Iplamu lokutshala ngamatshe ingenye yezitshalo ezivame kakhulu. Njengazo ezinye izithelo nezithelo zezithelo, I-Plum ijwayele ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze ukulima kwalesi sitshalo kuletha injabulo kuphela, futhi ukuvuna kwakuphakeme kakhulu futhi kukhululekile, zonke izivande kufanele zikwazi izifo ze-plum "ebusweni" futhi zikwazi ukubhekana nazo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza izibonelo zezifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane, kanye nezindlela eziphumelelayo zokulwa nazo.
Indawo emnyama
Uma iplamu ibonakaliswe indawo emnyama, noma i-gnomeiosis, amabala amancane aqala ukuvela emaqabunga awo entwasahlobo, okungaba yinto enobomvu obomvu kuya emngceleni obomvu. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, amachashazi amnyama amancane avela emaceleni omabili amaqabunga - ama-spores we-fungus. Ngokulandelayo, amabala akhula amakhulu, aphendule obomvu futhi athathe wonke amaqabunga amaqabunga, khona-ke amaqabunga ama-curl awa.
Izithelo azivuthanga, futhi amapulangwe avuthiwe abe mabi. Njengokwelashwa, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, inhlabathi nezihlahla zifakwe ngesixazululo sethusi sulfate 1% (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kwezihlahla zezimbali zingaphathwa ngeBreeaux liquid 1% (100 g ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi) noma i-Xom fungicide (35 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okunzima, phinda ukwelashwa amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokubhubhisa amaqabunga afile ngesikhathi bese ugoba inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu somuthi - endaweni lapho ama-fungal spores overwinter.
Indawo ye-Holey (klyasterosporioz)
I-Klesterosporiosis (i-perforated spotting) - lesi sifo sifana nesandulela. Ihluke eqinisweni lokuthi ngemuva kokwakheka kwamabala obomvu obomvu kwendwangu yeqabunga phakathi kwamachashazi abhidlikayo, ekwakheni izimbobo. Amabala anjalo angase avele nasesithelweni, awenze. Emagatsheni, lesi sifo sibonakala njengamabala abomvu, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwegxolo nokugeleza kwegamu. Ngokunqotshwa okunamandla kwamaplamu kushiya kancane noma kumile ngokuphelele futhi kuwele, amaqabunga afa, izimbali ziyawa.
Izindlela zomzabalazo zifana nalawo asetshenziselwa ukumelana ne-brown spot - ukwelashwa nge-copper sulfate noma i-Nitrofen ngaphambi kokuchichima. Masinyane emva kokuqhuma izimbali zeBrandeaux liquid 1% (100 g ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi). Ukufafaza okuphindaphindiwe kungenziwa izinsuku eziyi-14-18 emva kokusila, kanye namasonto amabili-2 ngaphambi kokuvuna. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okukhulu, ukwelashwa okunye ekwindla ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga ewa nesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid ne-3% iyamukeleka. Ukuze uvimbele, udinga isikhathi sokususa nokushisa amaqabunga awile futhi ugobe inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla somuthi.
Indawo ebomvu (i-polystigmosis)
I-Polystygosis, noma i-red leaf spot plum, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-mushroom ashisa. Izinyawo zombili zombili zivela ezindaweni ezinombala eziphuzi noma ezibomvu, ezithatha isikhathi eside, zikhanya futhi zikhanyise. Izihlahla ezithintekayo yi-polystigmosis ziyancipha, ziwela izimbali nokuncipha kwasebusika kwehla. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, izihlahla nomhlabathi ozungezile zifakwe nge-copper sulphate noma i-Nitrafen (300 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga.
Ngokushesha emva kokuba izihlahla zezimbali zisetshenziselwe ukucubungula iBordeaux liquid (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Uma kunesidingo, ukupompa amapulazi uphinda emuva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokuqhakaza. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukuqoqa nokushisa wonke amaqabunga awile ngesikhathi bese ugoba inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla somuthi.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya
Ukushiswa kwama-bacterial kubonakala ngokuyinhloko ngezimbali zemithi - baba mnyama obumbala futhi ekugcineni bawa. Amahlumela amancane ahlushwa amabala amnyama amnyama, amnyama njengoba ashiswa, futhi aguqa. Amaqabunga abuye abe mnyama, ahlanganiswe amabala obandayo, i-curl futhi abukeke njengotshisayo. Amabala athatha umuthi wonke: amaqabunga, isiqu, amahlumela. Lesi sifo sikwazi ukusakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke izinga futhi ngesikhathi esifushane sishaya yonke imithi yamatshe.
Ngenxa yokugula, ingadi ithatha uhlobo "lokushaya." Izithelo zishintsha futhi zomile. Amagxolo athambile, ahlanganiswe amaconsi amancane-aphuzi amaconsi, bese ephuza ama-bubbles, apheka futhi athole iphethini elibomvu elibomvu elibomvu. Emagatsheni ama-ulcers aqoshiwe, edlula isiqu.
Ukuphulukisa iplamu ekushiseni kwebhaktheriya, ngaphambi kokwakheka kwefihlekile, ukuphalaza isihlahla ngesisombululo se-1% se-copper sulfate (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi). I-Azofos fungicide (5%) ne-Streptomycin (50 μg / ml) nayo iphumelele , "Gentamicin" (50 μg / ml), "Rifampicin" (50 μg / ml), "Chloramphenicol" (50 μg / ml), "i-Nalidixic acid" (20 μg / ml), inani lamaphilisi angu-1-2 / i-ampoule 5 amalitha amanzi. Kukhona isisombululo esanele sokwenza izihlahla eziyi-8-10. Imithi yokwelapha yezifo kufanele yenziwe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngesikhathi sezimbali, izikhathi ezintathu ngesizini, nekhasi lezinsuku ezingu-4-6.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukushisa kwama-bacterium zihlanganisa:
- ukuxosha izihlahla zezithelo zasendle ngaphakathi kwendawo engamamitha angu-150 kusukela ensimini. Lezi zitshalo zingabathwali bama-pathogenic;
- ukwelapha njalo ngezinambuzane;
- ukuhlola njalo izihlahla, amaqabunga, amagatsha ezibonakaliso zesifo, lapho kutholakala khona amagatsha ngokushesha futhi ushiswe.
Uyazi? Ngaphambilini, ukushiswa kwamagciwane kwakubizwa ngokuthi "i-Antonov umlilo" ngabantu. Amacala okuqala ekunqothulweni kwezihlahla zezitshalo ngalesi sifo abuyele emuva ekhulwini le-XVIII.
I-plum yohlobo lomlingo
Imifula yemilingo iyingxenye ehlukene yemikhakha yezihlahla ezinokuthuthukiswa okungavamile kwamahlumela. Isihlahla sithinta i-fungus, i-pathogen, i-rooting emkhakheni womuthi futhi iholela ekuguquleni nasezindaweni zokukhubazeka zokukhula okuqhubekayo. Endaweni lapho i-fungus "ihlezi phansi khona", amahlumela amaningi amancane angabhubhi aqala ukukhula ngobuningi. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwawo okunamandla, umuthi othintekile umqhele ufana ne-bun noma ibhola lezinwele. Amaqabunga emagatsheni athintekile amancane, aphuzi noma abomvu, asomile ngokushesha futhi awe. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, leli qabunga limbozwe nge-grayish bloom - lezi yizinhlamvu ze-fungus-pathogen.
Uma kutholakala umshanelo womlumbi, amahlumela abathintekayo asuswa ngokushesha futhi abhujiswe. Ukuze uvikele iplamu kwisifo somshanelo womlwane entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokwakheka kweziqu, izihlahla zifakwe nge-3% eBreeaux liquid (300 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Ngemuva kokukhazimula, uphinde uphinde uphinde ukhethe i-Bordeaux liquid, kodwa ubeke 1%. Futhi i-fungicides ephumelelayo "Kuprozan" ne "Captan."
Uyazi? Igama elithi "umshanelo womlumbi" lihlotshaniswa nezinkolelo-ze eziningi. Isibonelo, ukuthi laba abathakathi bathumela izifo emasimini kubantu abafuna ukulimaza.
I-Gommoz (ukwelashwa kwe-gum)
Amakhamera, noma ama-hommoes, isifo esingajwayelekile esingafaki isifo sokutshala kwezitshalo ze-horticultural. I-plum ingatheleleka ngegamu ngenxa yokungabi nabusika okunzima noma ngenxa yokulimala ezinye izifo, njenge-monoglose nezinye izifo. Imithi ekhula emhlabathini onamandla, onobuchopho obuningi futhi okhushulayo uhlupheka kakhulu ngenxa ye-gommoz. Izimpawu zesifo: ukukhishwa emagqumeni wegamu, okuyinto enzima futhi efana ne-wax enyakazayo.
Izingxenye ezithelelekile zomuthi, ezikhiqiza i-gomme, kumele zihlanzwe futhi ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-copper sulfate 1% bese zixhaphaza izikhathi eziningana ngamaqabunga ama-sorrel amasha kanye nesikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15-20 ngayinye. Khona-ke "amanxeba" ahlanganiswe ne-pitch engadini. Kunconywa ukuba uhlakulele ngokucophelela amagxolo ezindaweni lapho igamu ligeleza khona. Njengendlela yokuvimbela i-gum excretion, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ye-agrotechnical kanye nezincomo uma ukhula ama-plums: ukwandisa ubunzima obusika bomuthi nokumelana nezifo ze-fungal, ukondla kahle futhi uqaphele umswakama wenhlabathi.
I-Plum dwarfism
Ukushada komzimba kubangelwa isifo se-plum esihlala futhi sanda emangqamuzaneni okuphila okuphilayo. Igciwane liyasakazeka ngesitshalo sezitshalo ezithathelwanayo, ezisakazwa yizimbungulu zezinambuzane - i-aphid, i-mite, njll. Esifweni esincane, amaqabunga e-plum akhula amancane, aphelile, alula futhi angalingani. Phezu kwamahlumela kukhona amakhethi alawa makhandlela aphethwe. Izinso nazo zikhubazekile noma azikhuli nhlobo.
Izihlahla ezigulayo zikhula kabi futhi ziyafa. Ngeshwa, izifo zegciwane le-plum aziphilwanga, uma isihlahla esonakele sitholakala engadini, kufanele siphonswe futhi sishiswe. Kunezinyathelo zokuvimbela kuphela ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-dwarfism. Uma utshala, udinga ukusebenzisa izithombo ezinempilo kuphela, eziqinisekisiwe, ukucubungula izitshalo ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezincelisayo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi wenze izinyathelo zokuvimbela amagciwane.
Amapokhethi epula (isifo se-marsupial)
Isifo se-marsupial, noma amaphakheji e-plum, sibonakala ngokwanda kwincenye enomzimba yezithelo, okuba yi-bag-shaped. Umswakama ophezulu womoya nomhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla kungabangela isifo. Izithelo ezigulayo zelulelwe kude ubude buka-5-6 cm futhi musa ukwakha ithambo. Esigabeni sokuqala sesifo se-marsupial, ama-plums aphendukile, bese ephenduka aphuzi futhi aphenduke ensundu, kuyilapho enganambitheki futhi engenakulinganiswa.
Isigqoko se-wax esimhlophe esinezingqimba zefungus livela esithelweni. Khona-ke amapulazi awela. Ngokunqotshwa okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa kwemikhiqizo kungaphezu kwesigamu. Ukuze ulwa namapokhethi weplamu, kubalulekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokubonakala kwefihlekile, ukuphambanisa neBordeaux liquid 3% (300 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). I-fungicide "i-Horus" (2 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi), okudingeka ukucubungula isihlahla ngaphambi kokuzimbali futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalo. Izithelo ezigulayo ze-plums kufanele ziqoqwe ngokushesha futhi zishiswe ngaphambi kokuvela kwama-deposit waxy. Amagatsha asithintekile anqunywa futhi ashiswa.
Coccomycosis
Plum coccomycosis - Lesi yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu sefungal wezithelo nezithelo zezithelo. Ngokuyinhloko kuthinta amaqabunga, ngezinye izikhathi amahlumela amancane nezithelo. Ehlobo, ngokuvamile ngoJulayi, ama-purple-violet noma amabala abomvu-abomvu angabonakala ebusweni bekhasi leqabunga, elikhula futhi lihlangane ndawonye. Ngemuva kwekhasi kubonakala iziqhumane ezimhlophe-pinkish ze-fungus. Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, aphendule obomvu ngombala bese ewa.
Izithelo azihlazi futhi zome. Lesi sifo sithuthuka ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu futhi siholela ekunciphiseni ukuqina kweqhwa lomuthi. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukuqoqa nokushisa amaqabunga awile, lapho ama-causative agents of coccomycosis ubusika. Ebeleni, inhlabathi engqungqutheni yesondo kufanele igukwe. Emva kokuvuna amapulazi, umuthi kufanele uchithelwe ngeBordeaux i-1% noma i-chlorine dioxide (30-40 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
I-Milky luster
Ukukhazimula okuyisibindi kuyisifo se-fungal lapho amagatsha efa khona futhi umuthi uyafa ngokuphelele. Uma ukunqotshwa kwalesi sifo, amaqabunga ane-white, isiliva, i-pearl outflow, iba yithemba, yome futhi ife. I-bark ibumnyama, izidumbu zezithelo ze-ukhunta zivela kuwo, ezihamba emthini. Amakhowe ayizinsipho ezimhlophe, ezinombala ezimnyama noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuze kube ngu-3 cm ububanzi, ngokuqinile kufakwe emagqabeni.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni ezithintekayo ebusika futhi ezinamahlumela phezu kwegxolo. Ikhambi eliphumelelayo lesi sifo, ngeshwa, asikho. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhanya okulindelekile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwandisa ubunzima bebusika weplamu, ukuphuza i-lime esiqwini nasemagatsheni amacembe ekwindla, ukuze ukondle izihlahla emva kwebusika elibandayo. Vula amanxeba kanye nezindawo zokusikeka emagqabeni namagatsha kudingeka ahlungwe ngendlela efike ngesikhathi. Uma kwenzeka ukutholakala kwezihlahla ezinwabuzelayo ezinomdinga kudingeka udle futhi ushise.
I-Monilial burn (i-gray gray)
Ukubola okumnyama, noma i-monilioz, nge-plum kuthinta amahlumela namagatsha abe nsundu, aphike futhi abukeke njengotshani. I-agent causative ye-mold isikhunta yi-fungus, ubusika ezitsheni ezithintekayo namagatsha. I-Moniliasis isakazeka phakathi kwezimbali zezihlahla yizinhlamvu ezithandwa yizilokazane nezinambuzane. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokweqile ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, ukukhula okuncane kwegrey, okuhleliwe okuhleliwe, kuvela ezithelo ze-plum kanye nesigqabha somuthi. Okokuqala, ukubola okumpunga kuthinta izithelo ezimele (kusuka ezinambuzaneni).
Amagatsha abathintekile ahlanganiswa nokuqhekeka okuvela khona i-gum. Amagciwane agula kancane kancane afa esikhathini. Ukulwa nalesi sifo ngaphambi kwezimbali, izihlahla nomhlabathi zifakwe ngesixazululo se-Nitrafen, i-iron noma i-sulphate yethusi, ne-Bordeaux 1% yamanzi (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi) noma i-Zineb, i-Kaptan, i-Ftalan fungicides, Kuprozan. Phinda uhlanza lesi sihlahla ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza okulungiselelwe okufanayo. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho eyisisekelo ye-agrotechnical: ukususa ngesikhathi futhi ushise izithelo nezithintekile ezithintekayo.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukubhekana nezikhathi ezinambuzane ezinambuzane ezihlukumeza umuthi: izibungu, izimpethu, izinyosi, njll. Uma kuvuna, kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi izithelo. Ekwindla ekwindla, kubalulekile ukwenza amagatsha nezihlahla ezinamahlumela.
Izithelo Rot
Izithelo zivame ukusabalala ehlobo elimanzi, elivuthayo ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zivela ehlobo, maphakathi noJulayi, lapho izithelo zithwala. Izithelo ukubola kuthinta izithelo ze-plum ezinomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini (kusukela ekudumeni yizinyoni, ezivela ezinambuzane ezinambuzane). Ekuqaleni, kutholakala indawo ensundu esithelweni, esheshe sikhule ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu.
Imibuthano ekhonjiwe ibonakala phezu kwamapayipi ama-plum-gray-brown anezinhlamvu. Lezi zingxabano zithwala kalula umoya wonke engadini futhi zithelele zonke izithelo. Ukulwa nokubola kwezithelo, izihlahla zifakwe ngesixazululo se-1% se-Bordeaux uketshezi ngaphambi kokusila. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, zonke izithelo ezithintekile kufanele zifakwe noma zifakwe umquba. Udinga ukubhekana nezinambuzane ezilimaza isithelo, okwandisa ingozi yezithelo.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwezithelo ezithelelekile, kubalulekile ukuchitha amagciwane ngamathuluzi nezandla futhi akukho nhlobo okuthinta izithelo ezinempilo ngezandla ezingaphenduliwe. Kukhona izingxabano kulabo abangakwazi ukuthelela kalula izithelo ezinempilo.
Ukugqwala
Isifo se-fungal, esisebenza kakhulu ngoJulayi, esithinta kakhulu amaqabunga omuthi. Ngaphandle kwekhabethe leqabunga phakathi kweminye imifino ibonakala inombala, amabala "ama-rusty", azungeze futhi avuvuke. Ekupheleni kwama-pads amnyama asehlobo asetshenziswa ezindaweni. Amaqabunga abathintekayo ayancipha, afe futhi awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukumelana nesithwathwa somuthi kunciphisa. Ngaphambi kokuchichima, iplamu kufanele ifakwe ngesixazululo se-oxychloride yethusi (40 g ngalinye ngamanzi angu-5), ama-3 amalitha esisombululo ngomuthi ngamunye. Ngemuva kokuvuna, udinga ukufakela iplamu Bordeaux liquid 1%. Ukuze uvimbele, udinga isikhathi sokubhubhisa amaqabunga awile lapho i-overwinter ye-fungus.
Isifungumnyama esimnyama
Ubufayibungu obumnyama, noma obumnyama, buholela ekubunjweni kwe-plaque emnyama kumaqabunga kanye namahlumela e-plum. Uma ishidi lihlutshiwe - i-patina isuliwe. Ivimbela ukutholakala kokukhanya ne-oksijini kumaseli okutshala, okwenza kube nzima ukushintsha isimo sezulu. I-agent ye-causative yesifo ihlala ezinambuzane ezinambuzane ezithinta isihlahla sesithelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela lesi sifo endaweni yokuqala udinga ukulwa nama-parasites. Kufanele futhi ungavumeli umswakama owedlulele ngokwemvelo, futhi umqhele ogqamile kakhulu we-plum kufanele ube mncane. Ukwelashwa kwe-fungus emnyama, kuyadingeka ukuba uphese lesi sihlahla ngesisombululo sethusi (150 g sensiphu egayiwe + 5 g we-sulfate ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Kanti futhi uphefute ngesisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi (30-40 g ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi) noma i-Bordeaux 1% yamanzi (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi).
I-Cytosporosis
I-cytosporosis, noma isomiso esithathelwanayo, yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu se-plum esithinta amagatsha ngamanye futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekusomweni kwemithi. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka emasimini anamazinga aphansi kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ngokusebenzisa amaqabunga e-bark efile. Ukutheleleka kubonakala ezindaweni ezilimazekile zegxolo, kuvela enkuni futhi kubangele ukufa kwezicubu eziphilayo. Ngaphansi kwamagxolo afile, ama-tubercles amnyama amancane avela, ama-tubercles amnyama avela - ama-fungus-bearing bearing.
Ukwelashwa kwama-plums kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphumula komuthi: entwasahlobo ngaphambi kwenkathi ekhulayo nasekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwamahlamvu. Ekulweni nalesi sifo, isisombululo se-Bordeaux liquids 3% esetshenzisiwe, esiphathwa izihlahla ezincane nezihlahlawe ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo. Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic, njalo ngonyaka, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, isikhathi esingaba yingozi senziwa futhi ngokupompela ngesisombululo se-3-4% se-Bordeaux liquid. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, qiniseka ukuthi usebenza ngamagatsha omhlophe kanye namagatsha omzimba, kanye namagatsha ashisekile.
Kubalulekile! Все сорта сливы очень чувствительны к меди, поэтому при обработке дерева медьсодержащими препаратами (хлорокись меди, медный купорос, бордоская жидкость и др.) нельзя нарушать предписания и дозировку.
Шарка (оспа) сливы
Шарка (оспа) сливы - это хаотичные пятна в виде колец и искривленных линий на молодых листьях дерева. I-agent ye-causative yesifo - igciwane - inhlayiyana encane kakhulu yamaprotheni aphilayo. Amachashazi avela entwasahlobo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga e-sharqa abe "imabula", izindawo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza eziluhlaza futhi ezimnyama zomhlobiso zibonakala ngokucacile. I-pulp yesithelo esithelelekile iba yinyene, ebomvu-obomvu futhi engathandeki kumnandi.
Emagcekeni omhlabathi ezitshalweni zivela emanzini, ama-plums aphilile, avuthwe amaviki 3-4 ngaphambi kwalokho okulindeleke, aphume noma aphethwe emgqeni. Izifo ezibangelwa yi-viral ayikwazi ukuphathwa ngezidakamizwa, amapulazi anezimpawu zika-sharkey kumele ahlulwe futhi abhujiswe. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kumele uqale usebenzise impahla enempilo, eqinisekisiwe yokutshala, ngokushesha usebenze iplamu kumaphasethi wezinambuzane, futhi ugcine izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikelwa ezimpilweni zezinambuzane
Ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi amapulazi ezigulayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokwelapha nokuvimbela akuzona zonke ezidingekayo ukuze kuvune isivuno esihle, esiqinile. Eziningi zezifo ezithinta amapulazi zibangelwa umsebenzi wezilwanyana ezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwazi ukubona futhi ngokuphumelelayo ukubhekana nama-parasites esikebheni.
Ngokuvamile, izihlahla ezinamapulangwe zihlaselwa yizinambuzane ezinjalo:
- izithelo - kuholela ekubomvu nasekufeni kwamaqabunga, kunciphisa inqubo yokubeka imifino yemifino;
- sawfly omncane - amaqabunga amahlumela;
- ipulaphu ephuzi sawfly - izibungu zalo zidla ithambo lesithelo zidle inyama, futhi izibungu ezincane zilimaza i-ovary;
- i-plum aphid - udla amahlumela amancane, okuholela ekutheni kube nokukhula komzimba nokuguqulwa kwamaqabunga, aphuzi futhi awele;
- ikhukhumezekile - izibungu zaleli butterfly zithole amaqabunga, amaqabunga, izimbali. Ngokuhlasela kwabo okukhulu, imifino ihlala kuphela emaqabunga.
I-Novaktion yama-insecticides, i-Fufanon, iKarate, i-Cyanox, i-Zolon, i-Karbofos, i-Metafos, i-Fosfamid, i-Nexion, i-Chlorofos, njll. Nsiza izinambuzane ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane. Ukucubungula kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala futhi emva kwalokho, kanye nesikhathi sokuqothula kwezimpungushe ze-parasite (ngoJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti). Ngenkathazo enjalo, njengoba i-pinwort esempumalanga, edla amahlumela amancane futhi eholela ekusomeni kwamagatsha, ingalwa ngosizo lwejwayelekile etafuleni usawoti.
Imithi iyaphathwa ngokushesha emva kokuba izimbali zixazulule (500-700 g usawoti ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Emthini owodwa omdala sebenzisa ama-7 amalitha esisombululo, ezincane - 2 amalitha. Phinda ukwelashwa emva kokuvuna. Uma umuthi ushaya isithelo samatshe noma inundu engaphansi komhlaba odlayo uhamba ehlathini futhi ugobe futhi ubangele ukuthi lezi zihlahla zife, izinambuzane zingenamandla. Kule nkathi, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela namagatsha aphethwe aphethwe futhi ashiswa.
