I-Koleria iyisitshalo esihle esihlala isikhathi eside esibizwa ngokuthi i-herbaceous plant, ehlukaniswa nokulima okulula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo singathokozi ukuthandwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabalimi bezitshalo. Lesi isitshalo esiphambanayo esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sesimo se-oblong esinomphetho ogqamile kanye nezimbali ezingenasimweni ezinesimo sensimbi. Phakathi kwalabo abafisa izimbali kukhona amakhophi ngezimbali ezibomvu. Izimila ezinezimbali ezibomvu, i-maroon ne-orange zivame kakhulu.
Izimo ezifanele endlini yokutshala izitshalo
I-Koleriya ayizithobeki, ngakho-ke ngisho noma isazi sezimbali se-novice singabhekana nokulima nokunakekelwa kwayo. I-Kohleriy idonsela abatshali bezitshalo ngezimbali eziqhubekayo, kepha umphumela onjalo ungafinyelelwa kuphela uma kunezinye imithetho ezilula ezibonwayo.
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sijabulele ukukhula okukhulayo kanye nezimbali ezinomusa, kuzodingeka ukhethe indawo efanele imbali, ukuqinisekisa ukunisela okunamandla kwemibala, ukusika izihlahla nokulungisa. Kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhetha indawo yokufakwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ayikuthi ihlelwe yimidwebo.
Inhlabathi yesitshalo kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo: banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphelelwa amandla, ukuhleleka okuhle kwe-humidity kanye nokuswakama komswakama, futhi futhi babe ne-acidity ephansi.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
U-Koleriya akanenhlonipho ngokuphelele, kepha ukuze akhule ngendlela evamile, kuzodingeka akhethe indawo efanele endlini. Uzozizwa kahle kumazinga okushisa alinganisiwe kanye nomoya owanele umswakama.
I-Koleriya idinga ukukhanya, kodwa ayikubekezeli ilanga eliqondile. Ukuze isitshalo sithole ilanga elanele, izimbiza kufanele zifakwe kumafasitela asentshonalanga noma empumalanga.
Akufanele ubeke lesi sitshalo kumafasitela asezindaweni ezisenyakatho, njengoba uzobhekana nokuntuleka kokukhanya, kanti eningizimu uzothola okungaphezu kokujwayelekile, okuzophinde kube nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukiseni kwayo.
Imodi yokushisa: ihlobo-ebusika
Koleriya iyisitshalo sokushisa nesithandekayo. Ehlobo nasehlobo, kuzodinga ukushisa kwama-22 kuya ku-25 ° C. Kodwa ubusika bobubanzi kufanele bube khona ekushiseni kwe-15 ukuya ku-20 ˚C. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, kuzodingeka ukuthi wehlise izinga lokushisa ekamelweni kuya ku -12 ° C, ngoba kungenjalo umbala wezimbali uzoba mnandi.
Uyazi? Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule edlule, leli cote laziwa ngaphansi kwamagama "isooma" noma "tidea".Uma uhlakulela ikoloni ekushiseni okungaphezu kwama-25 ° C, ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwe-efihlekile kuzoqala esihlahleni, kanti uhlelo lwempande ngeke lube nesikhathi sokwenza, oluzokwenza ukuba amahlumela amasha ehlathini afe, kanti isitshalo ngokwaso sizobukeka sinamandla.
Okukhethekile kokunakekela ikhaya
I-Koleria, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo sezindlu, sidinga ukunakekelwa njalo kwenkampani kanye nokwaziswa kwamanye amaqhinga okukhiqizwa kwayo. Ngokubuyisela ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa, uzophendula ngezimbali ezikhululekile.
Indlela yokunisela: ihlobo-ubusika
Ukuze ukhule ngokujwayelekile, umbala udinga ukuchelela okusezingeni eliphezulu; ngale njongo, kusetshenziselwa amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela. Koleriya, naphezu kokubukeka okunethezeka, isitshalo esincane kakhulu futhi esingenakulinganiswa. Kodwa ukuze owesifazane omuhle abe nomuzwa omuhle, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uvela emahlathini ashisayo emahlathini, futhi lokhu kuzodinga ukuchelela okuvamile nokuphakama okusezingeni.
Yiqiniso, kuwubuwula ukwethemba ukuthi endlini ejwayelekile ungakwazi ukuvuselela isimo sezulu esivamile, kodwa ukuhlaziywa kwomoya okuhlelekile kuzokwenza ukuphila komzimba kube lula kakhulu.
I-Koleria izophendula ngezimbali ezisebenzayo uma uhlinzeka ngokunisela okukhululekile, ukuvikelwa kusuka kumashidi nokukhanya kwelanga.
Kubalulekile! Ukuchelela okulungile kuyisihluthulelo sokulima ukuphumelela kobubanzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza isiko ngobuningi bomswakama ngokwanele ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ngoba ukungabi khona kwayo kungabangela ukuba isiko sikhiphe i-ovary futhi sinqabe ngokweqile imbali.Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuchelela okunomusa. Ngesikhathi sokutshala isihlahla ehlobo kunesidingo sokuqinisekisa ngokucophelela ukuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni alumile.
Ekwindla nasebusika, imvamisa yokuphuza iyancishiswa: ukuchelela okulandelayo kuqhutshwa kuphela emva kokungena kwenhlabathi ebhodweni kumile kancane. Ngesikhathi ukulimala i-kaleriya, ukuphuza okuphansi kuphela kuvunyelwe, ngoba ingress of umswakama emaqabunga kungabangela ukunqotshwa kwabo ngokubola.
Umswakama womoya
Ngokuqondene ne-halo yendawo yokuhlala, i-koleria yilezi zitshalo ezithandayo umswakama, ngakho-ke ukutshala kwawo ekamelweni elinomoya odliwayo kuyoba nethonya elibi ekuthuthukiseni amahlathi. Uma uhlakulela imbali, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kakhulu futhi uqiniseke ukuthi umswakama awuwa phezu kwezimbali, iziqu kanye namahlamvu.
Ngenxa yokuthi sonke isitshalo sigcwele inqwaba encane, akukhuthazwa ukuba uyifake ngesipuni ukwandisa umswakama, kungcono kakhulu ukubeka ibhodwe yopende emgodini ogcwele ubumba obumanzi, noma ubeke isitsha ngamanzi eduze kwalo.
Futhi kuvunyelwe ukuba umane uphefule umoya ozungeze isitshalo nge spray.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kanye nomanyolo
I-Coleria idinga isingeniso esihlelekile semifuno, kanti ukufaka umanyolo kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni esiteji sezimbali. Izitshalo kufanele zenziwe kanye ngesonto, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwehlathi. Esikhathini esifushane, izitshalo azondliwe.
Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sitshalo sihlehlela ngendlela ehlelekile, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi inhlabathi igcwele i-calcium, futhi ukuze lesi sitshalo sikujabulise ngesibhakabhaka esivulekile, kuzodingeka ubeke umhlabathi ebhodweni.
Umquba wezitshalo zezimbali lapho i-nitrogen ne-potassium ikhona ngokulingana okulinganayo, kanti umthamo we-phosphorus ukwandiswa kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi uhlwanyele i-colli esiteji sesibhakabhaka. Okufanelekile, umanyolo uzolungiswa ngokwendlela ye-formula NPK = 20-50-20.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Coleria - isitshalo se-ampelnoy, esingahlwanyelwa ngendlela yesihlahla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhethwe kanjani, ukusika izihlahla kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile esisiza ukugcina isimo esinikeziwe futhi kunomthelela ekuvuselelweni kwesihlahla. Uma ungenzi ukucubungula okwesikhashana kobubanzi, khona-ke amahlumela ayo adonsela bese enza inombolo encane yezinyawo.
Ngesikhathi sokusika, zonke iziqu ezinomile, ezigulayo nezonakele ziyasuswa. Ukutshala izihlahla kwenza ithuluzi eliyinyumba. Ukunikeza isitshalo ukuma okuqondile, wonke amahlumela afinyelele ubude obungama-20 kuya ku-30 cm ancishiswe okwesithathu. Ukususa iziqongo zamahlumela kuyakhuthaza ukuthi isitshalo senze amahlamvu amancane.
Konke mayelana nokufakelwa kwe-koleriya ekhaya
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo zebanga kufakwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ngenxa yesilinganiso saso sokukhula. Ukuze kungabangela ukulimala, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzokwenzela nini ukufakelwa. Izitshalo zokutshala izitshalo ezisesiteji sokukhula okusebenzayo azivunyelwe ngokuphelele. Phatha kuphela amahlathi aphumayo.
Uyazi? Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 zobubanzi, kodwa kuphela izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezikhulile ekhaya.
Isikhathi esihle sokwenza lokhu kukhishwa ekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukufakelwa kwe-graft ngumcimbi onomthwalo wemfanelo.Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuxhaphaza kungalimazi isitshalo, kufanele usebenze ngokucophelela.
Kubalulekile! Kuyinto engathandeki ukuphazanyisa izitshalo ezisezingeni lokuqhuma, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuthi i-shrub ichithe yonke i-ovary.Uma ukufakelwa kabusha akusikiswanga ukugubha umhlaba kusukela ezimpandeni zesitshalo. Ngesikhathi kusetshenziselwa ukuxhaphazwa, udinga nje ukuhlela kabusha ngokucophelela isihlahla kanye ne-clock earthy endaweni entsha, kodwa hhayi imbiza ejulile.
Ukufika kuyenziwa e-substrate ehlanganisa ingxenye yendawo ye-sod, izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat, ingxenye eyodwa yomhlabathi omile kanye nengxenye yesihlabathi esihlanzekile ku-1x2x1x1. Esikhundleni somhlabathi wesihlabathi, ungasebenzisa i-vermiculite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, embizeni ngayinye udinga ukwengeza amalahle, okuzovimbela ukunqotshwa kwezimpande zezitshalo ezibola.
Izindlela zokuzalanisa kolerii
Koleriya iveza ngezindlela eziningana: ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes, ama-cuttings kanye nembewu. Lesi sitshalo sesandise ukwakheka kwezimpande, futhi ukuze uthole izicucu ezinempilo futhi ezinamandla, ungakwazi ukumane ubeke izingxenye zomuthi zesitshalo eziqhuma emanzini, futhi ngemuva kokuba izimpande zivele, zifake embizeni.
Isici sobubanzi buyinto yokuba khona. I-Reese - izimpande ezinwabuzelayo-njenge-stem ngaphansi komhlaba. Kuqiniswe ngoba isitashi sigcina kuwo; Amahlumela amasha kanye nezimpande zesitshalo zakhiwa kusuka e-rhizome nge-asexual path. Umehluko wama-rhizomes ezimpandeni ukuthi unamafihle, ama-node namaqabunga e-scaly. Kukhona ama-rhizomes emoyeni e-kolerii.
Uma utshala i-kolerii udinga ukukhetha usayizi webhodlela: inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu yokubona inhlabathi izothola, futhi ohlelweni oluncane lwempande ngeke lukwazi ukuthuthukisa ngendlela evamile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes
Ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes, indlela elula yokusakaza ikholoni yenziwa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze uthole izitshalo eziningana ezivela esihlahleni esisodwa, kufanele uhlukanise ngokucophelela ama-rhizomes zibe izingxenye eziningana bese uzihlanza ezitsheni ezintsha. Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izingxenye zibe nezimpande ezinempilo kanye nenani elanele lezimpande zokukhula okusebenzayo. 
Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings
Ukuxhunyelelwa ngamafutha kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuzalanisa. Ukuze uthole isitshalo esinempilo, udinga nje ukusika i-apical stalk bese ususa wonke amahlamvu kusuka phansi. Ukuthuthukisa ukubunjwa kwempande, kungenzeka ukwelapha ukusika nganoma iyiphi i-stimulator yezimpande uphinde ubeke ihlumela endaweni ye-peat-sand substrate. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanhlanu, lesi sitshalo sizothola izimpande zokuqala, futhi ngezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu kuzokwenza uhlelo oluyisisekelo esiphezulu. 
Imbewu yembewu
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu ngembewu kuyindlela enzima kakhulu. Ukwengeza, izitshalo ezitholakala ezihlwini zivame ukugcina izici zazo ezihlukahlukene.
Seeding kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Zivele zibekwe phezu kwe-substrate equkethe izingxenye ezilinganayo zesanti ne-peat. Ngemuva kokuba okusanhlamvu kutholakale, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngendlela ehlelekile nge-atomizer, futhi amandla ngokwayo ukugcina i-microclimate ezinzile ihlanganiswe nefilimu noma ingilazi.
Imbewu ihluma emasontweni amabili kuya kwangu-3. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo ziqinile, zifakelwa iziqukathi ezihlukene futhi zigcinwa phambili, njengama-adults specimens.
Izinambuzane, izinkinga nezinkinga ezikhona zebanga
I-Colerium imelana ngokulingana neziqu ezinambuzane nezinambuzane. Ngokuvamile, zonke izifo zakhe zibangelwa isifo sokunakekelwa.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kuvikelwe ukusakazwa kweziqu zokunakekelwa kwezidakamizwa lapho kukhula ezihlukahlukene ekhaya, kunconywa ukuba ususe ngobuhlungu wonke amahlumela abathintekile avela ehlathini.
Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezivela ekuhlaleni i-kalerii:
- Ukuntuleka kwezimbali kubonisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sibhekene nokungabi khona kwelanga noma izakhi. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngokulungisa kabusha isitshalo endaweni ekhanyisiwe futhi nokwethula ukudla.
- Ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama emaqabunga - ngenxa yokuchelela ngamanzi abandayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuchelela amahlathi kuvunyelwe kuphela ngamanzi ahlelwe kahle ekamelweni lokushisa.
- Ukwelula okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokugqithisa ngokweqile kwamahlumela - isitshalo sibhekene nokungabi nokukhanya kwe-UV. Ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwesitshalo kuzosiza ekushintsheni kwakhe endaweni elula.
- Ukuphihliza amaqabunga kuyisibonakaliso sehlathini esihlupheka ngenxa yokungabi nomswakama. Ukwandisa umswakama, faka iziqukathi zamanzi eduze kwembiza.
- Ukungafani kwamagqabi kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi izimpande zokhuni ziyathinteka yizimpande zokubola. Inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokutshala isitshalo enhlabathini entsha bese isusa ngokuphelele izimpande ezilimazayo.
- Ukushisa kwe-thermal kwenzeka lapho isihlahla sikhanyiswa ilanga eliqondile. Ukumisa ukuhlupheka kwesitshalo, mane uthuthele kwenye indawo, bese ususa amaqabunga awonakele.
- Ukubonakala kwe-gray plaque kubonisa ukutheleleka nge-oidium yamahlathi. Ukubhekana nalesi sifo kuzosiza ukwelashwa kwamaqabunga nge-sese namanzi.
