I-fir iyimithi ye-coniferous yomndeni we-Pine. Esendle, itholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zeNyakatho Hemisphere, kusukela ekutheni kuya ematheni. Indawo engokwemvelo ye-fir ihluke kakhulu.
Ngokuvame ukutholakala emahlathini okuthiwa yi-coniferous, kodwa futhi ingakhula kokubili okuxutshwe nokuqhathaniswa. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda konke okudingayo ukwazi nge-fir lapho ukhula e-dacha.
Uyazi? Igama lesi sitshalo linezimpande zaseJalimane. Igama lesiRussia lisuselwa egameni lesiJalimane elithi Fichte (ngesi-spruce).
I-Fir: incazelo yesitshalo
I-genus ye-fir ayiyona iningi kakhulu, encwadini eyodwa ingathola incazelo yezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50. I-Fir isesimweni semithi, ukuphakama kwayo okungaba ngu-80 m, nezihlahla ezingekho ngaphezu kwama-50 cm.
Lesi sitshalo sinesimiso esinamandla, esiyisisekelo sezimpande. Nakuba i-fir isitshalo esihlala sihlwanyela, asikwazi ukuziqhenya ngokumelene nokuqina kweqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayibekezeli umoya omile, kanye nentuthu kanye negesi.
Amagxolo e-fir encane ashelelekile futhi ahlanzekile, ngobudala iba mkhulu futhi aqhekeke. Isici se-fir asikwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kwencazelo yomqhele, onomumo ohlangene futhi uqala ngqo kusukela phansi kwesiqu. Amagatsha alesi sitshalo ahlelwe njalo ngonyaka.
Izinaliti eziqinile zilula, ziphelele, zihlanjululwe phansi. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto eziningi, i-auburn tint engcolile ayibonakali ezinaleni ze-fir ebusika, futhi imivimbo emibili emhlophe ingabonakala kusuka phansi kwesinaliti ngayinye.
Ama-cones ama-fir wesifazane ayi-cylindrical noma ovoid. Ama-specimens abesilisa afana nama-cones wamacici. I-Fir ingahluma kusuka enzalweni, kodwa le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi idla isikhathi, ngokuvamile lesi sitshalo sakhula besebenzisa i-cuttings.
Uyazi? Izigaxa eziqinile zinyama, kuyilapho bonke abanye be-conifers bexhomeke.
Ukutshala impova kwenzeka ngosizo lomoya. I-Fir in culture ingahlala iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu endaweni eyodwa. Okulandelayo, sibheka indlela yokutshala lesi sitshalo endaweni yakho.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo ye-fir
I-Fir - hhayi isitshalo esingenasisekelo, ukutshala kwayo ngaphansi kwamandla engadini. Isitshalo esidala asesabi imimoya, kodwa imithi encane inezimpande ezingahambi ngokujulile, futhi umoya onamandla ungabhidliza isitshalo emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvikela isitshalo emimoyeni oqinile.
Ukutshala kungcono kakhulu entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli, kodwa i-fir ingatshalwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekwindla.
Ukukhanyisa i-fir
Ilanga elinamandla lingalimaza lesi sitshalo, ngakho-ke i-penumbra ingcono kakhulu ku-fir. Ukutshala kungenziwa kokubili ngamaqembu futhi ngabanye.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-fir ifuna umhlaba
Ngama-fir azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zenhlabathi, kodwa kungcono ukhethe okuvundile. Okuwukuphela kwento engafanelekile enhlabathini kungukuthi amanzi ahlasele.
Kubalulekile! Nakuba i-fir ithanda umswakama, ukuqhuma kwayo kuyingozi ekuthuthukiseni isitshalo, ngakho-ke umhlabathi kufanele uchithe kahle.
Indlela yokutshala i-fir ku-dacha
Ukutshala kwe-fir e-cottage ehlobo ephakathi kwamandla wonke umuntu, akukho lutho olulukhuni kulokhu.
Okulandelayo, sicabangela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi singalungisa kanjani umgodi wokutshala bese uhlwanyela isitsha.
Ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngomgodi
Ngaphambi kokuba utshale i-fir, udinga ukwenza umgodi wokufika. Ukulungiselela kumele kuqale amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokufika. Ubukhulu bomgodi kumele bube ngu-60x60x60 cm, kepha lezi zibalo zingase zihluke, kuye ngobukhulu bezimpande zenzalo.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthulula amabhakede ambalwa emanzini emgodini, bese ugoba phansi emgodini ngesigamu se-bayonet yefosholo bese ubeka izitini eziphukile noma itshe elichotshoziwe lapho ungqimba ungalingana no-5 cm.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokwayo, udinga ukwengeza:
- 1 ingxenye ye-peat;
- Izingcezu ezingu-3 ze-humus;
- 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi;
- Izingcezu ezimbili zobumba;
- 250 g ye-nitrophobia;
- 10 kg we-sawdust.
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo ze-fir
Izimpande zenzalo ziyanconywa emgodini ukuze intamo yempande ikwazi ukuphakama.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izimpande zesithombo kufanele ziqondiswe. Ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi imisiwe kahle, bese isitshalo kumele siphuze.
Ukuze uthole ama-fir alleys, ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngu-4-5 m, ngokuhlwanyela iqembu, izithombo zingasondelene (cishe 3 m okuxekethile futhi 2-2.5 m amaqembu aminyene).
Indlela yokunakekela i-fir ezweni
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Fir isincoma esilula. Ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe uzothola umuthi omuhle noma shrub.
Indlela yokuphuza i-fir
Ukuphuza i-fir akudingeki neze, ngaphandle kwezihlobo ezinomswakama onothando. Badinga ukuchelela izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi ngayinye uma isimo sezulu somile. Izinhlobo ezisele ziyoba nemvula eyanele yemvelo, ngeke zidinge ukuchelela okufakelwayo.
Ukudla okuphephile
Ukudla kufanele kuqalwe kungakapheli eminyakeni engama-2-3 emva kokutshala. Le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, i-100-125 g ye-Kemira-universal isetshenziselwa umanyolo esihlahleni somuthi.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwezithombo ungakhohlwa ukususa ukhula njalo futhi ukhulule inhlabathi. Ukujula kokukhipha akufanele kudlule u-9-12 cm. Futhi, inhlabathi ezungeze isiyingi somuthi iyoba usizo kumathamini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-peat, i-wood chips noma i-sawdust, esakaza isendlalelo esingu-6-8 cm.
Kubalulekile! Kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-mulch ayihlali eduze kwentamo.
Ukuhlobisa okuqinile: indlela yokuma umqhele wesihlahla
I-Fir ngokwayo inesimo esiqinile somqhele, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi singadinga ukwakheka okungeziwe. Zonke lezi zinqubo zenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukususa amagatsha amakhulu futhi abomile kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ukukhiqizwa kwalesi sitshalo akuyona inkinga, ngoba kungenzeka ukukhula fir kusuka sprig. Isiqu kufanele sibe ne-apical bud; izinyanga zifanelekile ukutshala. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala, i-fir ikhule kancane, kodwa inqubo isheshayo.
Ukutshala imbewu ye-fir isivamile, njengoba lesi sitshalo se-coniferous singenakuzithoba.
Uyazi? Ngezinye izikhathi amagatsha aphansi e-fir agxilwe yiwo ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. I-cuttings efanayo ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo kwe-fir.
Izinambuzane nezifo eziyinhloko ze-fir
U-Fir angahlushwa izifo nezinambuzane ezihambisana nezinye izici. Ngezifo ze-fungal, i-fir iphathwa ngekhambi le-sulphate yethusi.
Kusuka ezinambuzane zisebenzise ukuphalaza izinambuzane. Ukuze kuvinjelwe i-fir ezidalwa izinambuzane nezifo, lezo zelashwa zenziwa njalo entwasahlobo.
I-Fir - isitshalo esimangalisayo se-coniferous, ukutshala nokunakekela okungathathi isikhathi sakho esiningi.
