Izinhlobo ze-apula Ochwepheshe baseSpartan babhekwa njengezinhlobo zasebusika. Wadalwa eCanada futhi usaziwa kakhulu ezweni lakubo. I-Spartan iphakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziphezulu kakhulu zokuthunyelwa kwama-apula aseCanada.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphawulekayo kulezi zihlukahlukene yindlela yokugcina ephakeme kakhulu, okungukuthi, ikhono elihle kakhulu lokugcina isitoreji eside.
Ake sihlolisise incazelo yenhlobonhlobo yezihlahla ze-apple ze-Spartan nezithelo zazo.
Ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela, ama-apula angakwazi ukulala kuze kube ngo-Ephreli ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa inani lawo lokuthengisa. Gcina izithelo kumele zibe ngamabhokisi enkuni, ekamelweni elihle, elibandayo nelomnyama (njengeplasini).
Uma usungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apula aseSpartan ekushiseni, emva kwesikhathi esithile ziba mnandi, bese ziqala ukwenza kanjalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzithola endaweni yokugcina njengoba zidliwa.
Incazelo izinhlobo ze-Spartan
Esikhathini isithombe ungabona apula kanye apula Spartan futhi ufunde incazelo eningiliziwe izici zomuthi ngezansi.
Isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo sinezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kanye nomqhele obanzi kakhulu, ongenakunakekelwa.
Amahlumela anesakhiwo se-cranked, umbala omnyama we-cherry kanye nobunikazi be-pubescence eqinile.
Amaqabunga alezi zihlukahlukene ngokuvamile amancane, ngezinye izikhathi aphakathi, anesisekelo ngesimo senhliziyo futhi ngempela ithiphu elisontekile. Umbala wamaqabunga uvame ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ingxenye yesiphambano iseduze. Ngokuba i-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene ibonakala ngokuchichima kwezimbali.
Izithelo zeSpartan eziphakathi, ngokuvamile ziphuzi, kodwa nge-big burgundy blush ehlala cishe yonke indawo (ungabona futhi ama-apula ase-Spartan esithombeni). Ngezinye izikhathi kunezithelo ezigcwele ukuqhuma kwe-bluish, okubenza babe nomnyama omnyama noma obomvu.
I-Spartan Round Grade Ama-apulangezinye izikhathi ngezingxenye zesimo esivamile. Ngezithelo, ukukhwabanisa okuthile kuyisici. Imbewu yalezi apula ibonakala njenge-anyanisi. Inyama yesithelo imhlophe, ilukhuni, ingabonakali imifudlana ebomvu, i-juicy kanye nephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kuyamnandi, ngezinye izikhathi kunomuncu kanye nokusikisela kwamakhabe noma sitrobheli. Izisindo ezijwayelekile zesithelo ngokunisela okufanelekile cishe ngu-150 amagremu.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Apple ezihlukahlukene I-Spartan yatholwa ngabalimi baseCanada ngo-1926., edolobheni lase-Summerland esiteshini sokuhlola. Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo zeMeckintosh nePepin Newtown Yellow zasetshenziselwa ukuwelaKodwa-ke, izifundo zamuva zofuzo zibonise ukuthi lo mfundi akahlanganyeli ekukhethweni kweSpartan.
Noma kunjalo, kwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi iMekintosh nguyise waseSpartan - banezibonakaliso eziningi ezifanayo zokuziphatha.
Isifunda sokusabalalisa
Nakuba ibanga liyi-Spartan futhi kubhekwa njengobusika, ukumelana nokuqhwa kwamaqabunga kushicilela kakhulu.
Yingakho ezweni lethu iSpartan likhulile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakathi naseCentnozem Central.
Ezindaweni ezisemaphakathi ze-Central Central Strip yaseRussia, kakade kubanda kakhulu kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo salesi apula yiCanada futhi ingxenye yase-USA.. Futhi ibanga lalamukelwa kabanzi eSwitzerland nasePoland. Isigaba sama-apula aseMelika sokumelana nobusika sichaze indawo yaseSpartan 3-6. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kulula ukubeka ukuthi ngabe i-apartan apula imithi izogxila esifundeni esithile.
Ukuthela
I-Spartan kubhekwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezivelele. C umuthi owodwa kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu, ukunakekelwa kanye nobudala bomuthi bangaqoqwa kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-100 kilograms yama-apula.
I-Spartan ikhiqiza kanye ngonyaka - izithelo zilungele ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala kukaDisemba zigcwele ukunambitheka kwazo futhi zifinyelele ekuvuthweni kokugcina. Ngeshwa, lezi zihlukahlukene zibhekene nokuncipha ngobukhulu bama-apula oneminyaka yobudala bomuthi, ngakho-ke, izingadi kumele libuyekezwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Uma ufinyelela ekuvuthweni, izithelo aziwa phansi, kodwa uhlale e-apula. Kodwa-ke, i-Spartan ingokwezinhlobo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo futhi eziphakeme, ngakho-ke lezi zihlukahlukene zizuzisa ukusebenzisa emisebenzini yezohwebo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Uma unquma ukukhulisa ama-apula aseSpartan, udinga ukuba nomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu lapho ukhetha izithombo - Okuncamekayo kumele kunikezwe izitshalo ezinezimpande ezisekelwe kakhulu.
Ukwengeza, udinga ukusika ngokushesha (kufika ku-40-60 centimeters).
Umqhele we-apula ukhula kakhulu, kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala - izitshalo eziseduze kufanele futhi zibe nelanga elanele. Ngokuvamile watshala izitshalo ze-biennial, futhi baqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engu-3-4.
Iningi U-Spartan uthanda indawo evulekile, engaphazamiseki. Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwe entwasahlobo, kodwa zingase ziwe.
Inhlabathi yokutshala ibalulekile - njenganoma imuphi omunye umuthi we-apula, i-Spartan izwela kakhulu ukungabi nomoya, ngakho-ke umhlabathi kufanele ube okungenani loamy. Umhlaba wobumba uzobhubhisa umuthi. Nokho insimu ingakhula ngisho nasenhlabathini enhle kakhulu, uma uqala ukufaka isanti lomfula ehlanganiswe ne-peat kuso.
Ngesikhathi isayithi lokufika liqunyiwe, udinga ukulungisa imbobo. Yena ukujula kufanele okungenani kube ngamasentimitha angama-70, nobubanzi - akukho ngaphezu kwamamitha. Ngaphansi komgodi kufanele ufake ububanzi bomhlabathi ovundile, okumele uqale ukuxubaniswa nama-fertilizer (amaminerali noma ama-organic aphezulu), bese uhlanganisa wonke ungqimba lomhlabathi ngaphandle kwamanyolo.
Emaphethelweni emgodini, kufanele uqhube isigxobo ukuze umuthi omncane we-apple unakekelo. Udinga ukusingatha ngokucophelela izithombo, zama ukuzulazula phansi kuwo.
Emva kokutshala, umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi kumele uhambele njengokuqina ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uhlobo lomkhumbi kumele lwenziwe emgodini.
Emva kwalokho, udinga ukuqala ukuchelela - udinga ukuthululela amanzi aze angagcini, emva kwalokho inhlabathi ezungeze indawo yokufika ihlanganiswe ne-peat.
Ekugcineni, kufanele uthathe intambo eqinile noma i-twine futhi ubophe ngokucophelela umuthi we-apula esigxotsheni..
Ukunakekela i-Spartan ehlukahlukene ayinalo ukuhluka okuhlukile kokunakekelwa kwezinye izinhlobo zebusika zezihlahla ze-apula. Ukuze ukhule izihlahla ezinempilo, futhi njalo futhi ngokuzithandela uthela izithelo, kufanele ziphuze, zikhishwe futhi zondliwe. Ngokuqondene nokuchelela, ngesikhathi esishisayo nesomile kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye ngesonto.
Ukulingisa imvula kuyoba yindlela ewusizo kunazo zonke yezihlahla zokunisela, ikakhulukazi njengoba lokhu kuyisilinganiso esilungele ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane.
Kodwa-ke, uma unquma ukusebenzisa "ukuchelela kwemvula", kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma uyichitha ngosuku olushisayo, izitshalo zingathola ukushisa okukhulu, ngakho-ke inqubo kufanele ihlehliselwe kusihlwa noma ekuseni. Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukhulule inhlabathi, uzame ukulimaza izimpande zezihlahla. Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, izinhlobo ze-apple ze-Spartan kumele zondliwe.
Ukugqoka okuvame ukuvame ukuqhutshwa ngezigaba ezintathu - lapho izimbali zivela ezihlahleni, emva kokuqhakaza sekuphelile futhi kube kanye entwasahlobo, kungcono ngo-Ephreli. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqu eziphilayo ezifana ne-humus, i-slurry, i-drop droppings. Umuthi ngokucacile wamagatsha amadala, okuyiqiniso, kuyadingeka - ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno sizohlupheka. Ungesabi ukusika ngokweqile - into eyodwa kuphela yokwesaba ukuqina okukhulu kwamahlamvu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ze-Apple Spartan zibhekene nezifo ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo, noma kunjalo, ngemizamo yabalimi baseCanada, I-Spartan ikwazi ukuyenza ibe yinkinga yokuqina kwesibalo kanye ne-powdery isikhutha. Lapha sibheka kafushane izifo eziyinhloko ezithinta izihlahla ze-apula, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nazo.
- Scab. Lesi sifo esijwayelekile kunawo wonke phakathi kwezinhlobo zama-apula. Kubonakala sengathi amachashazi amnyama ngesithelo. Uma la maphuzu amancane futhi engajwayelekile, ama-apula alahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo nezimfanelo eziwusizo.
- Idonsa likaMealy. I-Spartan iyathinteka yilesi sifo ngokungajwayelekile. Kuzibonakalisa njengeqhwa elimhlophe ngezici ezihlukahlukene zomuthi. Ekuqaleni, kukhishwa kalula, bese i-coarsens iphinde iphendukele ensundu. Amaqabunga amile, izithelo zihlanganiswe ngamachashazi. Emva kokwelashwa ngesidakamizwa esikhethekile (isibonelo, "I-Topaz"), lesi sifo sinquma.
- Izithelo Rot. Igama likhuluma ngokwalo - ama-apula abola. Siza "Skor", "Chorus" ne "Fundazol", uhlukanisile ngokulandela imiyalelo.
- I-Cytosporosis. Njengawo wonke umuntu, kuyisifo se-fungal. Uma lesi sifo sibonakala, igxolo liqala ukuyivala futhi lime. Ukusebenzisa kahle izidakamizwa "Ikhaya" noma "Fundazol."
- Ngaphambi kokufafaza lesi sitshalo, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo esiyidakamizwa ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi.
Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo singavinjelwe, lezi zakhi ziba zijulile nokuningi, ngaleyo ndlela zihlanganisa izithelo eziningi, okwenza zingakufanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu. Kungcono ukulwa ngaphambi kwenhlamba - ukuchelela okulungile nokufika ngesikhathi, ukudla, ukusika izihlahla kuzokusiza ukugwema lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sesivele sishaya izihlahla, baphathwa nge-dope ngamalungiselelo akhethekile (isibonelo, iChorus noma i-Skor).
Ukubamba iqhaza, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Spartan zinambitheka kakhulu, kulula ukuzihlakulela futhi zinamandla amakhulu okuhweba. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, unyaka ngamunye ungakwazi ukudubula isivuno esiphakeme futhi esivulekile sama-apula amahle kakhulu.
