Abathengisi abaningi bathanda ukutshala izitshalo ezihlukaniswa ukuntuleka kwezimbali noma ukubukeka okubambekayo. Kuyinto efana nokuthi i-polypodium, i-millipede, ingabalelwa kuye. Abaningi baye bazwa inganekwane ye-fern, okuletha inhlanhla. Futhi manje ungabheka inganekwane ngokutshala isitshalo esingajwayelekile ekhaya lakho. Sizokutshela zonke izinhlobo ze-polypodium ukunakekelwa, kukusize ukhule isitshalo futhi usakaze.
Polypodium: Incazelo ye-Centipede Fern
Ukuzijwayeza nge-centipede kufanele kuqale ngencazelo. Polypodium - Isitshalo se-Squaty herbaceous, esingomndeni we-millipedes, sikhula emahlathini nasehlathini eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia, eNdiya naseNew Zealand.
Uyazi? EJalimane, i-polypodium ibizwa ngokuthi "impande enhle". Igama le-fern lalibangelwa ukuba khona kwe-rhizome ye-malic acid, i-glucose nama-saponins.
Uthando lubukeka kanjani?
Lesi sitshalo sinjengomkhumbi omkhulu wamanzi esakhiweni sendawo yangaphakathi. I-fern ine-rhizome enamagatsha amakhulu, okuvela kuwo amaqabunga avela emigqeni. Ayinayo i-stem, ngakho-ke zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic zenzeka entanyeni yempande nemilenze yamagatsha. I-polypodium ikhula ibe ngu-25 cm ukuphakama. Ubude obuningi bamaqabunga buyingamitha eyodwa. I-polypodium yenhlobo inezinhlobo ezingu-100, ezimelelwa yi-epiphytic (ekhulayo ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni) nangaphezulu kwama-ferns. 
Uma udinga imbali ekhula ngaphezulu ngobubanzi kunokuba ubude, kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo singokwakho. I-fern inokuphakama okuphezulu nobude bamaqabunga kakade ngonyaka wesine wokuphila, uma kuhlwanyelwe nezinhlamvu, noma ngonyaka wesithathu, uma kuxazululwe ngokwahlukana.
Okudingayo ukwazi mayelana nokufika kwe-polypodium
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-polypodium, kudingeka ucabange ngezimo zokuboshwa kanye nokukhethwa kwendawo yesitshalo. I-fern ihluke kwezimbali ezijwayelekile hhayi kuphela ekungabikho kwemifino nezimbali, kodwa futhi nesakhiwo somqhele nezimpande. Yingakho sizokhuluma ngokukhetha ibhodlela elifanele lokutshala, ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi nokubekwa kwembiza endlini.
Uyazi? I-polypodium yayibizwa ngokuthi "i-centipede" ngenxa yelungiselelo lomugqa wamaqabunga, afana nemilenze emincane.
Ukukhethwa kwamandla okukhuphula i-polypodium
Siqala ngokukhetha isikebhe esifanelekile se-millipede-fern. Uma uthenga i-fern ebhodweni, kufanele uthole ukuthi isitshalo esingakanani nokuthi singakanani kwisitsha esinikeziwe. 
Ngemuva kokuthenga, kunoma yikuphi, i-fern kumele isuswe ebhodweni bese ihlola izimpande. Uma ivolumu yezimpande ilingana nomthamo webhodlela, kungcono ukulifakisela elisha. Njengoba uhlelo lwempande ye-polypodium luqinile kakhulu, lapho kungekho isikhala samahhala emkhunjini, izimpande ziyovele ziphule embizeni yepulasitiki noma ziqale "ukuphuma" ngaphesheya kwenhlabathi.
Kudingekile ukuthatha ibhodlela kuphela ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bezimpande. Kulesi simo, okukhethwa kukho kunikezwa ezitsheni eziphansi kakhulu, ezinendawo enkulu ephansi. Embizeni enjalo, uhlelo lwempande luyoba endaweni yaso yemvelo, futhi izimpande ngokwazo ziyokhula ngobubanzi.
Kubalulekile! Izimpande ze-Volumetric ngeke zikwazi ukukhula esikebheni esincane esincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke khetha ibhodlela eliyindilinga noma elilodwa.
Kunconywa ukuthenga umkhumbi owenziwe ngezinto eziqinile (ubumba, faience, porcelain, marble) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguqulwa kwebhodlela ngenxa yomshoshaphansi wesimiso.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo yokukhula
I-Polypodium ithanda ukukhanya okungafani, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha indawo okumele uyikhule, kufanele uhambe ngokushesha ngaphandle kwe-loggias evulekile namafasitela eningizimu.
Kungcono ukubeka ibhodlela ngasempumalanga. Ingxenye esenyakatho yekamelo nakho kuyindlela enhle. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuqeda ilanga eliqondile emaqabunga e-fern. Esimweni esinzima kakhulu, ungafaka imbali ngakwesokunene, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga ukuthungela indawo ebhodweni.
Ebusika, i-fern idinga ukukhanya okuhle (njengoba kungekho ubusika njengalokho kulelo zwe). Ubude bomini kufanele okungenani amahora angu-8. Ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe kunikezwa izibani ze-fluorescent, ezibekwa kude 50-70 cm esitshalweni.
Kubalulekile! Okuyingozi kakhulu ku-fern yimisebe yelanga yemini, okuyinto emahoreni ambalwa "ukushisa" amaqabunga futhi kungaholela ekufeni kwembali.
Imihlahlandlela yokutshala: ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi ye-polypodium
I-polypodium fern ithanda i-subacid, inhlabathi evulekile engathengwa esitolo sembali noma eyenziwe yedwa. Okukhethwa kukho kungcono "ukulungiswa" kwekhaya kwe-substrate, ngoba uzokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi inhlabathi ayikho ukungcola okulimazayo.
Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi, ukuxuba i-pine bark echotshoziwe, i-sphagnum ne-leaf humus isetshenziselwa ukulinganisela okufanayo. Lokhu kuyilungiselelo elihle lomhlabathi, kodwa akunakwenzeka njalo ukuthola izakhi ezidingekayo. Okunye okuhlukile kwe-substrate kuhilela ukusebenzisa umhlaba we-coniferous, umhlabathi weqabunga, i-peat, i-humus inhlabathi nesihlabathi ku-1: 2: 1: 1: 1.
Ngaphambi kokulayisha i-substrate ebhodweni ngezansi udinga ukufaka amanzi ebanzi obanzi noma amatshe amancane. Nakuba inhlabathi inezindawo ezinhle zokudonsa amanzi, noma kunjalo, ukususwa okungeziwe komswakama akulimazi neze.
Uma kwenzeka inhlabathi ingakwazi ukulungiswa ekhaya nganoma yisiphi isizathu, zama ukuthola i-substrate ekhethekile yama-fern noma ama-epiphyte esitolo sezimbali. Le nhlabathi izoba nezindawo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kwesilwane sakho.
Kubalulekile! Ukusebenzisa ubumba noma inhlabathi enzima kuyavinjelwa ngenxa yokugcina umswakama. Izizathu ezinjalo zizobangela ukubola kwezimpande.
Ukufika kwe-Polypodium
Ukuzala uFern ekhaya kuyindaba elula. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuzala: ukuhlukaniswa kwehlathi, ukukhiqizwa ngokubeka noma izinhlamvu. Endabeni yokuzala okukhiqizayo (imbewu), uzothola ikhophi yesitshalo somama ngaphandle kokungafani.
Ukuphindaphinda kwe-Polypodium ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Izihlahla zihlukanisa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha. Emva kokukhipha uhlelo lwempande emhlabathini, udinga ukunaka ama rosettes amancane avela kuwo amaqabunga akhula.
Ukusebenzisa ummese wokwakha obukhali, ingxenye yezimpande nge-rosette namaqabunga ama-2-3 ahlukaniswe nesitshalo somama, afakwe endaweni yokushisa encane noma efakwe embizeni. Beka ukusika ukuze ufafaze amalahle, ukugwema ukubola. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-fern zahlala endaweni efudumele. Isitshalo esincane sidinga ukufudumala okuvamile kanye nomswakama ohlala njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingekile ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okuhle okungafani. Ukuze kungabi "ukubulala" isihlahla samahlathi, ukuhlukana kwenziwa uma kuphela okungenani ama-5-6 atshalwa amaqabunga e-fern; ngaphandle kwalokho, imbali izoqala ukuqeda.
Indlela yokusakazwa ngayo izinhlamvu ze-fern
Kunzima kakhulu ukuphindaphinda ama-spores e-home ekhaya, njengoba isitshalo singanikeli izinto ezidingekayo zokutshala.
Lapho i-sporangia engxenyeni engemuva kwephepha ishubhukile, ipuleti leshidi liyakunqunywa futhi lifakwe esikhwameni se-air-permmeable ukuze somile.
Ngemuva kwesonto, leli shidi lizooma futhi izinhlamvu zizowela phansi esikhwameni. Masinyane kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi ukuhluma kwento yokutshala etholakalayo kungasondelana naso, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuphinda zonke izinqubo zemvelo ngaphansi kwezimo zegumbi.
Ukuhluma izinhlamvu usebenzisa isamba sokushisa "ekhaya" esinokushisa. Izitini zifakwa emathini, i-peat ibekwe phezu kwayo futhi amanzi angama-distilled angaba ngu-5 cm athululelwa. Okulandelayo, izinhlamvu zifakwa kwi-peat (azingcwatshwa noma zicindezelwe) futhi zimboze isitsha ngeglasi.
Kubalulekile! Inani lamanzi esitsheni ligcinwa njalo ezingeni elifanayo.
Lapho izitshalo zifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-5 cm, zihamba zibe izimbiza ezihlukene.
Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu centipede laying
Abaflorisi abaningi bajwayele le ndlela yokuzalanisa. Ngokuphambene nokwahlukana kwesihlahla, ukukhula kwe-fern entsha kusuka ekutheni kungabi nengozi yokutshala umama.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo (ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ukuqala kwehlobo), iqabunga elikhulu le-fern kufanele lihlulwe kancane phakathi nendawo, likhothamele phansi bese lifafazwe nenhlabathi endaweni ye-incision. Ukugcina ishidi libe ngcono emhlabathini, lihleliwe ngocingo.
Esizeni sesicingo kufanele sibonakale izimpande. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela okuningi nokufakwa kokugqoka ngaphansi kwesihlahla somama.
Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukuhlola ishidi ngokuba khona kwezimpande. Isitshalo esisha singahlukaniswa nesitshalo somzali kuphela ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesimiso sezintambo ezinamandla.
Kubalulekile! Emigqeni uthathe amaqabunga aqinile nombala ogqamile ngaphandle kokulimala okubonakalayo.
Imithetho Yokunakekela I-Polypodium
Ukunakekela i-home ekhaya kudinga ukuthobela imithetho ethile, ezoxoxwa kulesi sigaba. Emvelweni, i-polypodium ikhula esimweni sezulu esishisayo, futhi kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezifanayo kuyo endlini.
Ukuphuza i-Centipede Fern
UFern kufanele anisele ngamanzi azinzile. Kudingeka ukusebenzisa amanzi okupompo, kodwa hhayi ukuxiliswa.
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukuchelela ngokweqile kusongela ukubola izimpande. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa inhlabathi efanele, futhi amanzi ahlelwe phansi ebhodweni, khona-ke kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukugcwalisa imbali.
Ukunisela isitshalo kunconywa njengokomiswa kwengubo engenhla. Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi inani lokunisela landa ngokushisa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, umswakama wenhlabathi kufanele uhlolwe nsuku zonke.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, imbali kufanele iphuze ngokucophelela, njengoba izinqubo ngaphakathi kwitshalo zihamba kancane, okusho ukuthi inhlanzi idinga umswakama ongaphansi.
Umquba wefern nokudla
I-polypodium ye-Fern ngaphezu kokuchelela idinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe ekhaya. Kudingeka ukondle lesi sitshalo entwasahlobo nasehlobo, phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo kwengxenye eluhlaza kanye nohlelo lwempande. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswe enhlabathini, kodwa inani lalo kufanele libe ngaphansi kwesine kunokuba kuboniswe kuphakheji. Ukutshala eduze emhlabathini njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa kokubili umquba ophilayo (peat, humus, compost), kanye nezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Uyazi? Emithi yokwelapha, i-polypodium isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zendlela yokuphefumula engenhla, i-rheumatism ne-gout.
Konke mayelana nendawo yokufakelwa kwegumbi
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko uma izimpande zigcwalisa yonke ibhodlela noma ukukhula kwe-fern kunciphisa. Ukuthola ukuthi ngabe isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa yini noma akunakwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokukhipha uhlelo lwempande.
Sincoma ukufakelwa njengoba i-rhizome ikhula, njengoba noma yikuphi ukungenelela kulimaza i-polypodium. Uma uqinisekile ukuthi izimpande azigciniwe, awudingi ukufakelwa kabusha.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukufakelwa kabusha, izimpande eziphuzi azingcwatshwa; kufanele zibe phezulu.
Ukunakekela ukunakekelwa kwe-polypodium
Imbali yasekhaya (fern) idinga ukuhambisana nokushisa nomswakama ophezulu, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekela isitshalo.
Ake siqale ngokushisa. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo nehlobo sasehlobo kuqukethe izinga lokushisa kwama-22-25 ˚C. Ekwindla nasebusika, i-polypodium hibernates, kodwa ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo ayiwi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lingancishiswa libe yizi-16-18 degrees.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa okungenani ebusika akufanele kuwele ngaphansi kwe-14 ° C.
Ukungcola kungenye into ethinta impilo ye-fern. Ebusika, ngenxa yezimo zokushisa, umswakama ekamelweni lehla, okuholela ekutheni isimo se-polypodium siwohloka. Phakathi nenkathi enjalo, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphofuzwe njalo ebhodleleni le-spray ngamanzi acwecwekile ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngaphandle kokuphalaza umsila omanzi noma ubumba obunwetshiwe, obugcina umswakama, kufakwa emgqeni.
Okukhethwa kukho okuthakazelisayo ukubeka imbali e-terrarium, lapho kutholakala khona izimo ezinhle (ukukhanyisa, izinga lokushisa, umswakama).
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-fern yangaphakathi
I-centipede ejwayelekile, njengezimbali eziningi, ihlushwa izifo nezinambuzane, ngakho kufanele ubone ukugula kwesibindi ngesikhathi bese uyilahla.
I-polypodium ithinteka yizifo ezinjalo "ezidumile" njenge-scab kanye nesibindi se-spider. Ungabalwa nabo ngosizo lwamakhemikhali noma amakhemikhali abantu.
Isibungu se-spider Ama-arachnids amancane amantombazane, ombala wakhe ohluka ebomvu obomvu kuya obala ophuzi. I-parasitic cishe yonke izitshalo zasendlini, ngakho-ke ukutheleleka kombumbi owodwa kusongela "isifo" kuzo zonke izimbali endlini. Ungabona ukuthi izimpungushe zinama-dark punctures emaqabunga e-fern. Ebhujiswa ngezindlela ezinjalo njenge-Aktara, Aktellik noma okulinganayo. Abantu baqhuba ukusifiphaza ingxenye yendiza nge-infusion ye-anyanisi ikhasi bese besula amaqabunga ngamanzi asozini. Ungase futhi uhlele "ishaja" esilwaneni sakho. Njengoba izibungu zithanda umoya omile, umswakama ophezulu uzobangela ukuba bashiye indawo yabo.
Shchitovka. I-parasite engathandeki ehlupha amasiko amaningi. Lesi yisinambuzane esincane esivela emndenini we-hemiptera, okubukeka sengathi kufana ne-polyps encane yombala omnyama noma obala. Inambuzane idla isitshalo sesitshalo, iyanciphisa. Ama-flaps abadala asuswe ngokumakethe ngebhayisikili noma emgqeni ogonywe ngamanzi asozini. Ngemva kokukhipha ama-parasite, i-polypodium idinga ukuphathwa nge-insecticide eqondisayo.
Siya kwezinye izinkinga ngesitshalo.
- Amahlamvu aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi asomile. Lesi simo se-fern siphumelele ngenxa yomswakama ongaphezulu, ukungabi khona kokukhanya noma umswakama ophansi. Nikeza zonke izinkomba ezijwayelekile futhi izitshalo zizophola.
- Amapulethi amaLeaf aphelile futhi avulekele - lokhu kungaphezulu kokukhanya noma ukushisa kwelanga. Hambisa lesi sitshalo izinsuku ezimbalwa emthunzini futhi i-polypodium izobuyela evamile.
- Amahlamvu alahlekelwa umehluko, ukukhula kancane. Isizathu sezinkinga ezinjalo ncane kakhulu noma ibhodlela elikhulu kakhulu. Futhi imbangela ingase ibe ukuntuleka kokugqoka.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani indawo yokugcina indlu. Landela imiyalelo echazwe bese uzama ukukhokha kakhulu isilwane sakho, njengoba lesi sitshalo sifuna ukufudumala nokunakekelwa.
