I-Delphinium isitshalo esimibalabala somndeni we-buttercup. Inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400, phakathi kwazo kukhona ezinonyaka nezingapheli. Owesibili ukwakheka kwezimpande okunamandla ngokwengeziwe, ukukhuthazela, ukuzithoba. Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangamanye amagama: i-larkpur, i-spur, ukhukhunathi, izindlebe ze-hare.
Izici zokukhula kwe-delphinium yonyaka
I-delphinium yindabuko yaphakade eTranscaucasia nase-Asia Minor. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ikhula ekuphakameni kusuka kuma-40 cm kuye kuma-2 m. Ezindaweni zegadi kungumhlobiso wokubukeka komhlaba, ezinye izinhlobo zikhuliswa ukuze kutholakale imikhiqizo yezokwelapha. Isitshalo sibonisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimbali, kusuka kokulula kuya kokuphindwe kabili. Iphalethi yemibala nayo ibanzi.
Iziza ezivikelwe emoyeni ziyathandeka ekukhuleni. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo, iphuzu elibuthakathaka kakhulu liyingxenye engezansi yesiqu ezimpandeni. Ezindongeni ezinamandla zomoya, izimbali zingase ziphule.
I-Delphinium isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba
I-Delphinium ikhula kahle kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha ikhetha ukuphefumula. Uma isiza singumhlabathi we-clayey, kuzodingeka ukuthi sikhululwe njalo. Isitshalo asikubekezeleli umswakama okweqile, ngakho-ke siniselwa njalo, kepha ngokulinganisa. Ngesikhathi sokusetha ama-buds, inani lamanzi lenyuka kancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufakwa umquba we-potash noma we-phosphorus.
Ekulinyelweni kwe-delphinium, kunesici esisodwa: uma isendaweni efanayo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-4, ubungozi bokulimala kwesitshalo ngezifo ezahlukahlukene luyanda. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukufakela izimbali njalo eminyakeni engama-4-5. Kepha abalimi abaningi abazinaki lezi zeluleko futhi bazikhulise ngempumelelo endaweni eyodwa amashumishumi eminyaka.
Ngabe isitshalo lesi sisilungelelela siphi isimo sezulu?
I-perennial delphinium ibonakala ngokuqina kobusika obuhle, ekwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa lize liye ku-40 ° C. Inconyelwe ukulinyelwa esifundeni esiseningizimu nasenyakatho. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, izimbali eziphindaphindwayo kungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika iziqu zezimbali ngemuva kokuqeda okokuqala. Enkabeni yeRussia, inkathi yokuqala yezimbali iqala maphakathi noJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, kanti eyesibili kungenzeka ekwindla.
Lapho ukhule ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esinzima, umuntu udinga ukwesaba kakhulu hhayi iqhwa nenhlabathi ebandayo, kodwa ngamawele. Iqiniso ngukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande zalesi sitshalo luseduze kobuso bomhlaba. Esikhathini sokuvela kwezigodi namathanga ancibilikile kungavunguza. Ngalesi sizathu, esifundeni esiseMpumalanga Ekude nasenyakatho, i-delphinium itshalwe kangcono emhlabathini ophakeme.
I-Delphiniums izizwa kahle ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isifunda sase-Ural sithathwa njengendawo yezolimo enobungozi, ama-delphiniums akhula kahle lapha futhi aqhakaza kabili ngonyaka. Kepha okuhle kunakho konke abakuzwayo eningizimu. Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indawo yokutshala isitshalo. Kusukela emisebeni yelanga evuthayo, ingabuna, ngakho udinga isiza esisemthunzini engxenyeni eshisayo yosuku.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ezinezithombe
E-Russia, nzalo esekelwe eDelphinium elatum kanye ne-Delphinium Grandiflorum zikhule ikakhulu. Zonke azikhukhumali futhi zisakazwa kahle ngembewu. Inethiwekhi yokuhweba inikeza izinhlobo eziningi ze-delphiniums ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ezinezimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili.
Izinhlobonhlobo zisatshalaliswa ngokuya ngobude bama-peduncle, umbala wazo, ukwakheka nosayizi wezimbali. Kulokhu, hlukanisa:
- nzalo ephezulu - 170-250 cm (izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200);
- maphakathi - 130-170 cm;
- mncane - kufika ku-130 cm.
Ama-hybrids amahle kakhulu ePacific, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyishumi nambili. Lezi zitshalo zihlukaniswa ukukhula okuphezulu (kusuka ku-180 cm), ama-inflorescence e-chic pyramidal, izimbali ezinkulu. Kuleli qembu lezitshalo, abaningana baqanjwa ngamagama weCamotot.
Elinye iqembu elikhulu yiMafa nzalo. Babelwa ngumfuyi ohlala esifundeni saseMosino eMosino. Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-delphinium ngezithombe ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza:
- IBlack Knight (iBlack Knight). Isitshalo esinezimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili futhi ezinemibala ephindwe kabili yombala onsomi onsomi. Iqhakaza isikhathi eside futhi inala, ikhetha izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle yilanga nenhlabathi evundile.
Amaphekuthi amade futhi amaningi athokozile ama-Black Knight ahlukahlukene
- I-Double Innocence (New Zealand Delphinium). Imbali enhle, enhle, enesiqu esiqondile esifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-130. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, imbozwe ngokubabazekayo ngezimbali ezimhlophe eziphindwe kabili nobubanzi obungu-4 cm. Kusebusika-bukqinile ngokwanele: bungabekezelela iqhwa lize liye ku-35 ° C.
Imbali yase-New Zealand delphinium inama-petals angama-21
- I-Atlantis (Atlantis). Enye yezinhlobo ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ezingathembi. Ihlaba umxhwele ngezimbali zayo ezinkulu eziluhlaza okotshani. I-Srednerosly, kuze kufike ku-1 m ukuphakama, ama-inflorescence amade, ama-pyramidal. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani omnandi.
I-Atlantis delphinium engathembeki nge-inflorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingenye yezinhlobo ezinokwethenjelwa
- INkosi u-Arthur Isitshalo esiphakathi nendawo, esifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-150. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nendawo emhlophe. Ubusika obuqinile, obungakhubeki, buthanda inhlabathi ekhanyelwe kahle.
I-delphinium ye-King Arthur ephakathi nendawo ayizethembi futhi ibekezelela kalula amaqhwa
- I-Belladonna - (Delphinium belladonna). Izinhlobo eziwukuphela kwezimbali zazo ezilengiswe ku-peduncle. Njengokuzithoba futhi okumangazayo njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo.
Okunhlobonhlobo iBelladonna igqame phakathi kwezinye izimbali ezilengayo
Izindlela Zokutshala nokusakaza
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokutshala i-delphinium yaphakade yezithombo:
- ngembewu;
- ukusika;
- ukwahlukanisa isihlahla.
Zonke zikhiqiza impela futhi sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziswa ekuziphatheni kwamasiko.
Ukukhula i-delphinium yonyaka kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Izindlela ezintathu ezikhathaza kakhulu zezindlela ezintathu zokuzalela imbewu. Ukuze uthole izithombo ze-delphinium ekuqaleni kwesizini efudumele, ukutshala imbewu kwenziwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Le ndlela yinhle ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukukhulisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-delphinium enembewu yakhe etholakala kwezentengiso noma evela kubafuyi bezitshalo.
Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo ze-delphinium kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufika:
- izithombo ekhaya;
- endaweni evulekile.
Inhlabathi kumele ibe lula, i-acidic encane, ixege. Kumele kukhishwe amagciwane. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu:
- Isivumelwano semizuzu eminingana ku-microwave ngamandla aphezulu;
- Thela isisombululo se-fungicide noma i-potanganum permanganate.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu igcinwa endaweni epholile. Inhlabathi ibekwa kusetshenziswa izinzipho ezimanzi, endaweni eyi-15-20 mm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Fafaza kancane ngenhlabathi bese ufafaza ngamanzi avela endaweni yokufafaza engadini. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 ngemuva kokutshala.
- Lapho amahlumela efika ku-3-4 cm, dive. Ngokufanayo, uma imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukunaka! Kunokungafani kokusakazeka kwembewu: uma ihlwanyelwa endaweni evulekile ngaphambi kobusika, ama-nzalo kungenzeka angaphindi izimpawu zezitshalo zomama. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuguquguquka kwezikhathi zokuqanda nokubuna kuthinta ushintsho kumaseli wesitshalo esenziwe ngokwenziwe.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ama-Delphinium cuttings atholakala ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, lapho amahlumela esitshalo ekhula ngo-10 cm, aveza ingxenye yezimpande;
- anqume ihlumela ngommese obukhali ukuze abambe uhlelo lwezimpande.
- Isiqu esidlulayo sitshalwe endaweni ene-shaded ukuya ekujuleni kuka-2-3 cm, siniselwe futhi simbozwe ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20, imbali izoba nezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho ingatshalwa endaweni yokukhula njalo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo, isiqu se-delphinium kumele sigxile
Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush
Indlela elula futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke yokukhiqiza kabusha i-delphinium yonyaka ukuhlukanisa isihlahla. Inqubo iqukethe izigaba eziningana:
- bamba isitshalo;
- hlanza kahle izimpande zomhlaba;
- usike ngommese obukhali ube izingxenye, lapho kufanele kube khona ihlumela noma izinso;
- otshaliwe emhlabathini.
Ukunakekelwa kwengadi
Ukunakekela ihlengethwa iminyaka eminingi kulula futhi kubandakanya ukwenza izinto eziningana.
- Inhlabathi ezimpandeni iyakhululwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kanye nokomiswa kwamaqabunga sekuqediwe, isiqu sinqunywa nge-secateurs ukuze “isiphunzi” esingama-20-30 cm asele ngaphezulu komhlaba waphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho sifafazwe ngomhlaba ezinhlangothini zonke naku-spud.
Uma kuneqhwa eliningi esifundeni, umkhondo walesi simbozo ubambozwe ngodaka. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungena komswakama ezimpandeni nokubola kwawo ngokuqhubekayo.
Izinhlobo ezinde zidinga i-garter. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa ompompi bephepha, ngoba umugqa wokudoba noma i-twine ungagawula iziqu ezacile zesitshalo futhi uzilimaze. Ukunikeza ukuzinza okukhulu, kwenziwa ama-garters amabili: eyokuqala ekuphakameni okungama-40-50 cm, elesibili - lapho ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-100-120 cm.
Entwasahlobo, ukuvela kwethanga kuqhuma. Ngakho-ke hlinzeka isitshalo indawo yokuhlala. Uma izinhlobonhlobo zikhulu ngokugeleza, okungenani amahlumela amathathu asele, ezitshalweni ezincane ezinezimbali ezincane, zishiya i-7-10 ngayinye.
I-Delphiniums iphendula kahle ekugqokeni okuphezulu. Kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezi-3 ngesizini ngayinye:
- maphakathi nentwasahlobo baletha izinto eziphilayo;
- ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwengu-40 umanyolo wamaminerali ("Kemira Universal");
- ngesikhathi kusungulwa ama-buds, afafazwa ngesisombululo se-superphosphate ngesilinganiso sama-50 g nge-litre.
Iseluleko! Ukuze uvuselele ukuqhakaza okumangalisa ngokwengeziwe, amahlandla amaningi unisela izitshalo ngesixazululo se-boric acid.
Ngokuvimbela izifo ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, ukufafaza kwenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhunta esikhona.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo
I-perennial delphinium ayidingi ukunakwa okuningi. Lapho kulandelwa imithetho engenhla yokunakekelwa, isitshalo sikhula kahle futhi siqhume.
Ukutshala kweDolphinium akubizi
Kepha kusenenkinga eyodwa ekukhuleni lesi sitshalo. Siqukethe ukuhluma okungaphathekile kahle kwembewu, abalimi abaningi abakhalaza ngayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane engqubuzanayo imvamisa inikezwa emiyalweni yabakhiqizi bembewu.
Uma kungekho khono ekukhuleni kwe-delphinium, ungathembela eselulekweni sabalimi abanolwazi.
- Umhlaba wokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu uthathwa yinsimu eyisikhumba evamile. Hlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo nesihlabathi esihlanzekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi kungabikho peat enhlabathini, ezothuthukisa isikhunta.
- Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ibekwe emhlabathini, ifafaze ngengqimba yesihlabathi. Musa ukungcwaba emhlabathini.
- Balungiselela iqhwa esiqandisini bafafaze isitsha esinezinhlamvu kuzo. Lapho kuncibilika, umswakama uthwala imbewu ukujula okulungile. Bamboza isitsha ngefilimu yepulasitiki futhi bathuthele izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.
- Ngaphambi kokuvela, beka isitsha eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi. Ngokuqala kwamahlumela, adluliselwa endaweni efudumele, nekhanya kahle.
I-Delphinium ingatshalwa ngaphandle kokuhlupheka kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu saseRussia. Ngokuya ngemithetho yokunakekelwa kwalezi zitshalo, ziyojabulela ukuqhakaza kwazo kabili ngonyaka.
