IPassiflora (Passiflora) - i-liana ebilayo enotshani eqhakaza izimbali ezinkulu, ezinjengeenkanyezi. Izwe lasePassiflora yiNingizimu Melika, iBrazil, iPeruvia, amahlathi emvula aseParaguay. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zokuhlobisa nephunga elihle lembali, i-passionflower iyatshalwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba futhi ibizwa ngokuthi imbali yothando. Isivele ivumelanise nezimo zezulu zaseMedithera, ezisendaweni engezansi nokuzithoba ezinamazinga okushisa esikhashana esikhathi sobusuku.
Ikhula ehlathini elishisayo, i-photophilous passionflower liana iphoqelelwa ukuba ifike elangeni ngokwayo. Ngosizo lwezimpondo ezikhethekile eziningi esiqwini esinamandla, esinamahlahla, unamathela kusekela nezihlahla aze afike esihlokweni esiphakeme sehlathi.
Okunye ukuhlakanipha ezindaweni zokuhlala zemvelo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-45-47 ubude. Ekhaya, i-passiflora yangemuva ikhula ibe amamitha ama-3, minyaka yonke inika amahlumela amamitha ayi-2-2,5 ubude futhi iyisitshalo esingenakuzithoba ngokuphelele. Izimbali eziningi zimboza lesi sitshalo ehlobo lonke, kepha isikhathi sokuphila ngakunye asidluleli usuku.
| Izinga lokukhula okukhulu. Amahlumela minyaka yonke ngamamitha ayi-2-2,5. | |
| Izimbali eziningi zimboza lesi sitshalo ehlobo lonke, kepha isikhathi sokuphila ngakunye asidluleli usuku. | |
| Isitshalo kulula ukusikhulisa. | |
| Isitshalo se-perennial. |
Ubuthi kanye nobuthi be-passionflower
Naphezu kokuba khona kwezinye izakhiwo zokupholisa, i-passionflower ayinconywa ukusetshenziswa. Izinto eziqukethwe kulesi sitshalo, ukungena emzimbeni, zingavusa ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwenhliziyo, ubuchopho, izinso, noma isibindi.
Ukunakekelwa kwePassiflora ekhaya. Kafushane
IPassiflora ekhaya idinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, okungekho nzima:
| Imodi yokushisa | Izinga lokushisa ehlobo akufanele lidlule 23-25ºС. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo siphumula ngo-13- 17ºº. |
| Umswakama womoya | Ukuswakama kufanele kube kwenele. Udinga ukukhuliswa nsuku zonke ngepallet enobumba olunwebekile olunyisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukufafazwa. Kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, ngamanzi afudumele, ugwema ukuxhumana nezimbali. |
| Isibani | Ukukhanya kukhanya ngokukhanya okuningi kwelanga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimbali ziyancipha noma ziqhume ngokuphelele. |
| Ukunisela | Ukunisela kuyinto elinganiselayo, kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, ukuze inhlabathi ihlale inomswakama. Noma kunjalo, ungashiyi amanzi ngokweqile epanini. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube isikhathi esingu-1 ngesonto. |
| Inhlabathi | Inhlabathi yePassiflora kufanele ibe lula futhi ingaphefumula. Ungayipheka ngokwakho ngokuxuba ishidi, inhlabathi e-turfy, i-humus nesihlabathi ngokulingana kwe-3: 2: 2: 1, ngokulandelana. |
| Umanyolo nomanyolo | Ukufaka umquba nokufaka umanyolo kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokukhula. Amakhambi akhethekile we-liquid wezitshalo eziqhakazayo afanele. |
| Ukufakelwa kwePassiflora | Ukudluliselwa akunconywa kaningi ukwedlula yonke iminyaka emi-2-3. Isikhathi esifanele ngu-Ephreli. |
| Ukuzala | Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngezihlahla ezisikiwe, izimpondo, imbewu. |
Izici eziyinhloko zokukhula kwe-passionflower othandweni lwakhe lokukhanya kwelanga kanye nomswakama, ukwesaba okusalungiswa okuqinile nesidingo sokwesekwa. Ngaphandle kokukhanya okwanele, lesi sitshalo sizoma ngokushesha ukuqhakaza futhi siphulukane nomphumela waso wokuhlobisa. Igumbi lapho lukhula khona i-passionflower, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele livikeleke emimoyeni enamandla.
I-Liana ingatshalwa ezitsheni ezilengayo, kufanelekile ukudala izimbali ezimbala, obhasikidi nezinye izingoma.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuqhakaza okuhle kakhulu, ngaphezu kokukhanya nomswakama, ukuthenwa okungapheli kuyadingeka. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuphela, amahlumela anciphile, abo nyakenye basuswe ngokuphelele, ngeke kube nezimbali kuwo ngonyaka omusha.
Ukunakekelwa kwePassiflora ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe
Izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali
Izimbali ezinhle ezinhle, ezinkulu, eziqhakazile yilokho i-passionflower edume ngayo. Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya akudingi amakhono akhethekile, isimo esiyinhloko ukukhanya okuningi. Lapho-ke lesi sitshalo siyojabulisa kulo lonke ihlobo ngenqwaba yezimbali nokushintshwa okuqhubekayo kwesihlahla esinye emva kwesinye.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, izimbali ezingamaPassiflora ezinamaphiko amahlanu, afana nesibhakabhaka esikhulu esimile, zingaba nombala obomvu okhanyayo, opinki, onsomi, onsomi, umbala omhlophe. Ngaphezu kwezithako eziphambili, kwakhiwa umqhele owengeziwe wemicu ecezwini, elihluke ngombala kwelokuqala. Maphakathi kwale nkanyezi ekhanyayo engu-5 ekhanyayo ne-pestle yama-size osayizi ahlaba umxhwele.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-passionflower zikhiqiza iphunga elimnandi, elimnandi. Lapho kuphakama izimbali, izithelo zakhiwa, ezinye zazo ziyadliwa. Ekhaya, impova ingenziwa ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ibhulashi bese udlulisa ngokucophelela impova usuka kwenye imbali uye kwenye.
Imodi yokushisa
IPassiflora ekhaya idinga ukufudumala. Izinkomba ezincane ebusika yi-12-13ºС, ephezulu - 17-18ºС. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ukufafaza kuyekiwe.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile ehlobo ngu-17-25ºС.
Ukufafaza
I-passiflora yasemakhaya ingakhula esimeni sezulu esomile, kepha ubukhulu bekhula nezimbali zizokwehla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukusifafaza njalo, ikakhulukazi eduze kwemishini yokufudumeza, futhi futhi ubeke imbiza ezifuleni zamanzi ezimanzi.
Inkomba yokuntuleka komoya okunganele yokomiswa kwamaphethelo amaqabunga.
Isibani
Isimo esikhulu nesisemqoka sokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside ukubonakaliswa okwanele kokukhanya kwelanga okungenani amahora angama-4-5 ngosuku.
Ilungele amawindi aseningizimu, ama-balcony, ama-verandas ane-shading ukukhanya. Izinhlangothi ezisentshonalanga nezisempumalanga nazo kufanelekile ukulinyelwa, kodwa-ke akufanele uthele ukuqhakaza okunyakazayo. Kwabanikazi bamawindi asenyakatho, i-passionflower ngeke ibe yinto nje yomvini ovuthiwe, oluhlaza. Ukuqhakaza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo akunakwenzeka.
Ebusika, izinhlobo eziningi ze-passionflower ziyayeka ukuqhakaza, iya kophumula. Kodwa futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingakwazi ukuqhubeka ziqhakaza ebusika, kepha ngenxa yalokhu kumele zifudumale futhi zikhanye kakhulu.
Ukunisela
I-Passiflora imbali ekhaya inisela kakhulu kaningi. Kepha umswakama owedlula wonke kufanele uvikeleke, ukuvikela ukuqongelwa kwamanzi ngokweqile epanini. Ukunisela okunganele kugcwala ngokuncipha kwenani lezimbali, izintethe, amaqabunga aphuzi, noma amaqabunga awayo ngokuphelele. Kodwa lezi zibonakaliso aziveli ngokushesha, kodwa kuphela ngokuphulwa okuhleliwe kwezimo zokunakekelwa.
Ebusika, uma izinga lokushisa elisendlini lingaphezu kwe-20-24C, ukuchelela izitshalo akunakuncishiswa kakhulu.
Inhlabathi yePassiflora
Izintandokazi kufanele zinikezwe ukuxuba okwenziwe ngomumo okwenzelwe izitshalo eziqhakazayo: begonias, lime, senpolia. Bacebise ngomquba ojwayelekile. Inhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane, ikhishwe kahle futhi ingaphefumula.
Ungazilungiselela isihlokwana wena. Isisekelo yi-sheet yomhlaba, i-humus, isihlabathi, ne-turf kuyenezelwa kukho. Ikulungele kahle ukutshala kwe-passionflower hydroponics.
Umanyolo nomanyolo
Lapho kuqala inkathi yokukhula, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe i-passiflora ukuze ivundiswe. Kulokhu, noma iyiphi ingubo yamaminerali eyinkimbinkimbi noma e-organic top kufanelekile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okusebenzayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga amalungiselelo ngenani elikhulu le-potassium ekwakhiweni. Ukuthambisa kwenziwa kabili ngenyanga.
Ukufakelwa kwePassiflora
Imbali idinga ukufakelwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3 ngo-Ephreli. Kepha musa ukwandisa ngokuqinile usayizi wembiza. Lokhu ngeke kuqede isidingo sokufakelwa okwalandela futhi kuzovusa ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande kuwo wonke umhlabathi. IPassiflora ngeke iqhume ngalesi sikhathi. Umthamo omncane uyifanele.
Eduze kwembiza, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukwesekwa lapho i-liana izogobeka khona futhi ikhule. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izofaka zonke izinto ezizungezile abahlangabezana nayo endleleni. Inketho enhle kakhulu yokwesekwa ileli elenziwe ngoqalo noma ngeplastiki, indandatho yensimbi.
Ama-willow aqoshiwe futhi anezimpande alungile njengokwesekwa nokwakha amalungiselelo amahle wezimbali, kodwa kufanele avuselelwe minyaka yonke.
Ungayinquma kanjani i-passiflora?
IPassiflora idinga ukuklanywa njalo. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, kunyakenye kuyasuswa kanti imivimbo ekhule phakathi nobusika iyancishiswa. Isitshalo sonke sinqunywe ngaphezu kwesigamu. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, kuyadingeka ukuthi unqamule uphelelwe amandla futhi ungabonakali, amahlumela angenamaqabunga. Ukuncipha kungama-3-5 cm ukusuka esisekelweni.
Akudingekile ukufinyeza i-liana ngokweqile, lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlisweni kwengxenye yesistimu yezimpande.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Ukuziphatha kwe-passiflora ebusika kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo. Kulezo zinhlobonhlobo eziyeka ukuqhakaza futhi ziphonse amaqabunga, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo zokuphumula. Ukusuka maphakathi ekwindla kuze kube sekupheleni kobusika, ashiywe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle endaweni yokushisa ye-15-18C, enisela ngokulinganayo futhi awafaki isicelo somanyolo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Passiflora
Ukusakazeka kwesitshalo kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningi.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Passiflora ngokusika
Sika kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi nehlobo, isiqu esinamaqabunga ama-2-3 sicwiliswa emanzini amasonto angama-2-2 futhi sinikeze ukukhanya okuhle kosuku nokukhanya okufakwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzothatha izimpande. Ngaphezu kwamanzi, ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele lwenziwa ngempumelelo engxube ye-sand-peat.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, emaphethelweni wezinsimbi abulawa amagciwane, faka umlotha wezinkuni nesiqinisi sendlela yokwakhiwa kwezimpande. Ngemuva kokuntywilisela isibambo, inhlabathi iyaniselwa, imbozwe nge-polyethylene futhi ishiywe endaweni efudumele emazingeni okushisa angama-21- 26ºº izinsuku ezingama-25- 35. Phambilini, izimpande zingangezwa ku-substrate.
Ukusheshisa ukwakheka kwezimpande kuzosiza ukufudumeza phansi kwembiza ngesibambo, ungasebenzisa i-mini-greenhouse. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokubamba imbala, i-polyethylene ivulwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kungene umoya omncane, inhlabathi iyophuziswa, bese ihlumela lifafazwa ngamanzi afudumele.
Khula Passiflora kusuka kuSeed
Ukutshala imbewu kwenziwa ekupheleni kobusika. Zibhajwe ngaphambi kwe-sandpaper noma zimbozwe amahora angama-20- 24 ujusi kalamula. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu ibekwa engxenyeni esekwe enhlabathini yamaqabunga, isihlabathi, i-humus ne-peat, eniselwe, embozwe ngengilazi futhi ishiywe endaweni efudumele ekushiseni kwama-23-25 ° C amasonto angama-3-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbewu iyaqhuma. Izithombo ezinamaqabunga amabili zikulungele ukukhetha.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izimpawu ezilandelayo zibonisa ukuwohloka kwesimo sempilo se-passiflora:
- IPassiflora ishiya isontekile, iba ithambile - isitshalo siyabanda;
- Amacembe amaPassiflora aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe - isizathu ukushisa okuphansi, ukuthambisa okwanele;
- Amathiphu amaqabunga ama-Passiflora omile - IPassiflora ayinakho umswakama komoya noma ukuthambisa;
- IPassiflora ikhula kancane - ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo noma ukukhanyisa okungekuhle;
- IPassiflora ayiqhakaza - ukukhanya okuncane, i-nitrogen eyeqile kumanyolo, imbiza enkulu kakhulu;
- Ukujikeleza isiqu - Ukunisela ngokweqile.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kokuthenga i-passionflower, ilahle zonke izimbali. Le yimithelela yengcindezi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lesi sitshalo sizoqhakaza futhi.
Ngaphezu kwezifo, i-passionflower itholakala ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane: ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-whiteflies, ama-thrips.
Izinhlobo ze-Passiflora eyenziwe ekhaya enesithombe namagama
IPassiflora eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Uhlobo lwemidiliya olungatheneki futhi lubanzi kunazo zonke, olufinyelela kumamitha ayi-9 ubude. Iqhakaza kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, ama-elemende amakhulu, aze afike ku-10 cm, amhlophe noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
IPassiflora iyashintsha
Iziqu kanye namaqabunga ale nhlobo ambozwe ngefreyimu ebucayi. Izimbali zinkulu, cm cm ubukhulu, umhlophe, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, pinki, onsomi shades. Izithelo ziyindilinga.
Isithambisi esinamaphiko
Enye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke enomvini onamandla nezimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo kufika ku-12 cm. Iqhakaza kahle kakhulu futhi ichichima, kepha kuphela ngemfudumalo nokukhanya okwanele. Izithelo zinephunga elishiwoyo.
Inyama ebomvu yePassiflora
Ibanga elingathandeki. Inezici zokupholisa, zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinye izinto zokulwa. Iyakwazi ukudambisa izinhlungu zobuhlungu nokuqina kwemisipha, ukuqeda ukuqwasha, ukusaba, ukuqinisa umfutho wegazi, nokuthambisa. Ikhula ngobude ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Izimbali zingaba nemibala ehlukene.
Isithsithisi esidliwayo
Ihluka ngokuthi ngemuva kokuvundelwa, kwakheka izithelo ezidliwayo kuso - izithelo zothando. Izimbali eziqhakaza ezinkulu, ezinhle, ezimhlophe kuze kufinyelele ku-7 cm ezinama-stamens onsomi angajwayelekile onsomi. Ekhaya, izithelo zitholakala nge-impova yokufakelwa, eminyakeni embalwa emva kokutshala. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuzithambisa, futhi zilungele ikhaya.
Manje kufundwa:
- Ivy - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe
- I-Fuchsia - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, isithombe
- I-Dieffenbachia ekhaya, ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha, isithombe
- I-Ficus ingcwele - ekhula futhi inakekelwa ekhaya, isithombe
- I-Chlorophytum - ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe
