Imifino yemifino yaseRashiya yendabuko - izimfihlo zokukhula nokukhathalela ensimini, ku-greenhouse nasekhaya

ERussia, sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela i-turnips esekhulile - le mifino igcinwa isikhathi eside, kulula ukukulungisa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-vitamin ne-mineral yokwakheka okucebile okwasiza abalimi ukuba balondoloze impilo yabo ngesikhathi sokushisa okunzima.

Namuhla uye wathandwa kakhulu ukuhlakulela lesi sitshalo emasimini ngisho nasekhaya. Kodwa i-turnips idinga izimo ezikhulayo - ngokuntuleka kokuzala kwenhlabathi, umswakama kanye namafomu okukhanyisa izithelo ezinzima nezomunyu.

Lesi sihloko sitshela mayelana nezinkinga ze-turnip ezikhulayo ekhaya nasezweni.

Izici kanye nokuhlukana okuvela ekutshalweni kweminye imifino

I-Turnip ikhula emhlabathini ovuthiwe ovuthiwe. Umquba omusha womanyolo entwasahlobo awufanelekile - izinga lokugcina lezithelo liwohloka, futhi ukungena kwesithelo kungase kwakha. Abahlezi phambili yizo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, ngaphandle kweklabishi. I-turnip ingahlala embhede 1 nge-turnip, isithombo nesithombo.

Ukuze isithombo seYurophu, i-acidity enhle yomhlabathi ingu-6.7. I-subspecies yaseJapane ikhula kahle emhlabathini nge-pH ye-5-5.5. Izimpande zengu-turnip zinde zidinga ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi.

Ungakhetha kanjani imbewu efanele?

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-turnip zatshalwa eRussia - Western Europe naseJapane.

Ithebula ngezinhlobo zezici

I-1 g iqukethe kufika ku-900 nxazonke, imbewu ye-turnip brown. Imbewu ithengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile. Izindleko zaseMoscow, eSt. Petersburg ezivela kuma-ruble ayi-16 g. Izitolo zaseMoscow ezise-inthanethi zinikeza ukuthumela imbewu kwamanye amadolobha aseRussia ngeposi, ukuthunyelwa kweRussia ngokukhokha ngokusho kwezindleko, kanye nokwenza okuvela endaweni eseduze.

Isithombe

Esithombeni esingezansi ungabona ukubukeka kwembewu ye-turnip nesitshalo ngokwaso.

Lezi yizimbewu ze-turnip:

Futhi lokhu - amahlumela:

Izithombe ezilandelayo - isitshalo esidala:

Izimfihlo zokulima ukulima ekhaya nasezweni

Imbewu ye-turnip iqala ukuhluma ngo-2-3 ºC. Amahlumela avela ngosuku lwesine ngo-18-20 ºC. Ukushisa okwenziwe kahle ukuqala kokusungulwa kwezimpande ngu-12 -15 ºC. I-turnips ikhetha indawo ekhanyiswe ilanga.

Ekhaya

Ukutshala imifino ekhaya:

1. Ekwindla, ukumba umhlabathi ojulile kwenziwa futhi ama-4 kg ama-humus noma ama-compost ayengezwa ngemitha engu-1 nge-addition ye-50 g ye-nitrophoska.
2. Ngomhlabathi we-peat ngomunye u-1mmg kufanele wengeze 1 indebe yokhuni ash.
3. Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umhlaba ukhululiwe ngokuya ku-5-6 cm.
4. Imbewu imisiwe ngaphambi kwehafu yehora emanzini ashisayo ku-50 ºC.
5. Bese baxubene nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 5 futhi bahlwanyela ngokujula kwe-1.5-2 cm.
6. Inhlabathi igoqwe phansi. Phuma esigabeni samaqabunga 2-3 weqiniso - ezinsukwini ezingu-20-25.
7. Shiya ibanga phakathi kwezithombo 3-5 cm.
8. Uma u-re-thinning, ibanga likhuphuke libe ngu-10 cm. Ngemuva kokunciphisa kokugcina, izitshalo ezingama-40-50 kufanele zihlale kumitha yendawo ngayinye.
9. I-turnip, etshalwe emhlabathini entwasahlobo, yanciphisa njengoba kudingeka.
10. Ama-turnips ehlobo lokutshala ama-summer aphuziswa njalo, ikakhulukazi ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhula. Ngenkathi yonyaka, ukukhipha isisindo izikhathi eziningana kanye nokwehlisa.
11. Ukudla okubili okunomsoco okunomsoco.

Kubalulekile! Amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, izimpande ziyeke ukuchelela.

Esikhathini sokushisa

In the abamba ukushisa ngokuvamile kuvame ngaphezulu thermophilic Japanese subspecies of turnips.

1. Kuzo zokugcina izitshalo ezivuthayo, i-turnips ihlwanyelwa eminyakeni eyishumi noma yesithathu ka-Mashi, enezinhlobo ezingu-2-3 ngokuhamba kahle.
2. Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela ku-greenhouse 35x15 cm.
3. Uhluma ukhula futhi unciphise - shiya izitshalo ezinamandla kakhulu.
4. Gcina izinga lokushisa elihle esigabeni sesithombo - 13-15 ºC, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo zempande - 15-18 ºC.
5. Umswakama ohlobene nawo cishe u-65%. Ukunisela kuyenziwa ngamanzi afudumele - 20-25 ºC.
6. Ukuvuna izimpande ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe ezikhiqizwa ngamanani amabili noma amathathu.

Engadini ngaphansi kwefilimu

1. I-Turnip izonikeza isivuno sokuqala, uma itshalwe ngaphansi kwefilimu emagqumeni aphezulu engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli.
2. Hlwanyela imigqa ehlelwe ngo-15 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngama-1m ² utshale i-2 g yezinhlamvu bese umboza nge-foil.
3. Ifilimu isusiwe lapho izithombo zezimpande zihluma.
4. Uma iqabunga lesibili eliyiqiniso libonakala, linciphisa, lishiye cishe u-5 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.
5. Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngokukhetha, ngokushesha lapho izithelo zifinyelela ububanzi buka-4 cm.

Emhlabathini ovulekile esifundeni saseMoscow nakwezinye izifunda zomhlaba omnyama

Emhlabathini ovulekile emadolobheni Ukuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo yokusetshenziswa kwehlobo kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi - ngokushesha lapho inhlabathi ifika ekuvuthweni komzimba.

Imbewu yesibili yokugcinwa kwebusika yenziwa ngoJulayi - ngalesi sikhathi isizukulwane sesibili se-cruciferous flea siyanyamalala, okuvela kuyo iphiji. Ezimweni ezipholile nasezindaweni ezinzima zobumba, i-turnips ikhula kahle kakhulu emagqumeni noma emagqumeni.

Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo ewusizo endleleni yokutshala kahle i-turnip emhlabathini ovulekile:

Izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Ukwephulwa kwemodi yokuchelela izithelo ezibabayo nezesibindi zenziwa. Ukusila njalo kudingekile - ukukhula ngokweqile ngokhula kuholela ekusweleni kwempande nokuqhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
2. Uma amaqabunga ephuzi futhi ekhula kabi, izitshalo zondliwa nge-urea - 1 m² 10-15 g.
3. Ngokuvame ukugoba amaqabunga amancane, banomqondo okhulayo futhi izimpande ziyafa. 1-2 izimpande ezinezimpande ezinezinyosi eziyinkimbinkimbi nge-addition of micronutrients noma izithako zeshidi nama micronutrients zizosiza.
4. Awukwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-perederzhiv emhlabathini - ziba yinto enesihluku futhi ezingenakwenzeka.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukuvunwa kwehlobo kuveza ngokukhetha - khetha izithelo ezifinyelele ku-6-8 cm ububanzi. Ekwindla, ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, kuhlanzekile esinyathelweni esisodwa. Sika iziqongo, unciphise kancane i-taproot bese uyishiya isikhashana ukuze umile phansi.

Ngaphambi kokufaka i-turnip esitokisini, yifake nge-extrai peel. I-turnips igcinwa ezakhiweni ezingaphansi kwamabhokisi, efafazwe ngesihlabathi. Kungagcinwa emabhokisini nge-polyethylene liners.

Microclimate ngesikhathi sokugcina ama-turnips:

• izinga lokushisa 0-1 ºC;
• umswakama wesihlobo 90-95%.

Izimpande ezivuthwe ngamaqabunga aqunyiwe azilahlekelwa izinhlanzi zabo ezinyangeni ezingu-5. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-4 ºC nangaphezulu, izitshalo zezimpande zithinteka kakhulu izifo. Imikhiqizo izohlala ihlanzekile izinyanga ezingu-4-5, uma ugoba izithelo ezihlanziwe ngamasekhondi angu-2 ibe iparafini elishisayo ngokufaka inani elincane le-bexis.

Khona-ke ungabuka ividiyo mayelana nokuvunwa nokugcinwa kwe-turnips:

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-Cruciferous flea ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kunazo zonke izithombo ezincane ze-turnip. Ama-beetles omdala asekhulile asetshenziselwa ukondla i-cruciferous ye-weedy ekuqaleni, bese uqhubekela phambili emahlumela amasha we-turnips - ukulimaza amaqabunga. Izimpungushe zezinyosi ezifakwe emhlabathini zilimaza izimpande.

Ukukhishwa kweklabishi ukuhamba esifundeni saseMoscow kwaba yingxenye yokuqala kaMeyi. Izimpungushe ze-iklabishi fly umonakalo iziqu kanye nezimpande, ukumba zibe izimpande. Amaqabunga aphilile, izimpande zitshalo zingenakwenzeka. Ukwesabisa izimpukane phakathi kwe-turnips etshalwe isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.

Iklabishi moth, egcekeni elimhlophe, iklabishi isikolo sabeka amaqanda ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga. Izibungu zidla izimbobo, zibhubhise lonke iqabunga leqabunga.

Izindlela zokulawula:

• ekwindla okujulile ukumba kwenhlabathi;
• ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi;
• ukutshala ukudla okuqinisayo;
• izitshalo ezinothuli ngokushisa ngomlotha ohlangothini lomhlabathi, noma uthuli oludutshulwe nomlotha noma i-lime 1: 1.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ziyi-fomoz, ngayinye ne-bacteriosis. Ngenxa yokunqotshwa yi-keel ezimpandeni, ukukhula nokuvuvukala kwakha Uma i-fomoze ishiya ama-blue tint, egcwele amabala asundu. Ezimpandeni, lesi sifo sibonakala ekwindla ngesimo sezindawo ezomile namazinyo. I-bacteriosis ye-Vascular ibonakala ekuqotheni kwamaqabunga nokufa kwamathishu e-fetal.

Izindlela zokulawula:

• ukumba ngokujulile phansi;
• inhlabathi yokushayela;
• ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezigulayo;
• ukushintsha kwenhlabathi;
• impande ukugqoka umquba eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izinambuzane kufanele zibhujiswe, ngubani osakaze lesi sifo.

Amathiphu Okunakekela Ukuvimbela Izinkinga

Ukufudumala inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela kokuqala kwe-turnips, izwe limbozwe nge-foil izinsuku eziningana. Ukuvimbela ukubunjwa kwe-keel, inhlabathi enomsoco yi-lime.

Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinomsoco, izithelo zoshukela ezinomuthi ophezulu we-vitamin C, eziphikisana nezifo ze-bacterial, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, isakhi se-boron esilandelayo ngesimo se-borax sitholwa emhlabathini - 1.5 g / 1m².

Ungadluli inhlabathi, njengoba imvula emva kwesomiso eside idala ukubola kwezithelo. I-turnip, ehlwanyelwe ngoJulayi, yakha izimpande ngobuningi obukhulu, isivuno nesinambitheka esihle kakhulu.