Engadini yanamuhla, eyakhiwe ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bamuva, kuhlala njalo indawo yamapheya amakhulu. Zikulungele kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kahle kwezolimo, okuhloswe ngazo ukukhulisa izivuno zekhwalithi elihle, izithelo ezihlwabusayo.
Enye yalezi zinhlobo ukuthi abalimi bavame ukuthakazelisa ezihlukahlukene pear Bere Russkaya. Lo ngummeleli okhanyayo womndeni wonke wezinhlobonhlobo zezinwele, igama eliqukethe igama lesiFulentshi elithi "Bere".
Zonke zazo zihlangene uphawu oluyisisekelo - i-oiliness yokuqhafaza uginipha emlonyeni (igama lesiFulentshi beurre lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ibhotela").
Uhlobo luni?
Iphakathi kweBere Russkaya ibhekisela kuze kube yizinhlobonhlobo zekwindla nobusika sekwephuzile. Ngokusho "ikhalenda" yezinto eziphilayo, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, okuvumela ukuba zisuswe emthini, kwenzeka cishe maphakathi no-September.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziphuzile, azikhuthazwa ukuba zisuswe ngaphambi kwenkathi ecacisiwe. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukunikeza izithelo ukuvuthwa esihlahleni.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwabo. Ngendlela, lawo mapheyi avuthiwe angahle avele avele emagatsheni kuze kufike ngesikhathi sokususwa, akufanele ukhathazeke - iziqu zibafaka ngokuqinile emthini.
Ngokuqondene nokuvuthwa kwabathengi - isikhathi lapho amapheya agcina khona ukunambitheka okunamnandi kanye nezimo zezimpahla, kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uyadla ukudla, kuzohlala kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ekupheleni kukaJanuwari.
Izinhlobo zasebusika zihlanganisa amapheya kaJanuwari, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Fairy, Nike.
Ngokomgomo wokukhulelwa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeBere Russkaya ziyingqayizivele isitshalo se-self-infertile. Lesi sigaba sinezilimo zezitshalo, ezingenakukwazi ukuzitholela impova yi-pollen yazo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokukhulelwa okuvamile, isitshalo esinjalo sidinga izivunguvungu zangaphandle - izihlahla eziphakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esifanayo nesihlahla sempova.
Le peyari indawo ehlukahlukene yetafula ye-dessert.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
I-Bere Russkaya ehlukahlukene yi-pear Ukukhethwa kwe-Voronezh. Wadalwa kwi-horticultural isayensi nesisekelo sokuzalanisa I-Rossoshanskoy izitshalo nezitshalo zokuhlola iziteshi zendawo (Rossosh, esifundeni saseVoronezh).
Umlobi wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-pear uye waba Anna Mikhailovna Ulyanischeva - umbhali waseSoviet owaziwayo.
Kusukela ema-50s ekhulwini lokugcina, waqhubeka nomsebenzi kababa wakhe nomqondisi, umsunguli wesiteshi seRossoshansky, uDokotela wezoLimo lwezoLimo uMikhail Mikhailovich Ulyanischev, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe obuningi be-apula nezinhlobo ze-pear ezakhiwe ezweni lase Voronezh.
Ukuze uthole i-Bere Russkaya ngezindawo zayo zangempela, umbhali weveli yawela "ezihlukahlukene" zakudala zaseMichurin zasebusika. Bere ubusika Michurina (manje leli peyari lilahlekelwe inani layo lokukhiqiza futhi lahlala kuphela engadini ezidala) ngezinhlobo zaseAbelgium ezihlukahlukene Forest Beauty.
Zombili amasiko omzali anakho isivuno esikhulu, ubumnandi obubusika obuhle kanye nokubekezela kwesomiso, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuzaleni okuphumelelayo ezindaweni ezihlala eRussia ngesimo sezulu esiphezulu.
Izitshalo eziphezulu nazo ziboniswa yiCathhedral, Rossoshanskaya Beautiful, Orlovskaya ubuhle, Autumn Yakovleva, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva.
Ngo-1984, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamapheya zithunyelwa ekuhlolweni okuhlukahlukene koMbuso. Zoned "Bere Russkaya" ngu Isifunda Sendawo Ephakathi Nendawo Nendawo YaseRostov.
Incazelo Bere Russkaya ehlukahlukene
Le peyari inezici zayo eziqondile zangaphandle nezakhi. Iqoqo "i-portrait" yeBere Russkoy kanje:
Isihlahla
Isihlahla esijwayelekile sihlukile ubukhulu obuphakathi. Umbala wegxolo ohlanganisa isitshalo sesitshalo kungenzeka ube mnyama noma uhlaza obomvu.
Crown, amagatsha. Umuntu omdala unesiphakamiso esiphezulu, se-pyramidal.
Amagatsha okugcina amagciwane ukuze umuntu omdala athole umbala omnyama obomvu. Ubuningi bomqhele bubonakala ngobuningi obuphakathi noma obuphansi.
Amahlumela. Ukuqina okulinganiselwe, amahlumela aqondisiwe ahlukaniswa ukuhlanganisa kancane. Ezingxenyeni ezinamahhashi anombala omnyama, kune-pubescence.
Zihlanganiswa kakhulu ezingekho, amalenti amancane. Ama-Buds amahlumela avusa kahle. Ukuhluma okuphakathi kwekhanda kutholakala kolchatka.
Amahlamvu. Amaqabunga amancane. Ifomu abafana neqanda, izingodo zabo zikhonjisiwe. Ishidi elincinyiwe kancane "i-Bere Russkaya" libhekwa yi-matte, cishe cishe alikho isicwebezelisi, ubuso bunombala obumnyama obombala, obunombala obhejane we-bluish. Amahlamvu agcinwa esihlahleni ngokusebenzisa ama-stalk aphakathi nesikhathi eside.
I-Inflorescences Izimbali ziphuma efihlekile, zibe nombala omhlophe futhi obomvana. Imifino enesisindo esenziwe nge-saucer enezindwangu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe isayizi encane futhi inephunga elibonakalayo.
Izimbali eziningana ziqoqwe ngesibhulashi esifana nesifane, esiphakathi. Ukuze amapheya e-Bere Russkaya abonakale ngezimbali zakuqala.
Izithelo
Ubukhulu bezimapheya zaleli banga lishintshashintsha medium kuya enkulu.
Njengomthetho, ubuningi be-fetus akukho ngaphansi kuka-140 g, isisindo esiphezulu sabhalwa ku-200 g. Izithelo zizungezile nge-cone.
I-dense, ngokugqama okucacile kwekhasi ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa nokukhukhuka okukhulu.
Umbala oyinhloko wepear ovuthiwe i-yellow yellow, engxenyeni yesithelo kungumbala obomvu obomvu. Kunezinto ezincane ezibonakalayo ezincane ezibonakalayo.
Ngomhlophe ngethunzi elimnandi, u-pulp ubhekwa ngokuvumelana okunamandla, okunomsoco ocebile kanye namafutha amaningi. Izinhlanzi eziphakathi kwe-pear zinkulu kakhulu, zinombala obomvu.
Izithelo zihlala egatsheni sreddlinnye izithelo. Ukubukeka kudluliselwa ochwepheshe kulinganiselwa kumaphuzu angu-4.8 (ngesilinganiso se-5-point).
Isithombe
Izici
Ngokwesimo sokuqala (iminyaka yesitshalo sesithelo uma iqala ukuthela izithelo), izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeBere Russkaya zibhekisela izinhlobo eziphakathi kwephakathi. Isivuno sayo sokuqala sihlahla uqala ukunikeza kusukela eminyakeni engu-6-7.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lobugugu bungumlingiswa womuthi okhulile kuwo Central Chernozem isifunda sezolimo. Lapho uhlwanyela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngezimo ezihlukene zezulu, ukungaqapheli kweBere Russkaya kungashintsha.
Kule ndawo, izinhlobo zenza kahle: Hera, Carmen, Marble noLada.
Emasimini esifundeni "somdabu", izihlahla zalezi zihlukahlukene zibonisa isivuno esihle. Izilinganiso zalesi parameter ziyi ezingeni lika-155-157 abaphakathi kwehektha elilodwa.
Ezikhathini ezihle kakhulu, isivuno singase sibe mkhulu kaningi, noma kunjalo, Isivuno esiphezulu sabhalwa kwabalinganiselwa ku-598 abaphakathi kwehektha ngalinye.
Inzuzo ecacile yale peyari ijwayelekile izithelo zayo eziphakeme.
Nokho, ngomqondo othize, ukuntuleka kweBere Russkaya kungaba yisithiyo ekufezeni isivuno esiphezulu. ubunzima bebusika obuphakathi nendawo.
Isihlahla ayibekezeli kahle amaqhwa esifundeni -30 - -32 ° ะกokuyinto evamile kakhulu eRussia ephakathi. Ngakho-ke, abalimi balima lezi zihlukahlukene, batusa ukuthatha izinyathelo zokufudumala.
Amaqhwa angenangqamuzana phakathi kwezimbali zamapheya ayingozi kakhulu.
Ngokuyinhloko, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 1999, esifundeni saseVoronezh, ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku -5 ° C, i-100% frosting ye-inflorescences yabhalwa.
Uma umlimi esebenza njalo futhi enza ngokunembile zonke izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezidingekayo, angahlela ngokuphepha izinga lokukhiqiza lesi sitshalo sesithelo.
Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kunomthelela ekhunjeni eliphakathi kwe-pear eliqinile, ngenxa yalokho izithelo zingagcinwa ngobuningi isikhathi eside futhi zihanjiswe ngokuphepha emakethe.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphakathi kwebusika-eziqinile zihlanganisa: i-Bere Bosk, i-Duchess, i-Northerner, i-Samara Beauty, i-Fairy Tale.
Iyajabulisa futhi ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kwezithelo ezimnandi (4.8 amaphuzu ukunambitha ukuheha).
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali wepeyari:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 10,7% |
| I-acid titrated | 0,25% |
| I-ascorbic acid | 10.5 mg / 100 g |
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulima nokuphumelela komuthi ukutshala. Ukuze kuvikelwe isivuno esizayo samapheya avela ehlathini, kusukela ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ukukhetha kwengxenye engenamoya engadini kungakwazi.
Ngalesi sici, isayithi lokufika kufanele likhanyiswe ngokukhanya kwelanga futhi lingagcini ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuqeda ingozi yokuqothulwa kwesimiso sezinto ezilimazayo, kunconywa ukuba uhlele umhlabathi emanzini endaweni yokulima.
Endaweni ekhethiwe ukumba umgodi wokufika cishe 1 m ubujulile no-65-70 cm ububanzi. Emgodini oholelekile uchithe ibhakede lamanzi elaphelile 2 izibuko ze-lime-fluff. Ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala, umgodi kufanele ushiywe okungenani ngesonto.
Ukutshala izihlahla kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi emva kokuba kugcwaliswe uhlelo lwawo lwempande ngomhlaba (inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba ixubane nama-humus (2 amabhakede), isihlabathi (2 amabhakede) kanye nengilazi ye-superphosphate) intamo yentamo iphuma emhlabathini kuze kube ngu-5-7 cm.
Eduzane kwakunjalo ngaleso sikhathi wanisela ngamabhakede amabili namanzi ungqimba lwe-humus omisiwe ne-sawdust.
Ukunakekelwa komuthi okunempilo kusho ukuphuza njalo izitshalo, ukukhulula eduze-stem ingadi, ukusika izihlahla amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu, ukwelashwa kusuka ezifo ezikhona.
Buka amathiphu wevidiyo abalulekile mayelana namasu okulima:
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zeBere Russkaya zibonisa ukuphikiswa okunamandla ku-powdery isikhutha kanye nesikhumba.
Funda konke mayelana nezifo ze-pear: Ukushisa kwama-bacterial, //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Ukugqwala.
Kodwa-ke, ezikhathini ze-epiphytotic, lapho kunezifo ezinkulu ezihlasela izihlahla zezithelo, izifo ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe zingase zithinteke yi-Septoria.
I-Septoria - Isifo esivamile kakhulu sefungal of pears. Lapho ehlula isihlahla, amabala amaningi amhlophe-ahlanzekile avela emaqabunga, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sinegama lesibili - indawo emhlophe.
Ngokuvamile izindawo zokuqala ezibuhlungu zivela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Uma ungavimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, kuholela ekujuleni kweqabunga lamaqabunga futhi kuqiniswe isitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhono lomuthi ukulwa nesithwathwa liwohloka.
Uma izinyathelo zokuzivikela zingathathwa ngesikhathi, futhi ukutheleleka kwenzekile, i-pear kumele iqale ukuphulukisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, izihlahla nomhlabathi zifakwe nge-nitrafen (300 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuqhakaza.
Ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nazo zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Bere Russkaya zizonikeza umlimi wensimu umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ojabulisa umthengi ngendlela enambitheka kakhulu.
