Sekuyiminyaka eminingi manje, ukugcwalisa ubhiya kuyaqhubeka kube uphawu oludumile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngabalimi ukuba banambitheke kahle futhi babe nezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, ukukhiqiza okuningi ngonyaka, kanye nokugcinwa okulula kwezihlahla zezithelo.
Akashiywa ngaphandle kokunaka emibuthanweni yabadumi abadumile. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, ezinye izinhlobo zama-apula ezingamashumi amabili zitholiwe ngosizo lwazo.
Uhlobo luni?
Kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zehlobo lehlobo. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi i-White ripens (uma ama-apula evuthwa) uvuthwe, - ama apula okuvuthwa ekuqaleni kuze ku-Agasti 25. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ezinyathelweni ezimbili.
Ekuqaleni, ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Agasti, kanye neqoqo elilandelayo ekupheleni kwehlobo - eminyakeni engamashumi amabili.
Ama-apula awasekho isikhathi eside, ngokushesha ahloselwe ukubola, izinguquko kwikhwalithi kanye nezakhiwo ze-pulp. Kuba okukhululekile futhi okungenakwenzeka. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-20.
Ungasindisa kanjani isivuno?
- Zama ukususa ama-apula emthini ngokucophelela. Ungafaki. Ukuze ususe i-apula, yibophe ngesandla sakho sonke bese upheqa kalula egatsheni. Ungasusi isitembu.
- Ama-apula awiwe awakwazi ukugcinwa.. Isikhumba sincane, silimale kalula futhi sibhekene nemibimbi.
- Izithelo ezinempilo kuphela nezithelo zifanelekile ukugcina. (akukho ukukhwabanisa, izinti, ukubola).
- Ukuvuna kungagcinwa emabhokisini enkuni emiphongolweni, egazini noma epholile. Ungafaki ama-apula komunye nomunye, kodwa kuphela koqweqwe olulodwa.
Incazelo yokugcwalisa i-White grade
Futhi nansi isithombe segatsha le-apula ezihlukahlukene, ukuthululwa okumhlophe ngezithelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zinikeza izimfanelo zayo siqu, lapho zingabonakala khona kwabanye.
Cabangela izici eziyinhloko ze-aple ezihlukahlukene eziphulukayo.
- Izihlahla ze-Apple zingaphakathi. Umqhele ubukhulu obukhulu, obuthakathaka, ubujamo obubanzi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuba ngaphezulu. Emthini omdala (14-16 ubudala) ungafinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ububanzi.
- Amagxolo amagatsha amakhulu kanye ne-shtambe i-gray grey.
- Amahlumela awahlanganisiwe, ubude obuphakathi, ama-fleecy, abomvu nombala nge-tinge yomnqumo. Amafihledi we-Vegetative ahlelwe, aphuzi.
- Amaqabunga aphakathi, ama-ovate, amancane, ama-fleecy, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaqabunga amahlamvu asho.
- Ama-apula amaphakathi. Umuthi omncane ukhulu futhi ungafinyelela amagremu angu-125-150, futhi kumuntu omdala - amagremu angu-60-70.
- Izithelo zizungezile-zinobuciko, zithinta i-calyx, ngezinhlangothi ezilinganayo, isiqu siyisikhathi eside.
- Faka umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala ohlangothini oluseningizimu. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nokuba khona kwe-suture (isikhumba sesikhumba), ukukhanya okungafani nokufana nekaPapirova.
- Umnsalo ujulile, ububanzi, kancane kancane. I-Calyx ivaliwe. Imbewu yincane, i-brown brown.
- Ama-apula anomunandi omnandi omuncu.. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engashintshi, kanye nokulungiselela ukukhishwa kwekhaya nokumisa.
Akuvamile ukudayiswa noma ukukhiqizwa, ngoba kunzima ukuthutha izithelo.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuqukethwe okushukela okuphansi. (cishe ngo-8-9% isithelo ngasinye), enothile nge-ascorbic acid (kuze kufike ku-21-22 mg / 100 g).
Umlando wokuzala
Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe - ukukhethwa kwezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Ama-Motherland -Baltic. Umzalisi ovelele wase-Ukraine uSimirenko L.P. wayiyisa ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zaseRashiya.
Eminyakeni yamuva, yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi iPanogue Papirova. Ngisho noma ku-thirties, i-Horticultural Reference Guide yama-Agronomists inikeza izici eziyinhloko kanye nokungafani kwezinhlobo ezimbili. Abacwaningi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uPapirovka uyisithombo sokugcwalisa ukuGcwele.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, emakhakheni aseBaltics, amagama ahlukahlukene ala mapulazi agcinwa: I-Popierinis yiPapirovka, futhi ukugcwaliswa kwe-Belyl ngu-Baltasis Alivinis.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zifakiwe kwiRejista Yombuso yezifunda eziningi zaseRussia, ngaphandle kwe-Ural, Far East naseMpumalanga Siberia.
Izinhlobonhlobo zifanelekile ngokukhula eCentral Russia.. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ama-apula atshalwa esifundeni sase-Middle Volga, lapho abantu bebiza khona izihlahla iPudovschina noma i-Dolgostebelka.
Ukuthela
Ukuvuna kokuqala kuvela eminyakeni engu-5-6 emva kokutshala. Umuthi omncane ungaveza cishe u-100-150 kg wezithelo ngesikhathi ngasinye.. Amacala ayaziwa futhi afinyelela ku-200 kg kusuka ku-apula.
Njengoba bekhula, ama-apula abe amancane futhi isivuno siyancipha.
Naphezu kokungaphumeleli (ukuthutha okuncane, ukukwazi ukubola kanye namazinga aphansi okuvuthwa), Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kuphakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile. Ihambelana kahle ekukhuleni ezindaweni ezihlukene, inikeza isivuno esikhulu, sinambitheka kahle. Izinhlobonhlobo ziye zahlonywa iminyaka eminingi futhi ziye zakwazi ukubamba insimu yabalimi abaningi.
Ngakho-ke, sithemba ukuthi ufunde konke okufunayo ekuchazeni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula. Amavidiyo ahlobene:
