Umuthi we-Apple ungenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu nezithelo zeberry.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze umuthi uhlale esihlalweni, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izici zokukhula nokuzinakekela.
Uhlobo luni?
Izihlahla ze-apula ezimangalisayo ziyihlobo le-apula eliphelile ehlobo. Amandla okugcina ama-apula afinyelela enyangeni - le nkathi kuncane kakhulu kunezinhlobo zehlobo. Gcina ama-apula kufanele abe emiphongolweni.
Ukuvota
Ukuvota impova kuyenzeka kahle nge-Bratchud kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlelwe.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo
Izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo kuyinto bonsai yemvelo.
Njengoba i-apula iyimifino emangalisayo, izihlahla ziphansi kakhulu: kwi-rootstocks encane, ukukhula kufinyelela kumamitha ayisigamu nesigamu, futhi ku-rootstocks ephezulu-ukukhula - ngamamitha amabili kuphela.
Umqhele we-apula ugcwele, ngakho-ke usakazeka, cishe ufika emhlabathini, njengokungathi usakazeka kuwo.
Esithombeni ungabona izithelo ezinhle ze-apula. Ngokuyinhloko, ukubukeka kwama-apula kufana nomsizi walo - ezihlukahlukene zika-Eliza Ratke.
Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zikhula kakhulu - Isisindo sesilinganiso singama-gramu angamakhulu amabili.
Isithelo sinomumo ohlangene, uhlelwe kancane. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqhuma kancane kungase kwenzeke.
Ububanzi bombala - ophuzi nohlaza. Ehlangothini elibhekene nelanga ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuneziphazamiso ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ezibomvu zesikhumba. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi ama-apula esihlahleni awahlanganiswa nanoma imuphi umbala.
Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esincane kukhona amaphuzu obuthakathaka. I-pulp yezithelo iyakhaka, iyamanzi, ilukhuni, isanhlamvu enhle. Ukunambitheka okumnandi - okumnandi nokumuncu, kune-aftertaste emnandi.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-apula kunempahla ewusizo. Izithelo zinenhloso yonke: zisetshenziselwa ukupheka i-jam, i-compote, ijusi, zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza iwayini.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe edolobheni laseChelyabinsk ngabalimi beSouth Ural Scientific Research Institute. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo yizo ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi elihlanganisiwe elitholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili: i-German Eliza Ratke kanye nohlobo oluhlukahlukene lweRussia u-Uralskoye. Umlobi wezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakalayo kubhekwa njengomkhulisi owaziwa uMikhail Alexandrovich Mazunin.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Inhlobonhlobo ehlukahlukene ye-apula bakwazi ukukhula ezindaweni ezahlukene eRussia ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo eziphakeme: okuhle ukumelana ne-frost nokuphikiswa umoya.
Ukuthela
Lezi zihlukahlukene zibhekwa njenge-skoroplodny.
Kakade uneminyaka emithathu emva kokutshala kuqala ukuthela izithelo.
Isivuno sivame futhi sivame, nomuthi owodwa ungasusa amakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili esithelo. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Agasti. Ngendlela, ukukhula komqhele ngesikhathi sokuvuna kuba yindlela elula yokukhetha izithelo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Umuthi ngamunye wesithelo udinga ukutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu okuvunwayo okuhle.
Izihlahla ze-apple ezinamahlathi zivame ukuheha abalimi ngokuzihlanganisa kwabo. Ukuze ugweme ukukhwabanisa lapho uthenga isiteji, Kumelwe kuthengwe emasimini akhethekile.
Kungcono ukutshala izihlahla noma ekwindla zakuqala (kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba) noma entwasahlobo (endaweni ethile phakathi no-Ephreli). Izimpande zezithombo kumele zigcinwe ezigqoko ezinomanzi.
Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe isakhiwo sokutshala i-apula esincane kakhulu njengoba kungenzeka khona indawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngoba izithombo zithinteke kakhulu nesomiso futhi zingafa ngokuntula okuncane komswakama.
Imithi ingahlwanyelwa kude kumamitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Umgodi ugobe kuze kube yingxenye yamamitha ajulile namamitha angu-70 ububanzi. Ukuze isithombo sithole impande emhlabathini, ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba kufanele luhlanganiswe ngokwehlukana nama humus. Khona-ke, cishe amalitha ayishumi amanzi kumele athululelwe e-recess ngaphambi kokugcwalisa ingxube.
Ukuthungatha kusethwe kule ndawo, isayithi lokuhlanganiswa lomuthi kufanele likhuphuke ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu se-seedling kufanele iqhutshwe kahle futhi yenze umquba wokunisela okulandelayo..
Umthetho oyinhloko wokunakekelwa komuthi we-apple omncane uyamisela ngokwanele.. Ihlobo kufanele lenziwe masonto onke.
Ngemuva kokunisela noma emva kwemvula, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla kumele ikhululwe ngesikhathi sehlobo. I-apula ngayinye udinga amalitha ayishumi amanzi, kungabi ngaphansi. Esikhathini sasehlobo, ukondla kokubili okwanele: isisombululo se-1 kuya kwezingu-20 se-inkukhu sifanelekile, noma isilwane senkomo - isilinganiso se-1 kuya ku-10.
Isihlahla esilandelayo kufanele senziwe ngesikhathi sokuvuna, kudingekile ukuze ubukhulu besithelo buhlale bufanayo, futhi buwusizo ekwandiseni impilo ye-apula.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala ekwindla, ukusika izihlahla namagatsha okonakalayo okukhula nge-angle ejulile kuya esihlahleni kwenziwa.
Lapho umuthi ufinyelela eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba khona kwe-fruiting, i-apula ngempela Kubalulekile ukondla isilwane esinama-fertilizer. Amagremu angamashumi amathathu we-nitrogen, i-potassium noma i-phosphorus ayokwanela ukudla okwanele.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika, kufanele kusetshenziswe amanzi amancane ukuze umuthi we-apula unomswakama okwanele ngesikhathi sokubandayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukwenza kube lula ku-apula ukubekezelela amaqhwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane zezinkuni zibhekwa njengezinambuzane eziyingozi kunazo zonke zezihlahla zama-apula.
Kuyinto bark beetle kanye nezilinganiso ezinambuzane.
Inzima yokubhekana nabo ilele ukuthi izinambuzane zijulile emagqumeni, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukuthola.
Izinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga, amaqabunga nezimbali zehlahla akuyona ingozi kakhulu emithini yama-apula: amacimbi nezinyosi. Izinambuzane ezivamile zithanda izithelo ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu ekuvuneni. A i-aphid ngokweqile idonsa isisindo sokuphila se-apula, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu emthini.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokulawula izinambuzane:
- Izinkuni kumele ziphathwe ngekhemikhali ekhethekile - urea noma, ngokukhuluma nje, urea. I-sulfate ye-Copper nayo isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulima. Ukwehliswa kwesihlahla somuthi, okudingeka kukhishwe kabili ngonyaka, kuphelele kubantu abahlala emagqumeni. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlanzwa okuhlanzekile kwegxolo - ngakho unciphisa inani lezinambuzane eziyingozi.
- Izinambuzane ezilimaza amahlamvu, zingasuswa ngesandla, bese uqiniseka ukuthi ushisa.
- Ukulwa ne-beetle yamagxolo, "i-mink" yayo emagqabeni kufanele ihlatshwe ngetambo, bese-ke le ndawo kufanele isetshenzwe nge-sringe. Ama-insecticide afaneleka njengokulungiswa kwamakhemikhali.
- Ukuqeda izinambuzane ezibangela ukulimala izithelo zezihlahla ze-apula, kufanele ubambe umhlabathi eduze komjikelezo womuthi wesihlahla. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba Ngokuvamile lezi zinambuzane ezingaphezu kwezinambuzane ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi namaqabunga awile. Kunconywa ukuba ngezikhathi ezithile ususe amaqabunga awile futhi uwabhubhise.
Ukuze ungachithi isikhathi, amandla nemisipha ekwelapheni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe: izihlahla ze-apple nezifungicides (ithusi sulfate, i-sulfate enefriji, i-Bordeaux liquid), ihlanza futhi ihlanze umcibisholo wesihlahla, ihlolwe njalo umqhele wesihlahla - indawo oyintandokazi yezinambuzane izindawo zokuhlala.
Vimbela ama-debris ekukhuleni umuthi noma amahlamvu ahlazayo. Uma ulandela le mithetho elula, uzobona ukuthi akukho inkathazo eyodwa ezokwazi ukugxila kwisihlahla se-apula, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ngeke ibe nesikhathi sokuzala inzalo yayo. Izinhlanzi ezinobuthi zisindisa kusuka kumagundane - ukubhekana nabo kancane kancane kunezinambuzane. Unganaki umuthi wakho - futhi ngokuqinisekile uzojabulisa ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Okumangalisayo Okumangalisayo kunezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo.
I-Apple tree yalezi ezihlukahlukene idume ngesivuno sayo esivamile futhi esiningi, izithelo zihlangabezana nezidingo ezinzima kakhulu zokulima.
Isihlahla asidingi ukuvikeleka okhethekile nokunye okuvela ku-frost, kunokuphikisa okuhle kwesifo esivamile - isikhumba. Ama-apula anempahla ephezulu ye-organoleptic, futhi ukunakekelwa komuthi kulula futhi kulula.
