I-Gelenium inezici eziningi kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo singummeli womndeni weCompositae futhi sitholakale kumasiko kusukela ngo-1635. Nokho, imbali yaqala ukuchazwa emsebenzini kaKarl Linnaeus ngo-1755. Zonke izitshalo zalezi zinhlobo zingaba nokuphakama okuhluke ngokuphelele kwehlathini, futhi kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene, zihluka kusuka ku-30 kuya kwezingu-150 cm. Imibala yenziwa njalo ngemibala efudumele futhi ingaba yimibala eyodwa noma imibala emibili noma ye-variegated. Amaqabunga e-Lanceolate.
I-gelenium evamile kakhulu etholakala eNyakatho neMelika Ephakathi. Manje emhlabeni kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zokuhlala gelenium, ukulima okungafani nezinkinga ezikhethekile.
Uyazi? Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sathola igama layo ngokuhlonipha uMeneus umfazi - U-Helena, owabangela ukungezwani nempi phakathi kukaTroy noGrisi.
Ukukhula kwe-gelenium kusuka kumbewu
I-Gelenium yisisombululo esihle kunazo zonke kulabo abafuna ukuhlobisa ingadi yabo ngezimbali zombala ekwindla ngesikhathi izitshalo eziningi sezivele ziqhakaze (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi ukutshala imbali ehlathini kulula, nakuba kungathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaflorisi).
Isizathu sokuba nesithakazelo esincane kakhulu ekuzaleni izitshalo siseqinisweni lokuthi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwembewu ye-helenium ilahlekelwa yizici zayo ezihlukahlukeneokuyinto evame ukungalungi okukhulu. Ngokuqondene nombuzo othi "Nini ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-gelenium?", Lapha kuqala kunesidingo ukunquma ukuthi uzokhula kanjani ngempela gelenium: ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo ezikhulayo, noma ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma ukhulile indlela yokutshala, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu kuphelela ngoFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi, kanti lapho kuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile kusekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Indlela yokusakaza ngendlela efanele imbewu ye-gelenium, sizokhuluma ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo, kubalulekile ukuzinqanda. Le nqubo ihlala ezinyangeni ezingu-1 kuya ku-1.5. Emgodini wokutshala, kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu bese uhambisa inhlabathi, bese uhlanganisa ifilimu bese uyibeka endaweni ebandayo, ebumnyama (isiqandisini singcono kakhulu kule njongo) amaviki ayisithupha. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezilodwa nesigamu, isitsha esinezinhlamvu kufanele sithuthele endaweni efudumele, izinga lokushisa eligcinwa ku-18 ... + 22 ° C. Imbewu kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okufakelwayo (isibani se-fluorescent sizoba yindlela engcono kakhulu). Lapho iziqu zivela emaqenjini angama-2-3 angempela, amaqhinga athuthukile, izithombo zingatshala ezindebe ezihlukene.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala izithombo kusuka ku-tankfuthi akudingeki ukuhlanza impande yomhlabathilapho isitshalo sasikhula khona.
Uma utshala izithombo endaweni evulekile (mhlawumbe ngoMeyi, lapho umhlaba usufudumele), ukujula komgodi wokutshala kufanele kube mkhulu kunamakhulu amathathu kunesilinganiso se-coma yomhlaba. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zesitshalo kufanele zifakwe kahle futhi zibekwe kude ka-25-30 cm komunye nomunye. Emva kokutshala imibhede ihlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-humus.Izitshalo ze-gelenium ezikhulayo ngeke zikulethe izimbali ngesikhathi sokuqala, ngakho kufanele ube nesineke futhi ulinde izimbali zonyaka owodwa.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma ungenayo isikhathi noma ikhono lokuhlwanyela imbewu yokukhiqiza, ungahlwanyela i-helenium ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Umsebenzi wokuqala wale nqubo awudingi umzamo omkhulu. Udinga nje ukumba indawo yokutshala futhi ukuyihlanza kancane nge-humus, umquba noma i-tof, qiniseka ukuthi unqande imbewu. Kungcono ukuqala le nqubo kusengaphambili, ngoba ngokwesilinganiso isikhathi sayo siphezu kwenyanga. Uma i-stratification iqhutshwa, imbewu enqolobaneni ehlukile ixubene ne-sawdust emanzi bese ishiya esiqandisini (noma kwenye indawo emnyama ebandayo) inyanga. Ngemuva kwalokho, impahla yezinhlamvu isilungele ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna ukuhlunga nokuhlwanyela imbewu, iphakamisa izinga lezithombo.
Emhlabathini, udinga ukwenza ama-grooves, noma imigodi, ukujula kwe-3-5 cm bese uhlwanyela kuyo imbewu. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa / imigodi enjalo kumele okungenani ibe ngu-25 cm. Izitshalo ezihlwanyelayo kufanele zihlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-humus, ezizovikela izitshalo kusuka ekugqibeleni kwezinga lokushisa kanye neqhwa. Uzobona amahlumela okuqala emavikini angu-2-3.Ukukhetha indawo ye-gelenium ekhulayo
I-Gelenium inebukeka obuhle kakhulu futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko ekukhuleni imbali ukuwugcina, ngakho-ke ukutshala nokunakekela lesi sitshalo kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana neminye imithetho, owokuqala okukhethwa kuyo indawo yokutshala imbali. Ukuze igelenium uzizwe ukhululekile kungcono ukubeka endaweni efudumele, elele kahle. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo ngeke sife emthunzini noma emthunzini oyingxenye, nakuba ukuchichima kwezimbali kungancishiswa.
Inhlanganisela yegelenium nezinye izitshalo
I-Gehlenium kule design landscape ayikwazi nje ukuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kodwa futhi ihlobisa ingadi yakho "ngayinye". Isibonelo Ama-helenium amade ahle kakhulu ekungeneni okukodwa ngokulandelana kwesizinda jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezide zifanele ukuhlobisa izicingo, noma ukudala "izindonga". 
Uma ukhula izinhlobo ezincane, zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imingcele kanye nezindlela zegadi. Uma zizalisa i-geleniums emide neyifushane, ingahlanganiswa nama-roses, ama-chrysanthemums namabellane. Ngokubodwa, lezi zimbali zizokwenza isakhiwo esihle somusa nokulula. Izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo zibukeka zinkulu enkampanini ngokukhohlwa-mina-nots: inhlanganisela yama-hues afudumele nabandayo abangeze imfihlakalo emklamo.
Uyazi? Amaqabunga e-cut gelenium awaqhakazi emanzini, okumele acatshangelwe lapho ehlela imihlobiso.
Indlela yokunakekela i-gelenium emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukunakekela i-gelenium akudingi ukuzikhandla okukhulu noma ukutshalwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwanele ukwenza konke ngesikhathi, ukunamathela ngokucophelela ezidingo eziyisisekelo, bese imbali yakho izohlobisa insimu isikhathi eside.
Ukuchelela okulungile
Into esemqoka okudingeka ukwazi uma ikhula gelenium ukuthi ayikubekezeli inhlabathi eyomile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma uchelela, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo zemvelo zokukhula kwe-gelenium futhi, ezikhathini ezinomile ikakhulukazi, ukuqhuba ukuchelela okuvamile nokuningi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukuvumela ukuqhuma kwamanzi emhlabathini, okuzosiza ukugwema ukubola kwempande.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuba gelenium batusa ukusebenzisa umquba wokunisela.Ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwamanzi emhlabathini kuzokusiza ukukhululeka ngesikhathi. Kunconywa ukufeza le nqubo ngokushesha ngemuva kokunisela, ukuze umoya-mpilo ungene nezimpande zesitshalo, kanye nomswakama. Ukuhluma kuyadingeka nesitshalo, futhi kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoba ukhula luyancipha inhlabathi futhi luthatha umswakama. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwenqwaba yokhula lokhula, isikhathi ngasinye lapho ukhulula umhlaba, udinga ukuthululela ungqimba we-mulch ngaphansi kwesihlahla, indima yayo ehambisana kahle ne-peat noma i-humus.
Ziningi kangakanani nokuthi ungayigqoka kanjani
I-Gelenium, njenganoma iyiphi enye isitshalo segadi, idinga izakhi ezengeziwe.
Umanyolo wezidingo ze-gelenium ngezigaba ezintathu:
- okokugqoka kokuqala kwenziwa ngenyanga eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi, lapho ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo iqala ukuthuthukisa (ngalesi sikhathi ungasebenzisa i-urea noma yimuphi umanyolo obunzima omanzi, futhi kusuka kwindaba ephilayo efanele ukumnika umfutho we-mullein);
- okwesibili, i-helenium idinga ukondliwa ukuze ivuselele izimbali (kungcono ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwamanzi: engeza amalitha ayishumi amanzi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, 1 tbsp yama-Agricola-7 no-1 tbsp we-Agricola-fantasy);
- okwesithathu isitshalo sondliwa ukuze sisize "sibe namandla" ngaphambi kokubusika (kulokhu, umanyolo osuselwa ku-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate kufanele isetshenziswe).
Uyazi? "Ukweqa ngokweqile" lesi sitshalo asikwazi, ngoba kuyobangela ukukhula okukhulayo kobumnyama obuluhlaza, kanti izimbali ziyobe ziningi kakhulu.
Ukuphanga ama-inflorescences
Ukunciphisa ama-inflorescence akudingeki ukuba uhlakulele isihlahla, kodwa ukuze uthuthukise izinga lezimbali. Kuze kube sekugcineni, unqume ama-inflorescences ambalwa namahlumela, kodwa ususe konke akufanele. Kwanele ukusika ama-inflorescences amagatsha amancane kakhulu. Enye inkohliso: uma ususa lawo maqabunga asevele aqhakaza, izimbali ezintsha zizokwakha endaweni yazo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ufuna ukwenza isitokisi sibe yi-branched ngaphezulu, vele uqede izingqongqo zalo.
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo ze-gelenium
Naphezu kokuthi i-gelenium ikhula emhlabathini ovulekile, imelana nemithi yonke yezifo nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, eyingozi kunazo zonke isitshalo se-chrysanthemum nematode - isifo esikhona lapho sikholwa ukubonakala kwamagqabi amaqabunga namaqabunga, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-hilinium ilahlekelwa ikhono layo lokuqhakaza. Uma ubona le nkinga kwisitshalo esisodwa, khona-ke udinga ukusingatha wonke ama-geleniums. Ukwenza lokhu, bathululeka (kuze kufike ku-+50 ° C) ngamanzi, nomhlabathi ojikeleze ehlathini ofafazwe nge-lime noma isulfure.
Esinye isifo esivame ukubonakala ku-gelenium sibolile. Ukuzigwema, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokuchelela ngokucacile, futhi uma inkinga isivele ikhona, ingasuswa ngokukhulula inhlabathi nokuphatha isitshalo ngamafungicides.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, zingabhubhisa kalula ngokuphatha lesi sitshalo ngamanzi asozini (ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo) noma ngezinambuzane (ngesikhathi "ukuhlaselwa" okukhulu).
Kubalulekile! Okuyinhloko isinyathelo ekuvimbeleni izifo nokubonakala kwezinambuzane kukhula ngesikhathi esifanele, kanye nokuhlanza amaqabunga awa phansi ngaphansi kwehlathi, ngoba amabhaktheriya amaningi nezinambuzane zihlala ukhula namagatsha awile.
Nini ukuqoqa nokuthi ungagcina kanjani imbewu ye-gelenium
Uma unquma ukulungiselela imbewu yokuzalela i-gelenium, ukuyiqoqa ezimpilweni zakho, khona-ke kufanele ukwenze ngokushesha, ngoba ngesikhathi semvula ekwindla ivele ibole. Umhlanga omnyama nezimbali ezibulalayo ezivele zimnyama ngenkathi imbewu ilungile "izokutshela" ngesilinganiso sokulungelelwa kwezinto zokuhlwanyela imbewu. Kungcono ukugcina imbewu esikhwameni sesineni, emva kokuwabeka endaweni eyomile. Kunconywa ukufaka isikhwama ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ukuyibeka eshalofini ukuze singakwazi ukufinyelela egundini.
Naphezu kokuthi imbewu ye-helenium kulula ukuthola ezitolo zanamuhla, zingase ziqoqwe kalula. Noma kunjalo, abalimi abaningi bathambekele ezindleleni zokusabalalisa imifino yemifino, ngoba ukuhluma kwembewu akukona okwanele, kanye nokuphepha kwezimfanelo "zabazali".
Wintering gelenium
Ukuze ukwazi ukujabulela izimbali ze-gelenium yakho nangemva kokubusika, imbali kufanele ilungiselelwe kahle. Izitshalo ze-helenium zinqunywe ukuze kungabonwa ngaphezu kuka-10 cm emhlabathini. Imibhede lapho i-gelenium ikhula khona idinga ukuhlanganiswa ne-sawdust, peat noma humus, ukubeka ungqimba we-mulch okungenani u-5 cm. Uma uhlala esifundeni esincane seqhwa, khona-ke udinga ukumboza izimbali ne-lutrasil, okuyinto esikhundleni seqhwa okuvikela isitshalo kusuka efrijini.
Ukutshala nokuhlukanisa izihlahla ze-gelenium
Abalimi abaningi, i-gelenium ekhulayo, bakhathazekile ngombuzo: "Nini ukutshala imbali?". Kubalulekile ukwenza le nqubo kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, ngoba lesi yisikhathi esilungile kakhulu sokuthi inani elanele lehlumela elincane lenze futhi ukuthi amahlumela embali angabi "ukuphuma" emhlabathini. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla ze-helenium kulula kakhulu ukufeza kunokuba wenze umsebenzi ofanayo nanoma yikuphi okunye okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngoba njengehlathi elikhulayo ngokwalo lihlukaniswe ngamasokhethi. Ngeke kube nzima ukuyihlukanisa nesihlahla somama: isitshalo sigubhulwa emhlabathini futhi sihlanzwa kahle ngokunamathela enhlabathini, sizama ukulimaza uhlelo lwempande. Khona-ke, ezindaweni lapho amahlathi ehlukaniswe khona, ukusika kunenziwa ngethuluzi elibukhali, ngokushesha kuhlanza ukusika ngamakhadi noma ukuphatha nge-decoction engadini, emva kwalokho i-gelenium itshalwe emhlabathini.
Izinhlobo ezikhushulwa ze-gelenium
Kulezi zinhlobo ezingu-30 eziziwa manje zezitshalo ezichazwe, ezimbalwa zazo zikhulile ngokugcwele emasimini, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo. Ngolunye ulwazi mayelana namamaki adumile kakhulu sizoxoxa ngokuqhubekayo.
Gelenium Bigelow
I-Gelenium Bigelow (i-Helenium bigelovii) - ayijwayelekile kunezinye. Izwe lazo ezihlukahlukene libhekwa njengengxenye esentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ku-80 cm ukuphakama. Amahlamvu alezi zinhlobo yi-lanceolate, ephelele. I-inflorescences inkulu kakhulu - kufika ku-6 cm ububanzi. Izimbali ezinobuthi ziluhlaza futhi izimbali zomsongolo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziqala izimbali zayo ngoJuni, futhi iyaqhubeka kuze kube nguJulayi. 
I-Gelenium Spring
I-Helenium Spring (i-Helenium vernalis) - isitshalo esingapheli esifike ekuphakameni kwemitha eli-1. Amaqabunga angama-lanceolate, aphelele, enemibala e-oval, enemibala eluhlaza. Izimbali zikhulu kakhulu, zifinyelela ku-7 cm ububanzi. Izimbali zomsongolo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi izimbali ezinobuthi zibomvu. Izimbali ziqala ngaphambi kwe "Bigelow" (kusukela maphakathi no-May) futhi zihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. 
Uyazi? I-Gelenium "Spring" - elifanele ngokuphelele ngisho naseSiberia ngenxa yokumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa.
Gehlenium Gupesa
I-Helenium Gupesa (i-Helenium hoopesii) - i-herb ende, ifinyelela ku-90 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga angama-grey-green lanceolate, aphelele. Esikhathini eside peduncle kuyinto inflorescence olulodwa umbala ophuzi okhanyayo, kuze 9 cm ububanzi. Ukuqhakaza kuphela inyanga: kusuka June kuya July. 
I-Gelenium Autumn
I-Gelenium Autumn (i-Helenium autumnale) - uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu ngabalimi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo. Iziqu eziqukethe lezi zinhlobo zifinyelela ku-160 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga amancane asayizi, "ahlotshiswe" yi-grayskins. I-inflorescences ebuncane ingafinyelela ku-30 cm. Izimbali zesibindi ziba nombala ophuzi ophuzi, kanti izimbali zomsongolo zinombala ophuzi (umthunzi okhanyayo) futhi zihambisana ne-tinge ebomvu. 
Kubalulekile! Lezi zinhlobo ziyaqhakaza izinyanga ezimbili: kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSeptemba.
I-Gelenium hybrid
I-Helenium hybrid (i-Helenium x hybridum) - iqembu lazo zonke izinhlobo "ze-illiquid" ze-helenium. Isixhumanisi kuphela phakathi kwabo yifomu yasekuqaleni - i-Autumn Helenium. 
Njengoba ubona, zonke izivande zingathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zegelenium "ngokuthanda kwakhe." Izimbali ezikhulayo zilula kakhulu, futhi ukubonakala kwazo kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi yefomu elihlanziwe, ukulula kwezimbali zasendle nombala welanga. I-Geleniums izoba yinto ephakeme kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukuklama komhlaba futhi izokujabulisa iminyaka eminingi. Kwanele ukubeka uhla lwethando nokunakekela ezimbali.
