Ukubeletha nokugcinwa kwezinkukhu ibhizinisi elinenzuzo futhi elithakazelisayo. Kodwa imboni yenkukhu inezinkinga zayo, ikakhulukazi izifo zezinyoni.
Izinkukhu zasemakhaya, kanye nezinye izidalwa, zihambisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene nezifo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, i-laryngotracheitis esithathelwanayo - isifo esiyingozi somoya wokuphefumula.
Nge-laryngotracheitis ezinkukhu, i-trachea ne-larynx mucosa, isikhumba semisipha, kanye ne-conjunctiva ziyathinteka.
Uma inkinga ingaxazululwanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi esifushane yonke inyoni yezinyoni izovezwa yisifo. I-Laryngotracheitis ibangelwa igciwane lokuhlunga.
Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngabantu abagulayo nalabo abaphulukile. Zonke izinkukhu, amajuba, ama-turkeys, ama-pheasants angenwa yisifo. Ngokuvame ukwelashwa izinkukhu.
Inyoni egulayo ithwala igciwane iminyaka engaba ngu-2. Ukusabalala kwe-laryngotracheitis kungenxa yezimo ezimbi zokugcina izinyoni: ukuphuza umoya okuncane, ukuqhuma, ukungondleki, ukudla okuncane.
Ziyini izinkukhu ezithathelwanayo ze-laryngotracheitis?
Ngesikhathi sokuqala i-laryngotracheitis yabhaliswa ngo-1924 e-United States. Abacwaningi baseMelika uMeyi noTitsler balichaza ngo-1925 bawabiza ngokuthi laryngotracheitis.
Lesi sifo kamuva sachazwa ngokuthi i-bronchitis esithathelwanayo. Ngemuva kwama-1930, i-laryngotracheitis ne-bronchitis ezithathelwanayo zaziwa njengezifo ezizimele.
Ngo-1931, isifo se-larynx ne-trachea sasihlongozwa ukuba sibizwa ngokuthi i-laryngotracheitis esithathelwanayo.
Ngalesi siphakamiso esenziwe eKomidini ngezifo zezinyoni. Ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sifo sasisakaze yonke indawo, kuhlanganise nase-USSR.
Ezweni lakithi, i-laryngotracheitis esithathelwanayo yaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1932 ngu-R.T. I-Botakov. Khona-ke wabiza lesi sifo nge-bronchitis esithathelwanayo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, abanye ososayensi bachaza lesi sifo ngaphansi kwegama lesimanje.
Ama-Pathogens
I-agent causative ye-laryngotracheitis igciwane lomndeni Herpesviridaebabe nesimo esiphezulu.
Ububanzi bayo buyi-87-97 nm. Leli gciwane alinakubizwa ngokuthi liphikelela.
Isibonelo, uma kungekho izinkukhu endlini, ufa ezinsukwini ezingu-5-9.
Emanzini okuphuza, igciwane liqhubeka lingekho ngaphezu kwelanga elingu-1. Ukuqhaqhazela nokuyomisa ekheniwe, futhi uma kutholakala ilanga, igciwane lifa emahoreni angu-7.
Izixazululo ze-alkali ze-kerazole zinciphisa igciwane ngemizuzwana engu-20. Esikhathini segobolondo samaqanda, singadlula amahora angu-96. Ngaphandle kokuhlanza amanzi, ungene eqanda futhi uhlale unesizotha izinsuku ezingu-14.
Kuze kube izinyanga ezingu-19, igciwane le-herpes lihlala lisebenza ezinzimbeni ezibandayo kanye nezinsuku ezingafika ku-154 ezindaweni zokudla okusanhlamvu kanye nempaphe. Ngenkathi ebandayo, igciwane lihlala emoyeni kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-80, ngaphakathi endlini kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-15.
Izimpawu kanye nezinhlobo zesifo
Imithombo eyinhloko yegciwane yizinyoni ezigulayo nezigulayo.
Lezi zinsuku aziguli emva kokunakekelwa, kodwa eminyakeni emibili emva kokugula kuyingozi ngoba bayayifaka igciwane endaweni yangaphandle.
Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngomoya osulelekile.
Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngemikhiqizo yokubulala, ukuphakelayo, ukupakisha, izimpaphe kanye nokuhla.
Kulesi simo, ukutheleleka kuyo yonke imfuyo kwenzeka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sisakazeka ehlobo nasekwindla.
Inkambo nezimpawu ze-laryngotracheitis ezinkukhu zincike ngesimo sesifo, isithombe somtholampilo, izimo zezinyoni.
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe laryngotracheitis sisuka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwenyanga eyodwa. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo kulezi zindlela ezintathu.
Okubukhali obukhulu
Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho lesi sifo singakaze sibonakale ngaphambilini. Uma ukutheleleka okunamandla kakhulu kungena phakathi Izinkukhu ezifika ku-80% zingatheleleka ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Ngemuva kokutheleleka, izinyoni ziqala ukuphefumula ngobunzima, umoya wokugwinya ohahayo, ukudonsa umzimba kanye nekhanda.
Ezinye izinkukhu zinomkhuhlane oqinile, zihambisana negazi eligwinya.
Ngenxa yenkinga yokuqoqa, inkukhu iyazamazama ikhanda, izama ukuthuthukisa isimo sayo.
Endlini lapho izinkukhu ezigulayo zigcinwa khona, ukukhishwa kwemfucumfucu kungabonakala odongeni nasemhlabathini. Izinyoni ngokwazo ziziphatha ngokweqile, kaningi zihlala zodwa, zivale amehlo.
Inkambo ye-hyperacute laryngotracheitis ihambisana nokuhamba kwesondo, okuzwakala ngokuzwakalayo ebusuku.
Uma abalimi bezinkukhu bengenzi lutho, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa izifo zenkukhu ziqala ukufa ngokulandelana. Ukufa kuphezulu - ngaphezu kuka-50%.
Cihla
Ngefomu elimangalisayo, lesi sifo asiqali ngokungazelelwe njengendlela eledlule.
Okokuqala, izinkukhu eziningana zigula, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa - ezinye. Inyoni egulayo ayidli, sonke isikhathi ehlezi ngamehlo ivaliwe.
I-Host hosts uqaphele ukucindezela nokucindezela okujwayelekile.
Uma ulalele ukuphefumula kusihlwa, ungazwa kungavamile ukuba izinyoni ezinempilo zikhawule, zikhwele noma imisindo enomsindo.
Unokuvinjelwa kwama-laryngeal, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula nokuphefumula ngomlomo.
Uma endaweni ye-larynx ukubamba i-palpation, kuyobangela ukukhwehlela okuqinile. Ukuhlolwa komlomo kuzokuvumela ukuba ubone ama-hyperemia nokuvuvukala kwezingqimba zomunyu. Ezingxenyeni ezimhlophe zama-larynx zingabonakala - ukukhishwa kwe-cheesy.
Ukususwa okwesikhashana kulezi zimfihlo kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yenkukhu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-21-28 zokugula, bonke abanye bangase bafe ngenxa ye-asphyxia ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwe-trachea noma i-larynx.
Okungapheliyo
Leli fomu le laryngotracheitis ngokuvamile liyi-sequel enzima. Lesi sifo sihamba kancane, izibonakaliso zenzeka ngaphambi kokufa kwezinyoni. Izinyoni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-15 zezinyoni ziyafa. Abantu bangaphinde baphathe inyoni ngaleli fomu ngenxa yokugoma okungapheli.
Ngokuvamile kukhona uhlobo oluhlangene lwe-laryngotracheitis, lapho amehlo nekhanda lamakhemikhali lamanzi lichaphazeleka ezinyoni.
Kuvame kakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane kuze kube nezinsuku ezingama-40 ubudala. Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, ama-chinks ezinkukhu akhubazekile, i-photophobia iso iqala, futhi bazama ukufihla ekhoneni elimnyama.
Ngefomu elimnene, amathoyizi alulame, kodwa angase alahlekelwe ukubona.
Ukuhlonza
Lesi sifo siqinisekiswa ngemuva kokuvula futhi siqhuba ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri.
Ukuqhuba isifundo se-virological, izidumbu ezintsha, ukuphuma emthonjeni wezinyoni ezifile, kanye nezinyoni ezigulayo zithunyelwa ochwepheshe esibhedlela.
Bahlukanisa igciwane emibungu yezinkukhu futhi benze ukuhlonza okulandelayo.
I-bioassay ezinkukhu ezikhukhumezayo nayo isetshenziswa.
Ngenkathi yokuxilongwa, izifo ezifana nesifo seNewcastle, i-mycoplasmosis yokuphefumula, isikhukhumba, ne-bronchitis esithathelwanayo ayifakiwe.
Ukwelapha
Lapho lesi sifo sitholwa, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukwelashwa.
Azikho izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ze-laryngotracheitis, kodwa ukwelashwa okuphawulekayo kungasiza izinyoni ezigulayo.
Ungasebenzisa ama-antibiotics ukunciphisa umsebenzi wegciwane kanye ne-biomitsin ukunciphisa ukufa kwezinkukhu.
Kanti futhi ekwelapheni izinkukhu ezithathelwanayo zama-laryngotracheitis, njengezinye izinyoni, izidakamizwa zisebenzisa streptomycin kanye ne-trivitokuyinto enikezwe nge-intramuscularly.
Kanye nokudla, kunconywa ukuba unikeze i-furazolidin: kubantu abadala ngezinga lika-20 mg ngalinye ngo-1 kg wesisindo somzimba, ezilwaneni ezincane - 15 mg ngo-1 kg wesisindo somzimba. Ekudleni kwezinkukhu, kubalulekile ukufaka amavithamini A no-E, okuchitha ama-fat cells.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela ukugula kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uphilise indawo lapho izinyoni zihlala khona.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele abe khona. Ukuze uthole ukungcola okuxubile kwemithi ye-chlorine-turpentine, ama-aerosol aqukethe i-lactic acid.
Okwesibili, ukugoma kungasetshenziswa. Ezindaweni ezinokuqhuma okuvamile kwesifo, ukugoma okuphilayo kuhlinzekwa izinyoni ngokusebenzisa amavesi angasese kanye nezono ze-infraorbital.
Kukhona amathuba ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lezi zinyoni zingaba yiziphathimandla zegciwane, ngakho-ke lesi sizinga kuphela iphuzu lokuvimbela.
Umuthi wokugoma ungashuthuka ube yimpaphe yezinyoni noma ujove emanzini okuphuza.
Kukhona umuthi owenzelwe ngokukhethekile izinkukhu ezivela "I-VNIIBP"Ngokujwayelekile, amatshwele agonywa kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-25 ubudala, ecabangela isimo se-epizootological.
Uma umnotho uphumelela, ukugoma kwe-aerosol kuyenziwa. Umgomo uhlanjululwa ngokusho kwemiyalelo futhi uchithelwa endaweni yokuhlala kwezinyoni.
Emva kwalokhu, ukuwohloka kwesikhashana esimweni sezinyoni kungenzeka, okunyamalala emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Isivikelo esiwumphumela sigcinwa izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Enye indlela yokugoma - cloaca. Ngosizo lwamathuluzi akhethekile, igciwane lisetshenziselwa i-membrane ye-mucous ye-cloaca futhi ihlutshiwe isikhathi esithile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, inqubo iphindwe. Ngemuva kokugoma, i-membrane ye-mucous igwetshiwe, kodwa emva kwalokho i-immunity eqinile ikhiqizwa.
Uma lesi sifo sibonakala endlini eyodwa, zonke izinkukhu zithunyelwa ekuhlatshweni okuhlanzekile, ngemva kwalokho igumbi lingenalo i-disinfected kanye ne-biothermal disinfection. Ukufika kwamapulazi ezinkukhu nokuphuma kwabantu abavela ensimini kuvunyelwe ngemuva kokuhlanza izicathulo ngokucophelela.
Enye yezinyoni ezingavamile yi-Tsarskoye Selo ukuzalwa kwezinkukhu. Funda kabanzi ngaye!Ungaqhuba ugesi oluhlukile endlini yangasese. Yonke imininingwane iyatholakala ku-: //selo.guru/stroitelstvo/sovetu/kak-podklyuchit-elekstrichestvo.html.
Ngakho-ke, i-laryngotracheitis yisifo esiyingozi esithathelwanayo sezinkukhu okumele zonke izilimi zezinkukhu ziqaphele. Ngokuqaphela lesi sifo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukugcina izinkukhu ekuhluphekeni nasekufeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
