Ukukhetha ibanga lasebusika le-apple-tree for a garden, kubalulekile ukuqondiswa izimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu. Kufanele kube nobusika-obuqinile, okukhulayo okusheshayo nokuzinikela phezulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeNyakatho Synapse nazo zonke lezi zici. Uye wathandwa ngabalimi iminyaka eminingi.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Synaph yaseNyakatho iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yasebusika.. Ijwayele izifunda ezifana neCentral Black Earth, i-Lower Volga, i-Middle Volga ne-East Siberia. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziqala ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ama-apula avuthiwe avuthwe izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu kwisitoreji, athatha ukunambitheka futhi athole ukubukeka okuhle. Izithelo zibhekwa nokugcina isikhathi eside futhi zingagcina ukunambitheka kwazo kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngisho nangaphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zama-apula ebusika kuxhomeke ezimweni ezinikeziwe. Kungenzeka noma yiliphi igumbi elifanele elikwazi ukugcina ukushisa okuqhubekayo kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-1 ° C kanye nomswakama womoya wezingu-80%. Izithelo ezinemibala emihle noma ezihlanganiswe ephepheni zigcinwe emakhadini noma iziqukathi zokhuni.
Ukuvota
"I-synapse yaseNyakatho" iyingxenye yokuzimela. Ukwandisa izivuno Kunconywa ukuyihlwanyela eceleni kwezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-apula njenge-Antonovka ejwayelekile, iSlavyanka, i-safari ye-Pepin, i-Pomon-isiShayina.
Incazelo izinhlobo Northern Sinap
I-apula ekhulayo eqinile ene-pyramidal ebanzi futhi engekho emgqeni omkhulu.
Isithombe sichaza isihlahla se-apula sezinhlobonhlobo zeNyakatho Synapse, futhi ngokucaciswa okucacile, incazelo eningiliziwe yomuthi inikezwe ngezansi.
Bark emagatsheni omzimba kanye nombala wegrey grey. I-Brown ihlumela kancane, i-pubescent iphinde ihlanganiswe ngamalenti amancane angavamile. Amaqabunga amaphakathi ajwayelekile anemibala eluhlaza okomnyama. Amaphethelo amaqabunga ama-oblong ayama-serrated-ciliated futhi aphakanyiswe kancane. Izimbali zama-pink ze-apula-sihlahla esikhulu.
Izithelo ezinesisindo esisuka ku-90 kuya kwezingu-150 g zihluka ngendlela efakwe emgqonyeni.. I-peel yama-apula ibushelelezi futhi ekugcineni iba amafutha. Ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa, umbala wesithelo uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuphakama kwisitoreji, ama-apula athola imiphongolo ebomvu (obomvu).
Mhlophe nge-green tinge pulp yama-apula amanzi futhi ahlelwe kahle. "I-Northern Synapse" inomusa omuhle futhi omnandi kakhulu..
I-100 g yama-apula aqukethe u-102 mg we-vitamin P no-11.5 mg we-ascorbic acid. Isivuno sifanele zonke izinhlobo zokucubungula: ukuvuna izithelo ezomisiwe, ukulungiselela amakhemikhali, ukulondoloza kanye nama-juice.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Hlunga Bred phakathi nekhulu lama-20 yi-breeder owaziwa S.I. Isaev eMoscow Biological Station. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1927, I. I. Michurin wathumela imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo Kandil-Kitayka kumsosayensi ukuze enze izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika-eziqinile nama-apula wokugcina isikhathi eside.
Nge-pollination yamahhala ye-apula eyathunyelwa, umbelethi wathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, okwakuyiminyaka engu-20 yokuhlolwa nokusebenza kanzima kuthiwa yi "Northern Synapse".
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
"I-synapse yaseNyakatho" iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene ebusikaNoma kunjalo, akukhuthazwa ukulima endaweni ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yemingcele yaseningizimu yesifunda saseMoscow.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuvuthwa kwama-apula kudinga ukushisa okukhulu kwehlobo, okuyinto ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngehlobo elifushane angeke liwanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-apula angakafiki ukuvuthwa okufunayo, nokuvuthwa emiphongolweni, ngeke akwazi ukufeza ukunambitheka okufanele nokubukeka okulungile. Futhi ngisho nezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuvuthwa kwisitoreji ngeke zilungise isimo.
Hlunga Kunconywa eMoscow, Kaluga, Smolensk, Oryol, Saratov, Bryansk, Tula, Volgograd, Oryol, eRyazan izifunda. E-Eastern Siberia, izinhlobo ze-stanzale zeNyakatho Synapse zikhulile, ezivikelwe ngempumelelo eziqhingweni zeqhwa neqhwa.
Ukuthela
"I-synapse yaseNyakatho" iyaphawuleka ngomkhiqizo wayo ophezulu. Isihlahla esisodwa kuphela sinikela ku-170 kg we-apula.
Izithelo zilungele ukususwa ekuqaleni noma phakathi no-Okthoba. Ukuhluma kwesihlahla kuza kuqala.
Ama-apula okuqala avela ngonyaka wesine, ngisho nangonyaka wesibili wokuphila emthonjeni wezintambo. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-apula ishesha kakhulu ukwandisa ivolumu ye-fruiting. Nokho ngokuningi kakhulu kuveza ama-apula ahlehlise. Lokhu kubhekwa njengephutha lesigaba.
Ama-apula "eNyakatho Synapse" akufanele akhishwe ngaphambi kwesimiso, kungenjalo bazolahlekelwa yi-juiciness bese bevuka ngokushesha.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
I-apula "iNyakatho Synaph" iyakhula ngokukhulayo futhi ithola umqhele omkhulu ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, idinga indawo evulekile futhi evulekile kude nemithi ende. Indawo yokutshala kumele ibe yumswakama-absorbable, iphefumula futhi inomhlabathi nge-pH kusuka ku-5.6 kuya ku-6.0. Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu noma enhlabathini.
Umuthi wezithelo awubekezeli amanzi ahlale emhlabathini. Uma isayithi lokufika liphansi ngokwanele, udinga ukunakekelwa kahle kwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lamanzi elingaphansi komhlaba lijule ngamamitha amabili ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Amazwe aseNyakatho Synapse entwasahlobo noma ekwindla kungakapheli u-Okthoba 20. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala zonke izihlahla nezihlahla yisikhathi kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Uma umuthi we-apula uthengwa ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ukuwubeka okwesikhashana engadini.
Ukutshala isampula ngemithetho yonke, kumele uhambisane ne-algorithm elandelayo yezenzo:
- Sima umgodi wokugibela amasonto amabili noma ngisho nenyanga ngaphambi kokusebenza komhlaba. Okokuqala, susa ngokucophelela i-turf, bese ubeka ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba, okuyinto evundile kakhulu. Zombili izingqimba zibekwa eceleni. Okulandelayo, khetha kusuka emgodini olunye uhlaka lomhlaba (ububanzi obungaba ngu-30 cm) bese ulubeka kolunye uhlangothi.
Ubukhulu obukhulu bomgodi buyi-80 cm ejulile futhi buyi-1 m ububanzi nobude. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabameleli abanamandla bezinhlobonhlobo kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-6 ukuya kwangu-7.
- Khipha umgodi ngefosholo elibukhali. Siphonsa phansi emanzini ngesimo sobumba obanzi noma izitini eziphukile. Futhi ngezansi kubeka ungqimba lwezitshalo ze-sod phansi. Sifaka isendla esivundile ngombhobho obolile, umuthi wokhuni kanye neshidi lomquba, 80 g we-superphosphate no-40 g we potassium sulfatei
Gcwalisa umgodi ingxenye yesithathu yale nhlanganisela. Eminye imgodi igcwele inhlabathi evundile ngendlela yokuthi intaba iphakama ibe yi-20 cm high.
- Ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amane, siqala ukutshala i-apula. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, sinqamula amathiphu awonakele ezimpandeni zezithombo kanye namahora amaningana ugobe yonke insimu emanzini ukuze umuthi ugcwale umswakama.
- Sigubha umgodi esakhiweni sebhodi lokutshala elihambisana nobukhulu bezimpande zenzalo. Sakha isigundane phakathi. Sidlulisela isikhonkwane kulo, sinezintambo ezingu-70-80 ngaphezulu komhlabathi.
- Beka i-apula esihlahleni futhi ngokulinganayo uqondise izimpande zawo. Ukugcina isithombo ngesisindo, sigcwalisa umhlabathi nge-void phakathi kwezimpande, bese kuthi umgodi uqobo. Sifaka isithombo ngendlela yokuthi intamo yayo impande ivuliwe 5-6 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
- Khipha kancane umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi futhi usebenzise i-loop yesishiyagalombili ukuyibopha emgodini. Nisela umsila usebenzisa amabhakede amathathu noma amane amanzi. Sithinta ubuso bomhlabathi ozungeza isiqu nge-humus noma i-peat.
I-Northern Synaph, njenganoma iyiphi i-apple yohlu olunamandla, idinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kakhulu sezithelo, kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise amanzi kahle, unciphise ngesikhathi futhi ugcwalise kahle umuthi.
- Ukunisela. Ngesikhathi sekuqala izinsuku ezifudumele, kunconywa ukuthi uchithe umuthi we-apula ngesilinganiso samabhakede amabili ngesihlahla ngasinye okungenani izikhathi ezine ngenyanga. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma kwefruiting nokutshala, ukuchelela okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuqhutshwa ngokusebenzisa ama-groove agubha nxazonke kwesiqu, noma ngokufafaza. Ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula, inhlabathi kufanele ikhululiwe futhi ikhululeke kokhula.
- Ukudubula. I-Northern Synaph ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, ngakho kuphela ngosizo lokunciphisa kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukukhula kwayo ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanele. Le nqubo yenza i-fruiting ejwayelekile futhi ayivumeli izithelo zingabi nakancane. Kakade lapho uhlwanyela, amagatsha e-apula anqunywa kwesithathu.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, amahlumela kufanele anqunywe ngendlela yokuthi umuthi unamagatsha amathathu. Lapho ukhiqiza isitshalo somdala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unomqhubi oyedwa kuphela. Eminyakeni yokuqala, amahlumela anqunywa ngamasentimitha angama-40, futhi eminyakeni elandelayo - ngo-20 cm.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasimu omile, abuthaka futhi aphukile asuswe. Kusebenza ngokusika izihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo.
- Umanyolo. Entwasahlobo kufanele udle umquba we-apple obolile noma ama-humus. Futhi, ukugqugquzela ukukhula kanye nokwakheka kwezithelo, kutuswa ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer aqukethe i-phosphorus, i-boron, i-nitrogen ne-nitrate emhlabathini. Emasontweni ambalwa emva kokuphela kwezimbali, kuyadingeka ukutshala i-apula ngesihlahla se-urea (0.5%), kanye nesonto elilodwa ne-urea elihambisana ne-calcium chloride. Ziningi amaviki amabili asebusika asetshenziselwa ukutshala nge-calcium usawoti.
- Ebusika. "I-synapse yaseNyakatho" imelene nobusika. Nanobe kunjalo, ukuvikela umuthi kusuka efrijini kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukufudumala isiyingi esiseduzane ngendwangu eyanele ye peat noma i-humus. Amagatsha ase-Spruce ngesihlahla sase-spruce noma ama-mesh akhethekile azovikela i-apula yesihlahla sama-apula kuma-hares namagundane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Hlunga "i-Synapse yaseNyakatho" ukumelana nezilokazane. Nokho, yena ingase ihlaselwe amabhuloho, ama-flower beetles noma amabhu. Ukuze uvikele i-apula emanzini ezinambuzane ezivunguzayo, kuyadingeka ukuba ufeze izinyathelo zokuvimbela njalo ngonyaka:
- entwasahlobo uthathe amagatsha omile futhi aqinile, uphulukise amanxeba phezu kwesiqu kanye namagatsha;
- hlakulela emkhatsini wemigqa, mhlophe ukusika, uqoqe i-crook;
- entwasahlobo, phatha indawo yamahlathi kanye nomuthi onamalungiselelo akhethekile ahloselwe ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane.
Zonke izifo zokubhubhisa izinambuzane noma ukwelashwa kwezifo kumele zenziwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30-40 ngaphambi kokuvuna kuqala.
Eminyakeni embi ngenkathi sezulu futhi epholile, i-apula ingathinteka yi-powdery isikhutha kanye nesibalo:
- Idonsa likaMealy. Emahlumela, amaqabunga, amaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescences kubonakala ukuqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka esimhlophe, okwenza kube khona isikhathi.
Amahlumela ayayeka ukukhula futhi ukwakheka kwama-ovari kuyama. Ukwelashwa - ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile. Ngaphambi kokuba amahlamvu aqhamuka - I-Topaz, ngemuva kokuqhakaza - amalungiselelo ethusi, ngemva kokuvuna isithelo - i-Bordeaux liquid.
- Scab. I-bloom ebumnyama iveza emaqabunga, emva kwalokho awela.
Ama-apula avela amaqabunga, izindawo ezimnyama nezimpunga, futhi izithelo ziyeke ukuthuthukisa. Ukwelashwa - ukwelashwa kwezinkuni "okusheshayo" ngesikhathi sehlamvu kanye ne "Hom" ngemva kokubhakabhaka.
Yiqiniso, isihlahla sase-Northern Synapse apula kufanele sikhule engadini yakho. Ukulungisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesihlahla, ungathola isivuno esicebile sama-apula futhi udla nabo bonke ubusika.
Yile ndlela iNyakatho Synapse ibukeka ngayo:
