Izaqathe kuyisitshalo esingenakuzithoba ukuthi noma yimuphi umlimi angakwazi ukusingatha. Kodwa-ke, le mifino enhle ayifuni kahle emhlabathini ompofu, ngakho kufanele ukondle izaqathe ukuze ikhule inkulu, ebushelelezi futhi enomnandi.
Abaningi bakhetha amakhemikhali kumakhambi omuntu wesitolo, isipiliyoni esiqinisekisiwe sabalimi abaningi.
Okulandelayo, cabangela ukuthi yini ongayidla emva kokuhluma, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezingasetshenziswa.
Luhlobo luni lomanyolo oluhlukile kulo esitolo?
Amakhambi omphakathi angama-fertilizer angenasipiliyoni ahlolwe ngabalimi abaningi. Ngokungafani namakhomikhali asezimboni, zilungiselelwe kusuka emfucumfuceni (ukudla, ingadi), noma zithengwe, kodwa hhayi esikhungweni esithile segadi, kodwa esitolo esivamile noma ekhemisi. Lezi yizinto ezingezona ukudla okusemthethweni, kodwa, ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, unomphumela oyifunayo ezitshalweni.
Yini engcono ukuyisebenzisa?
Nakuba abalimi abaningi bengathandi ukusebenzisa "amakhemikhali" ekudleni izaqathe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kokubili amakhambi omuntu kanye namanyolo ezimboni adlala indima yawo. Ukuze uqhathanise, sebenzisa ithebula.
| Izinketho zokuqhathanisa | Izitshalo zokuthenga (ezimbonini) | Amakhambi omphakathi |
| Izindleko | Ezibizayo noma ezishibhile | Aphansi |
| Ingozi kubantu | Udidi oluyingozi lwezinga eliphezulu kuye ngokuthi izidakamizwa | Iphephile uma isetshenziswe kahle |
| Umthelela womhlabathi | Iphelile | Ungadli |
| Isibuko sesenzo | Ukugxila | Wide |
| Nini okufanele usebenzise | Uma kudingekile ukwengeza isici esithile enhlabathini ngobuningi obucacisiwe | Uma kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo kanye nenani lomsoco wenhlabathi yonke. |
Yini engadla isitshalo sezitshalo emva kokuhluma futhi ngesinye isikhathi?
Yini engayinisela imifino yokukhula okuhle? Ukuze ukondle izaqathe isetshenziswa amakhambi ahlukene abantu.
Usawoti
Ukwawoti wasejinini (i-sodium chloride) abalimi sebeye basebenzisa isikhathi eside ukulondoloza imibhede. Usawoti usiza ukushabalalisa ngokushesha izakhi zomhlabathi, ngakho izaqathe zizithatha ngokuphelele.
Umphumela ubonakala ikakhulukazi enhlabathini empofu - ngemuva kokuthi imibhede ibiliswe usawoti, izaqathi zikhula zibe mnandi kubo. Kodwa-ke, usawoti ngokwawo awunenzuzo enkulu.
Imvubelo
Imvubelo ka Baker isifungulu esincane kakhulu, lapho ichithwa emanzini, ifihla izinto ezisheshisa ukwanda kwamaqathe ezinqotweni. Babuye bakhulise umsebenzi wama-bacteria anenzuzo emhlabathini, ngenxa yokuthi izimila eziphilayo zidilizwa kahle futhi zikhishwa i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus.
Esenzweni sabo, imvubelo yesibungu ifana nezidakamizwa ze-EM, kodwa ishibhile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwemvubelo kungenzeka kuphela emhlabeni oshisayo. Futhi uma usebenzisa lesi sigqoko sonke isikhathi, inhlabathi izolahlekelwa yizinto eziphilayo futhi izoba mpofu futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, imvubelo ithatha i-potassium ne-calcium.
Ash
I-Ash ikhiqizwa ngokushisa okuthile. Ensimini usebenzisa i-ash ash. Iqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo (potassium, calcium, iron, sulfur, magnesium, boron, phosphorus).
- Uma ulungisa umlotha ovela enkuni olukhuni (oki, larch, poplar), khona-ke kuyoba ne-calcium eningi.
- Futhi uma ukhula oluvuthayo (ukolweni utshani, utshani) umanyolo luyoba nomthamo omkhulu we-potassium.
Lezi zinto ziyadingeka izaqathe ngesikhathi sokutshala imifino yezimpande.
I-Ash iyadingeka lapho ikhula izaqathe emhlabathini onobuthi (okuyinto isiko engathandi kakhulu), ngoba yandisa izinga lama-alkali kuwo.
Ukungalungi komanyolo kubandakanya ikhono lokunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-phosphate ngezitshalo, ngakho-ke umlotha kufanele usetshenziswe ngokwehlukana nokuphakelayo okuqukethe i-phosphorus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunconywa ukuba usebenzise emhlabathini onamandla o-alkali.
Iodine
Into equkethe amakristalu amnyama negrey ne-luster metallic luster. Kuthengiswa kuma-pharmacy ngesimo somsoco omnyama esingu-5% nesiphunga esithile. Ukunisela nge-iodine kwandisa isivuno sezinqathe, kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kanye nombala wezitshalo zezimpande.
Kokungabonakali kungabonakala ukuthi ubuthi bubi kubantu. Futhi ku izaqathe, uma umthamo we-iodine uphakeme kakhulu, amaqabunga angahle aphuzi.
Nciphisa ukumnika
Ukwehlisa ukuthungatha kuqukethe eziningi ze-nitrogen nensimbi futhi isetshenziselwa ngokushesha emva kokuhlwanyela izaqathe, ukuze isitshalo sibe namahlamvu aqinile kakhulu ayohlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo ezimpandeni.
Ungamanzi izaqathe nge ukumnika kwenambuzane phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ukuze ungakhuli futhi "imifino" imifino ukulimaza izimpande.
Korovyak
Udoti lwezinkomo, noma i-mullein, kwandisa okuqukethwe kwama-humus enhlabathini futhi kuqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ukuze izaqathe: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium nezinye.
I-Mullear ingasetshenziselwa izaqathe kuphela nge-ukumnika nokulingana okuncane, ngoba okweqile kwalokhu kumanyolo ophilayo kungabangela ukubola kwezitshalo.
Izinkukhu zezinkukhu
Ukwakhiwa kombhede kufaka phakathi i-potassium, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium. Ukwandisa isivuno sezinqathe, futhi ngenxa yesenzo esisheshayo sikwazi "ukondla" imibhede yelrotro iminyaka emithathu emva kokusebenza.
Izinkinga zihlanganisa ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa okusha - Umquba wezinkukhu ongahlanganisiwe uqukethe i-uric acid eningi, engashisa isanqante izimpande.
Umquba
Lo umanyolo utholakala yi-pereplevaniya udoti ophilayo kanye nemfucuza engadini. Ngenxa yokulungiswa okufanele, iphenduka ama-humus - ungqimba olungokwenyama olunama microorganisms anenzuzo.
Umquba ungasetshenziswa ukutshala imibhede yezaqathe ekwindeni uma ugoba, kanye ne-mulch. Umquba ukhululekile, kodwa kudinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo ukulungiselela.
Uhlu lwamakhomikhali alinakusetshenziswa
Yini engakunconywa ukuthi isondle isivuno sempande, ngoba ikhula kancane noma ingabi nhlobo? Imifino enhle isabela kahle kumanyolo, kodwa amanye awo kufanele asetshenziswe ngokucophelela noma cha nhlobo:
- akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa imibhede ngomquba omusha, ngenxa yocingo elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezinqotweni, iphuzu lokukhula "lishisa" futhi liba "limpondo" (impande ihlukaniswe emibili noma ifomu izinqubo ezonakalisa ukubukeka kwayo futhi zenze ukuhlanza kube nzima), okuncane okuhlwabusayo futhi okugciniwe kahle ;
- Izitshalo zomsuka nazo ziba nezingenangqondo, uma ngesikhathi sokukhula izaqathe zineqile ngamanyolo ane nitrogen eningi.
Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step: indlela yokudla imifino?
Amakhambi amaningi abantu asetshenziselwa ifomu elilodwa, ngakho-ke ukulungiselela ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyodinga:
- ingilazi isigamu-litre noma ilitha imbiza yokulungiselela ukugxila;
- ibhakede lesisombululo sokusebenza;
- amaglavu angatholi izandla zakho zingcolile;
- isipuni noma uqoqe ukukala inani elidingekayo lempahla.
Cabanga, ngumuphi umthamo, ngandlela-thile, ngasiphi isikhathi senkathi ekhulayo nokuthi kaningi kangakanani odinga ukwenza ukugqoka okwenziwa ngabantu.
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Indlela yokupheka | Ngakanani / kanjani ongakwenza | Nini ukwenza | Zingaki izikhathi futhi ngeliphi isikhathi |
| Usawoti | 1 tbsp. qhafaza uketshezi kasawoti ku-10 l amanzi | Imibhede yangaphambi kahle kahle | NgoJulayi no-Agasti, lapho izimpande zakhiwa | Isikhathi esingu-1 |
| Imvubelo | 0.5 kg yemvubelo ngamalitha angu-2.5 wamanzi afudumele + isigamu sendebe yomlotha. Ikhambi lihlanjululwe ngamanzi 1:10 | Umsuka wokugqoka | Entwasahlobo emva kokuhluma ukusheshisa ukukhula kobumnyama obuhlaza, emva kwamasonto amathathu naphakathi kuka-Agasti | Izikhathi ezingu-3 |
| Ash |
|
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| Izikhathi ezingu-2 |
| Iodine | Amaconsi angu-20 kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi | I-water aisle | Ngo-May, emva kokuhluma | Isikhathi esingu-1 |
| Nciphisa ukumnika | Esikhathini esingama-200-litre emgqonyeni 2/3 inambuzane, amanzi ayi-1/3 | Amanzi ngaphansi komsuka | Ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo | Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi zamasonto onke |
| Korovyak | Ukumnika 1:10, gcizelela isonto | I-water aisle | Ngemuva kokuqothula futhi emva kwamasonto amathathu | 2 izikhathi emavikini amathathu |
| Izinkukhu zezinkukhu | Dissolve emanzini 1:20, faka izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphandle | Amanzi phakathi kwemigqa | NgoJuni, 2 amasonto emva kokuhluma | Izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngekhefu lamaviki amabili |
| Umquba | Spread phezu kombhede, hlanganisa nomhlabathi noma usakaze esiteshini | 6-8 kg ngehora elilodwa2 | Ekwindla ngaphansi kokumba noma njengendwangu | 1 isikhathi noma phakathi nenkathi |
Ukuvimbela umonakalo empandeni yizinambuzane
Usawoti usiza:
- kusuka ezimpukeni zezinqamu (amanzi kasikhombisa ngekhefu lamasonto amabili, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, ngokukhula kancane kancane ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo: 300 g ngehora elilodwa lamanzi, bese kuthi u-450 g ngalinye li-1 l amanzi, bese kuthi kube ngu-600 g), emva kwalokho kufanele uchithe umbhede ngamanzi ahlanzekile;
- kusuka ku-slugs - fafaza umbhede ngekhambi le-10% likasawoti.
I-ash yokuvimbela isetshenziselwa kanye nogwayi ugwayi noma ukumnika ugwayi:
- kusuka ezimpukeni zezinqamu - hlanganisa u-ash nogwayi u-1: 1 bese uhlakazeka ngemigqa ngesilinganiso esingu-5-10 g ngehora elilodwa2;
- kusuka ohlwini - usakaze umlotha phakathi kwemigqa, uthele ugwayi ovela phezulu.
Amaphutha akhona
Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwamakhambi omuntu wokondla izaqathe akusizi nje kuphela isitshalo, futhi kuyalimaza. Amaphutha avamile:
- amanani amakhulu kakhulu omanyolo - ukunambitheka kwesitshalo sempande kuyoba kubi nakakhulu, ngeke ukwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside;
- ukugqoka okwesibhakabhaka phezulu emshini ekushiseni - amaqabunga e-carrot angashiswa ngamaconsi amanzi elangeni;
- ukusetshenziswa komquba omusha noma amanani amakhulu kakhulu omanyolo ophilayo - izintonga zikhula kakhulu ukuze zilimale izitshalo zezimpande (ziba ngalingani).
Aftercare: Ngidinga ukunisela imifino?
Emva kokufaka umquba, imibhede yelrotro kumele iphuze, izinto ezingenakusizo zingeke zifakwe ngaphakathi enhlabathini, futhi zikhulule izinsizakalo.
Ukuze izakhamuzi zehlobo ezingamkeli i-chemistry engadini yazo, ukudla izaqathe namayeza omuntu kungaba yindlela enhle yokuphuma. Phela, ziyatholakala, zingabizi, ziphephile. Kuzodingeka ukuthi unike isikhathi esithile sokulungiselela umanyolo wasekhaya, kodwa ngeke usheshe uchithe-izitshalo ezinkulu, ezimnandi ezizothola.
