Amakhowe

Ukufunda izindlela zokutshala amakhowe

Uma ufuna ukukhulisa ama-mushroom ekhaya, udinga ukuzibuza kuqala imibuzo: uyini futhi unayo ngani? Emva kwakho konke, ukuze unikeze isidlo esiphundu somndeni, amabhokisi ambalwa esiteji esingaphansi noma emibhedeni yasensimu ayokwanela.

Kodwa uma unquma ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu, awudingi kuphela izakhiwo ezinkulu, ezikhethekile, kodwa futhi nemishini, imishini, izindleko ezinkulu kanye nezisebenzi, kanye nolwazi. Indlela ngayinye yama-mushroom ekhulayo inezinhlawulo zayo, okuzoxoxwa ngazo ngokuqhubekayo.

Ensimini, engadini noma ensimini

Ama-champignon akhula endaweni evulekile akuyona inqubo elula, njengoba lawa amakhowe angathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngakho uma ufuna ukwenza ama-mushrooming ekhanda lakho lasehlobo, khangela indawo emthunzini - engadini ngaphansi kwezihlahla, izihlahla, ama-raspberries noma ngemuva kwendlu. Ngaphezulu kombhede udinga ukwakha umcibisholo ukuvikela inhlabathi ekumeni.

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kusayithi, kufanele uqale ulungiselele umquba wokulima amakhowe. Iresiphi elula kakhulu ayi-12 kg wezinhlamvu, 8 kg wefriji noma udoti. Izakhi zibekwa ezigcawini, bese ingxube kufanele iphuze nsuku zonke, igweme ukuma. Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela (izinsuku ezingu-22-25), umquba kufanele uhlangane izikhathi eziningana.

Inhlabathi ebhethweni ekhethiwe idinga ukulima, ihlwanyelwe i-mycelium ebusweni bayo, isimboze ngendlala yomquba 5-7 cm phezulu bese uthele. Esikhathini esizayo, udinga ukuhambisa indawo njengoba kudingeka. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-fruiting kuzodingeka ulinde izinyanga ezingu-2.5. Champignon isivuno - 12 kg amakhowe ngenyanga kusukela isakhiwo 1 square. m. Endaweni eyodwa i-mycelium ingakhula cishe iminyaka emihlanu.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nenhlabathi, umquba ensimini ungabeka phezu kwephepha lokuphahla noma ukugoqa epulasitiki.
Okuthakazelisayo kakhulu ukutshala ama-mushroom embhedeni owodwa nemifino. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulungisa umbhede 1.5 m ububanzi, usakaze umquba (inkomo noma ihhashi) enhlabathini bese utshala u-squash noma u-squash seedling. Imibhede ihlanganiswa nefilimu ecebile. I-Mycelium itshalwe lapho izithombo zihluma. Imifino namakhowe zizokhula ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Uma ungazi ukuthi ungaphi i-mushroom mycelium, noma ufuna ukuzitholela ngokwakho, ungazama indlela elandelayo, okuzodinga amakhowe eqoqwe kwimvelo yemvelo. Kumele zisuswe ngendlela elandelanayo yomhlaba ne-mycelium ehlala emilenzeni.

Esakhiweni udinga ukumba umsele ngamanzi angama-20-30 cm, ugcwalise ngenhlanganisela yomquba kanye netshani bese uthele u-5-6 cm wehlathi noma inhlabathi engadini phezulu. Gcoba amakhowe aqoqwe ngomese, uwafake emkhathini olungiselelwe futhi umboze ngendwangu yomhlabathi. Ama-mushroom wokuqala azovela ngenyanga. Ngaphezu kokuzalisa amakhowe ezindaweni ezivulekile, ngosizo lwemibhede engaphansi Ungaqala futhi ukukhula amakhowe. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, imibhede ibekwa phansi ehlanganiswe ukugoqa epulasitiki. Ukungahleleki kwalendlela kuyinani elikhulu labasebenzi bombhalo, ubunzima bokuhlanza kanye nokuhleleka kokusakaza izifo nezinambuzane. Izinzuzo zendlela yilezi zindleko zezomnotho ezincane: awudingi ukuthenga iziqukathi kanye nama-racks.

Kubalulekile! Ama-champignon angaba yingxenye yokuhlobisa engadini, ehlotshiswe ngesitayela sehlathi.

Emashalofini

Ubuchwepheshe beDutch bokulima ama-champignon emashalofini kuthatha ukutholakala kwemishini ebiza kakhulu, ukuhlonza inqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu kumabhizinisi amakhulu. Ngesizo salo, indawo yokukhiqiza ingasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, isikhala sokulondoloza.

Amagundane ama-mushroom - lawa maphuzu afanayo, ambalwa nje phansi. Amabhuloki noma amabhokisi ahlelwe emashalofini amaningi. Ukungalungi kwalendlela kuyindleko eziphezulu zemishini nokusabalalisa kwezifo ngaphesheya kokufakwa okuqondile nokuqondile.

Uyazi? Kunamathenda amaningana ekukhiqizweni kwamakhowe omhlaba wonke. Indlela yaseShayina iningi: ngenxa yamabhizinisi amancane amancane aphethe izimali eziphansi kanye nemisebenzi eshibhile, ngenxa yalokho, umthamo wokukhiqiza izigidi zamathani. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okulinganiselwe kanye nokusetshenziswa komsebenzi webasebenzi kuyisisekelo sezindlela zaseMelika nase-Australia. Izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu zikhonjiswa ngamabhizinisi aseDutch, ngokusekelwe kokutshala izimali ezinkulu nokuthuthukiswa kwekhono eliphezulu lwezinqubo.

Kuziqukathi

Isistimu yesitsha yonke ayilungiselelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe amateur, kodwa kubhizinisi. Le ndlela iqondwa kahle ngamabhizinisi amakhulu, amaningi angaphandle (America, Canada). Kudinga ukutshala izimali ezinkulu, cishe ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu (ukugcwalisa nokulayishwa komquba, ukufaka isembozo somhlabathi) futhi kuzuzisa ngokwezomnotho ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo (izinkulungwane zamathani emikhiqizo ngonyaka).

Ukuze kuhlungwe amakhowe, iziqukathi zokhuni eziphathwe ngokukhethekile ngokubunjwa kanye nezifungi ziyadingeka, lapho kugcinwa khona i-substrate yama-mushroom. Izigaba ezihlukene zokukhula kwefungi zivela emakamelweni ahlukene, okuvumela ukuthi uhlele kahle izindlela zokuhlanza (ukugeza, ukubulala imithi) nokugcinwa kweziqukathi.

Noma kunjalo, le ndlela ingashintshwa izimo zasekhaya, uma usebenzisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izitsha ezincane.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze kusetshenziswe izindlela zokulima ukulimala, imishini yanamuhla nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo: ukuphakamisa ukugcwalisa nokulayishwa komquba, umthumeli wokuthulula umquba ochithekile kanye nenhlabathi yokukhanda, umshini wokukhipha umhlabathi, umshini wokukhipha imfucuza ohamba phakathi kwama-racks.

Ezikhwama

Muva nje, indlela ehlelwe kahle yokulima amakhowe ezikhwama zefilimu ye-polymer. Kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kunomshini noma isistimu, futhi ingasetshenziselwa amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi noma ekhaya. Ngalesi sizathu, indlu yokugcina yemifino ehlomekile, indlu yezinkukhu izakufaneleka. Ekhaya, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikhwama ezinekhono lama-25 kg.

Izikhwama ezigcwele futhi ezihlwanyelwe zibekwe kude ekunakekelweni okulula. Amasokhi angabuye ahlelwe ngo-third party.

Uma usebenzisa le ndlela, kulula ukuqeda lesi sifo sokutheleleka noma ukubola, lapho ungasondela khona futhi ususe isikhwama senkinga, uvikele yonke isitshalo ekutheleleni. Kulula futhi ukushintsha izikhwama ezisebenzise i-mycelium. Uma ukwakha abanikazi besikhwama esikhishiwe, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindawo zokukhiqiza ngempumelelo kakhulu (uma kuqhathaniswa namagquma). Ukungahambi kahle kwendlela yokwenza isikhwama ukuthi kunzima ukupakisha amaphakheji nge-compost, kodwa namuhla ungathola izikhwama ezenziwe ngomquba we-compost kanye ne-mushroom mycelium ekuthengisweni.

Uyazi? Amakhowe aqoqa kahle ukuchopha, hhayi ukusika. Fafaza umgodi ongenalutho ngenhlabathi bese uthele. Geza izandla noma sebenzisa iglavu ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Emabhuloki

Abalimi abaningi be-mushroom namuhla bathola ukuvimba okulungele ukuze kuhlungwe ama-mushroom avela ngaphansi kwe-substrate. Ekukhiqizeni okukhulu kwe-briquette, umquba, izinhlanzi zembewu, i-peat kanye ne-sawdust zixhunywe kwi-briquettes.

Inzuzo ebalulekile yale ndlela ukungabi nokukhiqizwa komquba, futhi izindawo ezinkulu azidingeki ukulima amakhowe, lokhu kungenziwa ngisho nasezweni. Njengoba izitshalo zilungiselelwe ngokugcwele, ukutshala i-mushroom mycelium akudingeki, sekuvele kusenesikhathi sokudlulela. Isisindo seyunithi eyodwa sisuka ku-2.5 kuya ku-20 kg.

Ukuze usebenze nge-briquettes enjalo, ungasebenzisa le nqubo yokusebenzisa futhi ukhulule ungqimba lwe-casing; ngeke udinga inqubo yokushayela umquba. Kumbuzo wokukhetha umquba ku-briquettes kufanele ucatshangelwe ngokucophelela, ngaphezu kwezindleko ezifanele, kufanele kube ngekhwalithi ephezulu. Shintsha ukwakheka kwawo noma isakhiwo ngeke kusebenze.

Amabhuloki abekwe ngokuzenzekelayo emashalofini nasemaphaketheni, futhi izimbobo zenziwa phezulu. Ukuze uvimbele i-unit ukuthi ingabe iphelile, ingahlanganiswa ne-burlap, iphepha noma ifilimu. Lapho ibhokisi lihlanganiswe ne-mycelium, limbozwe nge-topcoat futhi ukushaywa umoya kumile. Hlanganisa izinyunithi ezine-spray ukuze umswakama ungafinyeleli i-substrate ngokwayo. Isivuno sokuqala samakhowe singavuna ezinyangeni ezingu-2-2.5.

Uyazi? Ngezimo ezidalwa kahle futhi ushiye ithani lomhlabathi, ungakwazi ukuvuna kuze kube ngu-200 kg wezinambuzane, okungukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwamabhuloki kungama-20%.
Indlela ngayinye yokulima ama-mushroom inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, ngakho-ke ungakhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele ngokwakho ngezinsiza nezinsiza ezikhona.