesithombo.
Kodwa kulokhu, ukujula komgodi akufanele kwandiswe, ukujula kwayo okungengamamitha angama-0.7-1, ngoba umuthi omncane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimpande zokhula zisakaze emhlabathini eduze komhlabathi otshalwayo, lapho kunamaminerali amaningi nezinto eziphilayo.
Iya ekukhetheni kwezithombo
Okubaluleke kakhulu uma utshala izihlahla ezincane ukukhethwa kwezithombo. Isithombo, okokuqala, sikhethwe kuphela enempilo. Ungathengi izithombo kusuka kubanikazi abangaqinisekisiwe.
Umuthi omncane okuhloswe ukutshala kumele ube nokuhlunga okunezintathu noma ezine, amahlumela, amahlumela afakwe ngendlela efanayo kanye nehlumela elilodwa eliqondile - ukuqhutshwa (umqhubi) we-50-60 cm ubude.
Uma kukhona abaqhubi ababili, owesibili unqunywe, noma unqatshelwe eceleni. Ihlumela elimele kufanele libe lide eliyi-15-20 cm kune-side shoots. I-shtambe akumele ibonakaliswe. Izimpande zomuthi omncane kufanele zibe nobude obungama-30-35 cm, futhi zibe zihlanzekile, zifubushe, zibe nezinhlambuluko, zingagcini.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela lonke uhlelo lwempande le-seedling, ngezingubo ezibukhali ukususa izimpande ezigulayo, kanye namathiphu enempilo, ende kakhulu, kancane kancane.
Uma izimpande zesithombo zisalokhu zilahlwe kancane, kufanele zihlungwe cishe usuku. Uma kwenzeka amaqabunga asemagatsheni, kufanele aqedwe ngokucophelela, futhi wonke amahlumela wezithombo kufanele afushane ngokuba yingxenye yesithathu yobude bawo.
Indlela yokutshala isithombo emgodini
Ukujula komgodi kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ukujula kokutshala umuthi omncane kufanele kube njengokuthi intamo impande ye-seedling ingaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Lokhu kuphakama cishe ku-5 cm.
Emva kokutshala, intamo yenzalo ihlanganiswe ne-primer. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-shrinkage yenhlabathi iyabonakala, futhi intamo yempande iqhathaniswa nezinga lomhlabathi noma iwela ngezansi.
Ubukhulu bomgodi ngumbuzo obalulekile, umgodi awudingeki kuphela ukufaka izimpande zomuthi omncane, kufanele ubeke inhlabathi evundile yesitshalo eminyakeni ezayo. Ukujula komgodi wokufika kungadingeki kakhulu isidingo.
Khumbula ukuthi izimpande zomuthi wensimu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze zizophuma emgodini bese ziqhubeka zikhula. Kukhona izibalo ezithile namasayizi omgodi awaziwayo: Imithi yezitshalo, umgodi wokufika ungama-100 ngo-60 cm, ngenxa yezihlahla zamatshe - 100 ngo-80 cm.
Ukumba umgodi wokutshala izimbewu ze-apula, ungqimba lomhlaba olele ngenhla (njengenhlabathi evundile) uhlelwe ngenye indlela, futhi phansi ngokuphambene. Kungcono ukwenza umgodi wokugibela, kanye namaphethelo alowo mgodi.
Isikhathi sokutshala ekwindla
Ngokuvamile kaningi Izinsuku zokutshala ziwela ekwindla ngoba nje isitsha silala ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi semifino futhi sibekezeleleke ngokucindezeleka ukufakelwa.
Kunconywa ukutshala izithombo ngemuva kokuthenga.. Uma kungenjalo, ukoma i-rhizome kungenzeka, okungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo ngokwaso.
Ukuze ugweme ukomisa i-rhizome, Izithombo kumele zihlungwe usuku olulodwafuthi uma izimo zingavumeli lokhu, khona-ke i-rhizome ye-seedling ifakwe kwisisombululo sobumba oluthile. Inqubo enjalo izosiza ukugcina uhlelo lwempande lomuthi omncane ngethoni isikhathi esifushane.
Ungakhohlwa ukuphuza umuthi we-apula
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo ukuchelela kwalo. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukubaluleka kwamanzi impilo yomzimba wonke, futhi izihlahla ezincane azifani.
Ukuthambisa kokuqala kokubaluleka kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komuthi omncane, ngoba yilokhu okwenza kube khona ukugcwalisa lesi sitshalo ngomswakama okwanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokunisela, ukuhlanganiswa okudingekayo kwenhlabathi kwenzeka eduze kwezimpande zomuthi omncane. Kodwa kufanelekile ukwazi futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuthulula amanzi ngaphansi kwesithombo kungcono hhayi ukusebenzisa i-jet monotonous, kodwa kudingekile ukuchelela ngokuchelela kusuka kumanzi okuphuza.
Ukuze kube nesineke sonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ukuchelela kuyadingeka okungenani kanye ngesonto.. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inani eliningi kakhulu lomswakama lithinta kakhulu imbewu. Amanzi angaphezu kwamandla adala ukubonakala kwe-crust eduze ne-rhizome, okuvimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni nezinto ezimbiwa emthini uqobo.
Omunye akufanele futhi akhohlwe ukugubha inhlabathi eduze nensimu, ngoba ukuchelela ezitshalweni kuyobe kusetshenziswe kahle emva kokufaka umquba wesitshalo esincane. Uma kunokwenzeka, ukuphuza umuthi kuyadingeka ngokwengeziwe ngesilinganiso samabhakede amabili ngomuthi nsuku zonke phakathi nesonto. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuphuza kuhle kakhulu kwenziwa kusihlwa.
